暗娼HIV暴露前药物预防临床试验意愿调查

目的 了解广西女性性工作者(FSWs)对艾滋病病毒(HⅣ)暴露前药物预防(PrEP)临床试验的参与意愿及其影响因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法于2009年11月-2010年2月在广西南宁市、柳州市、北海市共招募348名FSWs进行问卷调查.结果 348名调查对象中PrEP的知晓率为14.9％ (52/348);54.3％( 189/348)的FSWs表示愿意参加PrEP临床试验,不愿意参加的主要原冈是:81.8％ (130/159)的FSWs担心PrEP的副作用,42.8％(68/159)的FSWs担心PrEP无效果,27.7％(44/159)的FSWs认为自己没有感染HIV的危险,没必要参加;近半年与嫖客、配偶/固定性伴、临时性伴(不付费)发生性行为时每次都使用安全套者分别占78.4％( 273/348)、25.2％(67/266)、70.9％(134/189);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,PrEP临床试验的影响因素为目前居住地、能坚持每天服用药物、认为有能力预防HIV感染、与家人的关系好、场所业主会影响选择服用药物、担心使用药物被他人歧视.结论 场所业主、家人的支持及他人的歧视是广西FSWs参与PrEP临床试验的重要影响因素,联合干预和减少歧视可能是提高其参与意愿的有效措施.     

重庆市城市社区老年人体育服务的需求及意愿调查

目的调查重庆市城市社区老年人对体育服务的需求及尝试意愿,以期为社区老年人体育服务发展提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法和实地调查法等对重庆市917位50岁以上的城市社区居民做养老相关情况的调查,并对调查结果进行描述性分析、单因素χ²检验及二项分类Logistic回归分析。结果调查对象中,以传统家庭养老为主要养老方式的达到最多,为84.5%;有95.3%的调查对象认为体育健身能够促进其生命质量且有91.2%的调查对象有体育健身的习惯。在对调查对象的老年人体育服务的需求及意愿进行调查发现,需求项目主要为运动场地、器械的普及和使用(67.3%),专业人员指导(56.1%),体育健康知识教育(55.3%),体育项目教学课程(45.3%)以及体育运动陪同(34.8%);69%的调查对象表示愿意尝试,而不愿意尝试的调查对象主要担心社区相关组织部门不完善(25.0%)、人员不专业(21.7%)。二项分类Logistic回归分析表明,调查对象的年龄和参与体育健身的频率是影响其是否愿意尝试老年人体育服务的主要因素。结论重庆市城市社区50岁以上居民大多保持一定的体育健身习惯,对社区老年人体...     

公众对临床试验的认知、实践与态度的调查研究

目的评价公众的临床试验的认知、实践与态度。方法采用匿名的横断面在线调查,共收集702份18岁以上中国公众的有效调查问卷。结果在702名被调查者中,有84.2%听说过临床试验,但是仅有6.0%作为受试者参与过药物临床试验。83.6%的被调查者知道“受试者的隐私和个人信息应该得到充分保护”,仅48.4%的被调查者知道“患者也可以参与设计和发起符合自己需要的临床试验”。41.7%的被调查者“愿意作为志愿者参加临床试验”。回归分析表明“工作/专业领域”“是否作为受试者参与过药物临床试验”“是否有亲人朋友作为受试者参与过药物临床试验”是影响公众参与临床试验意愿的显著因素。结论公众对临床试验的认知程度尚可,但是对于以患者为中心的临床试验发展趋势认识较低。公众的临床试验参与意愿较低,并且受自身专业背景以及相关经历影响很大。有必要开展针对公众的临床试验科普活动,积极发展临床试验公益团体,提升公众临床试验认知水平和参与积极度。     

家庭医生基于健康信念模式在老年人肺炎疫苗接种行为中的干预研究

目的通过分析上海某社区老年人肺炎疫苗接种行为影响因素,由家庭医生基于健康信念模式进行针对性干预,探索提高老年人接种肺炎疫苗意愿的干预策略,以提高肺炎疫苗在老年人中接种的覆盖率。方法随机选取辖区内1200名60岁及以上常住、未接种肺炎疫苗的老年人进行疫苗接种相关的问卷调查;并从不愿意接种疫苗的老年人中随机选取干预组和对照组各150名调查对象,由家庭医生进行基于健康信念模式的干预研究。结果共有1168名调查对象完成问卷调查(合格率为97.3%),30.99%的老年人表示有意愿接种肺炎疫苗;老年人患有慢性呼吸系统疾病及家人患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的、担心自己罹患肺炎、知道肺炎可以预防、知道肺炎疫苗及知道免费接种疫苗的调查对象肺炎接种意愿较高;不愿意接种的原因主要是担心不良反应(38.71%)、自认为没有必要(19.73%)和缺少医生建议(15.63%);家庭医生进行基于健康信念模式的干预,对老年人接种肺炎疫苗的意愿改变有明显效果(P0.001)。结论通过家庭医生进行基于健康信念模式的干预,加大宣传肺炎及其疫苗的相关知识,提高老年人对肺炎的预防意识,帮助老年人接受肺炎疫苗接种的益处、克服行为改变过程中的障碍,对提高老年人肺炎疫苗接受度和接种意愿具有重要作用。     

应用受访者驱动抽样估计青岛市男男性行为者人群规模

目的  探索受访者驱动抽样(respondent-driven sampling, RDS)在男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)人群规模估计中的应用经验并估计青岛市MSM人群规模, 为青岛市艾滋病疫情估计和资源分配提供参考。方法  采用RDS于2022年8-10月招募青岛市MSM参与调查, 收集一般人口学特征及社交网络规模信息。采用RDS Analyst 0.72软件评估RDS招募效果, 通过定性访谈了解青岛市MSM人群参与调查的意愿及其对激励措施的态度, 利用连续抽样人群规模估计法估计青岛市MSM人群规模。结果  共招募671人参与研究, 其中种子10名, 种子所在招募链的人数均>20人, 招募轮次为4~14轮不等。研究对象的年龄组、婚姻状况、受教育程度及户籍地构成在第5~10轮达到均衡, 人口学特征的同质性系数均接近1。10名访谈对象均表示无论是否有激励措施都愿意参与此类调查。连续抽样人群规模估计法基于研究对象自我报告的社交网络规模及基于可见度估计的青岛市MSM人数为分别为80 405~93 410人和69 284~80 236人, 占青岛市成年男性人口的比例分别为1.88%~2.19%和1.62%~1.88%。结论  RDS在MSM人群的招募效果较好, 应用基于RDS的连续抽样人群规模估计法估计的青岛市MSM占当地成年男性人口的比例为1.62%~2.19%。     

2017年广州市越秀区成年居民健康干预意愿及其影响因素

目的了解广州市越秀区居民对健康干预的意愿及其影响因素。方法2017年11—12月,选取曾参与2015年广东省居民慢性病与营养监测调查的广州市越秀区300户家庭18岁及以上的常住居民为调查对象。调查以面对面询问的方式进行,调查内容主要包括:调查对象的基本情况、饮食和生活方式及健康状况改变情况、接受干预的意愿3部分。对获得的资料进行描述性分析,并采用Logistic回归对居民健康干预意愿的影响因素进行分析。结果在462名调查对象中,男性192人,占41.56%,女性270人,占58.44%,年龄为(52±15)岁。针对膳食行为和其他生活方式的健康干预,152名20～44岁和310名≥45岁年龄段调查对象中,表示愿意接受的分别有79人(51.97%)和146人(47.10%),最愿意接受的干预方式均为微信推送,分别占33.71%和28.57%。对居民健康干预意愿进行多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:每周外出吃饭次数增加的居民接受健康干预的意愿是不愿意的2.35倍(95%CI 1.12～4.92),次数减少者接受干预的意愿为不愿意的2.19倍(95%CI 1.33～3.63);每日身体活...     

四川省凉山地区彝族男青年对包皮环切可接受性及影响因素分析

目的 研究艾滋病流行区彝族男青年对包皮环切手术作为HIV预防措施的可接受性及其影响因素.方法 采用分层抽样方法 在四川省凉山州布拖县抽取446名彝族男青年,利用自行设计的问卷进行一对一的面访,收集HIV相关危险行为、对包皮环切手术的认知及可接受性.结果 446名中经访谈员介绍包皮环切手术后,40.6%的人表示愿意接受该手术.调查对象自述愿意接受手术的原因主要为能够降低自身HIV的感染风险(90.1%).不愿意接受手术的原因主要为:"觉得手术部位太敏感,不好意思(52.5%)","害怕以后不能生孩子(50.9%)".logistic回归分析显示,影响包皮环切手术可接受性的因素为:年龄、收入水平、"最近一年是否有商业性行为"、"是否担心感染HIV"、"是否担心感染性病"、"是否认为包皮环切能够降低感染HIV的风险"、"是否认为包皮环切术后更容易发生性交时疼痛"、"是否担心手术后发生局部感染"、"是否担心进行手术遭到周围人嘲笑".结论 彝族对性问题害羞和隐讳的态度可能是推行包皮环切手术的一大障碍.采取免费的形式,由专业医生进行手术是较好的方式.     

某市住院医师规范化培训学员对新型冠状病毒疫苗的认知情况及接种意愿调查

目的 了解宁波市住院医师规范化培训学员(简称住培学员)对新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的认知情况、接种意愿,并分析其影响因素,进而为新冠疫苗在我市住培学员群体和一般人群中的接种推广提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样,选取宁波市目前在培的住培学员192名作为调查对象,采用自编调查问卷,于2021年1月15—25日对调查对象进行网络问卷调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果 超过70.00%的调查对象答对了截至调查日期我国附条件上市的疫苗种类、接种针次、接种方式、接种部位等,66.15%(127名)的调查对象全部答对疫苗接种常见不良反应,4.17%(8名)的调查对象全部答对疫苗优先接种人群,31.25%(60名)的调查对象全部答对疫苗接种禁忌人群。此外,70.31%(135名)的调查对象愿意接种新冠疫苗,29.69%(57名)的调查对象不愿意接种新冠疫苗。对调查对象不愿意接种新冠疫苗的原因进行调查:47.37%(27名)的调查对象选择了疫苗刚上市、担心疫苗不安全,40.35%(23名)的调查对象选择了存在禁忌证,28.07%(16名)的调查对象选择了担心疫苗不起作用。结论 宁波市住培学员对新冠疫苗认...     

重庆市661名愿意行包皮环切手术者卫生服务需求调查

目的:了解重庆市愿意行包皮环切手术的男性卫生服务的需求状况,从而为该市卫生服务的提供者提供依据.方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样,于2009年11月～2010年1月对重庆市4个区(九龙坡区、渝中区、大渡口区、巴南区)男性居民进行了问卷调查.结果:愿意接受包皮环切手术者共661名,平均年龄为31.2岁;职业为工人者最多占57.3%;文化程度以高中或中专最多占42.1%;共有6人有吸毒史;有338 A.(51.1%)愿意在男性专科医院做该手术,有56.4%的调查对象愿意选择由主治医生进行手术,69.7%的调查对象愿意花钱做该手术,56%的调查对象能够接受1000元的手术费,有38.1%的调查对象认为该手术是隐私.获得包皮环切手术信息来源主要是电视和报刊书籍宣传的比例分别为51.9%、42.9%,接受过咨询服务而获得相关知识的比例只有7.7%.结论:男性专科医院成为首选医院;年龄、文化程度是决定其是否愿意花钱的重要因素;卫生资源未得到合理利用,咨询服务的方式还有待改善,使卫生资源的配置更加合理,以达到卫生服务的公平性、及时性.     

成都市3所农村中学学生食品安全知信行调查

[目的]了解成都市农村中学生对食品安全的知识、行为、态度,为进一步开展农村中学生健康教育和行为干预提供理论依据.[方法]随机整群抽取成都市近郊3所农村中学的3900人.以自行设计的调查问卷进行调查.[结果]食品安全卫生知识知晓率为85.22%,行为形成率77.68%,男女生差异有统计学意义,女生较男生高;有93.55%的学生表示愿意改变不良生活习惯;80.17%的学生愿意接受健康培训讲座.[结论]成都市近郊农村中学生的知识知晓率较高,行为形成率较高,健康教育是提高学生食品卫生知识知晓率的有效方法.     

Physicians and caregivers: Ready and waiting for increased participation in clinical research

Progressive development of pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as nonpharmacological treatments is critically dependent on the timely recruitment of appropriate subjects for clinical trials. Accordingly, the IMPACT survey sought to determine the level of awareness of clinical trials and the willingness to foster patient involvement/participation in research studies. IMPACT survey participants were recruited via the Internet in equal numbers from 5 European countries—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. During April and May 2009, 250 caregivers and 500 physicians who agreed to participate in this market-based survey completed a 30-minute Web-based questionnaire that included items concerning awareness of clinical research and willingness to facilitate participation of AD patients in such research. Awareness of local clinical trials amongst both caregivers (24% overall; range by country, 14% to 34%) and physicians (19% overall; range by country, 13% to 30%) was found to be low in all countries surveyed. In contrast, the willingness of physicians to refer patients to, and caregivers to support their participation in, clinical trials was extremely high (98% and 81%, respectively). These results strongly indicate that physicians and caregivers are ready and waiting to become more involved in clinical research. Initiatives to increase awareness of clinical trials amongst caregivers and physicians and to conduct clinical trials within the geographical area of as many potential participants as possible should result in much more effective patient recruitment to AD clinical trials.     

Public attitudes regarding willingness to participate in medical research studies

The recruitment of adequate numbers of people to participate in medical research studies is an ongoing problem for biomedical researchers. Although the general public has come to expect and demand that the biomedical community develop new, safe and effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of diseases, that same public is not aware of the important role that public participation plays in the development of medical advances. Much is known about willingness to participate in research studies from the perspectives of patients, survivors, and those at-risk for getting a particular disease. However, little is known about the attitudes and willingness of the general public to participate in medical research. Yet, it is this population that comprises the potential pool of participants for future treatment and prevention studies. In order to examine public attitudes toward and support for medical research, a random digit dial telephone survey was conducted with 489 persons in southwestern Pennsylvania. The survey measured the respondent's stated willingness to take part in a medical research study and the factors associated with willingness to participate. These included the respondent's health status, demographic characteristics, attitudes and beliefs about participation and their knowledge about the conduct of medical research. The results of the study indicate that 46% of those surveyed said that they would be willing to take part in a medical research study focusing on a new treatment for a specific disease that was of concern to them, 25% stated that they would not be willing and 29% stated that they were undecided regarding participation. However, under certain circumstances, such as having cancer, over half of those who were undecided said they would be willing to participate. The characteristics of those willing to participate in a medical research study differ from those not willing. Determinants of willingness include: having a relative or friend who has an illness, being middle aged (between 35-64 years old), prior experience with participation in a medical research study, having a favorable attitude toward the use of human subjects in medical research and beliefs that diverse types of persons participate in clinical trials. Those respondents who were undecided about joining a clinical trial, also have different characteristics than those who are not willing. The determinants of being undecided in contrast to not willing include: having at least a college degree, having a favorable or neutral attitude toward the use of humans in medical research and, believing that the well-being of participants is the primary concern of researchers. The findings of this study have both public policy and practice implications. From a policy perspective, medical research designed to develop new treatments for disease requires an evidenced-based approach for decision making. Such an approach can only succeed if adequate numbers of individuals are willing to participate in these studies. From a practice perspective, the current study suggests that opportunities exist to increase participation by targeting recruitment efforts not only toward the willing but also toward those who are undecided about participation in medical research studies. This would involve tailoring the content of communications to meet the specific characteristics and concerns of each of these two groups of individuals.     

Are young injection drug users ready and willing to participate in preventive HCV vaccine trials?

Trials to evaluate the efficacy of preventive HCV vaccines will need participation from high risk HCV seronegative injection drug users (IDUs). To guide trial planning, we assessed willingness of young IDU in San Francisco to participate in HCV vaccine efficacy trials and evaluate knowledge of vaccine trial concepts: placebo, randomization and blinding. During 2006 and 2007, a total of 67 participants completed the survey. A substantial proportion (88%) would definitely (44%) or probably (44%) be willing to participate in a randomized trial, but knowledge of vaccine trial concepts was low. Reported willingness to participate in an HCV vaccine trial decreased with increasing trial duration, with 67% of participants surveyed willing to participate in a trial of 1 year duration compared to 43% of participants willing to participate in a trial of 4 years duration. Willingness to enroll in HCV vaccine trials was higher in young IDU than reported by most at-risk populations in HIV vaccine trials. Educational strategies will be needed to ensure understanding of key concepts prior to implementing HCV vaccine trials.     

HIV vaccine trial willingness among injection and non-injection drug users in two urban centres, Barcelona and San Francisco

Being able to recruit high-risk volunteers who are also willing to consider future participation in vaccine trials are critical features of vaccine preparedness studies. We described data from two cohorts of injection- and non-injection drug users in Barcelona, Spain [Red Cross centre] and in San Francisco, USA, [UFO-VAX study] at high risk of HIV/HCV infection to assess behaviour risk exposure and willingness to participate in future preventive HIV vaccine trials. We successfully identified drug-using populations that would be eligible for future HIV vaccine efficacy trials, based on reported levels of risk during screening and high levels of willingness to participate. In both groups, Red Cross and UFO-VAX respectively, HCV infection was highly prevalent at baseline (41% and 34%), HIV baseline seroprevalence was 4.2% and 1.5%, and high levels of willingness were seen (83% and 78%).     

Barriers to Cancer Clinical Trial Participation Among American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal College Students

Purpose: American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) have some of the highest cancer‐related mortality rates of all US racial and ethnic groups, but they are underrepresented in clinical trials. We sought to identify factors that influence willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials among AI/AN tribal college students, and to compare attitudes toward clinical trial participation among these students with attitudes among older AI/AN adults. Methods: Questionnaire data from 489 AI/AN tribal college students were collected and analyzed along with previously collected data from 112 older AI/AN adults. We examined 10 factors that influenced participation in the tribal college sample, and using chi‐square analysis and these 10 factors, we compared attitudes toward research participation among 3 groups defined by age: students younger than 40, students 40 and older, and nonstudent adults 40 and older. Findings: About 80% of students were willing to participate if the study would lead to new treatments or help others with cancer in their community, the study doctor had experience treating AI/AN patients, and they received payment. Older nonstudent adults were less likely to participate on the basis of the doctor's expertise than were students (73% vs 84%, P = .007), or if the study was conducted 50 miles away (24% vs 41%, P= .001). Conclusions: Finding high rates of willingness to participate is an important first step in increasing participation of AIs/ANs in clinical trials. More information is needed on whether these attitudes influence actual behavior when opportunities to participate become available.     

Attitudes to randomized clinical trials amongst out-patients attending a medical oncology clinic

Objective  To assess the understanding of and attitudes towards randomized clinical trials amongst patients attending oncology out-patient clinics.
Design  Cross-sectional survey.
Subjects  Patients attending medical oncology out-patient clinics at a Sydney teaching hospital.
Main outcome  Patients' willingness to participate in a randomized clinical trial.
Results  Sixty consecutive patients were surveyed. The mean age was 55.2 (SD 14) years. Eighty-eight per cent of respondents thought that patients should be asked to participate in trials testing new treatments, however, only a third would consider participating in a randomized trial themselves. If a trial was endorsed by an independent cancer information service such as the NSW Cancer Council, 72% of respondents would be more likely to participate. Knowledge about randomized trials was not high. Respondents scored a median of 3 out of 7 (interquartile range, 2–4) correct answers to a series of questions about randomized trials. Patients willing to participate in a randomized trial were more likely to perceive the doctor favourably ( P  = 0.05), less likely to perceive trials as experimental ( P  = 0.05) and less likely to perceive trials as representing an inconvenience or loss of control ( P  = 0.09).
Conclusions  Understanding amongst patients of the need for and mechanisms of randomized clinical trials is not good. This may contribute to the difficulties investigators face in seeking consent for clinical trials. Evaluation of new strategies to educate the public and patients about randomized trials is needed. Involvement of consumers in the design and conduct of clinical trials and evaluation of strategies to improve doctors' communication of clinical trial information is also required.     

Correlates of HIV vaccine trial participation: an Indian perspective

Successful conduct of HIV vaccine trials in a population of great cultural diversity like India could be a challenge. Concerns, knowledge gaps and willingness to participate in future HIV vaccine trials were studied among 349 patients attending three sexually transmitted infections clinics and one reproductive tract infections clinic. Overall willingness to volunteer for HIV vaccine trials was 48%. Women and men at risk of HIV infection were willing to participate in the HIV vaccine trials. Factors associated with increased willingness to participate in these trials were awareness of current HIV vaccine efforts, realization of importance of vaccine for self, concern about adverse events and altruism.     

Increasing Primary Care Physician Support for and Promotion of Cancer Clinical Trials

Only 2.5%–3% of adult cancer patients participate in cancer clinical trials, yet about 20% of cancer patients are medically eligible to participate. Research suggests that the primary care provider (PCP) can influence a patient''s awareness of, and potentially, his or her decision to consider a clinical trial. To address low cancer clinical trial accrual rates, ‘Imi Hale Native Hawaiian Cancer Network partnered with The Queen''s Cancer Center to provide and evaluate education on clinical trials to Hawai‘i PCPs. The educational materials were developed from a national curriculum and tailored to local audiences. Objectives of the curriculum were to educate PCPs about common myths (attitudinal barriers) around clinical trials and suggest ways that PCPs can introduce the concept of clinical trials to their patients with cancer or suspicion of cancer. The curriculum was tested on 128 PCPs in 2012. Knowledge of the PCP''s role and their willingness to mention clinical trials were measured through a post-test immediately following the presentation, which 74 (58%) PCPs completed. The post-test results suggested an increase in awareness among PCPs of their potential role in cancer clinical trial accrual, and an increase in PCP willingness to mention clinical trials to their patients with suspicion of cancer or diagnosed with cancer. Although findings suggest that this intervention is useful in increasing PCP receptivity to promoting cancer clinical trials, more research is needed to test if increased willingness results in increased accrual of cancer patients into clinical trials in Hawai‘i.