原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠脂肪因子及免疫调节的影响

目的 观察原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠血清瘦素(Leptin)、抵抗素、脂联素以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6的影响.方法 SD大鼠随机分成对照组(C组)、高脂血症模型组(H组)、原花青素高剂量组(HD组)、原花青素低剂量组(LD组),各10例.除对照组饲普通饲料外,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料并进行干预实验比较.6 w后检测大鼠血脂,血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素及TNF-α、IL-6的变化.结果 与对照组相比,H组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量明显升高(P＜0.01);脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).原花青素干预组血脂水平明显降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);脂联素水平升高(P＜0.01).结论 瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素和TNF-α、IL-6在高脂血症的病理和生理过程中起着重要作用.原花青素通过增加脂联素,降低血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、TNF-α和IL-6含量,控制炎症反应,对高脂饮食所致高脂血症相关性胰岛素抵抗的防治发挥重要作用.     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素/瘦素比值与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素、瘦素及二者比值与冠状动脉病变的关系.方法 对行冠状动脉造影的180例2型糖尿病患者的大血管病变危险因素进行采集,分为冠心病组和对照组,冠心病组又分为单支病变组、双支病变组和多支病变组,测量脂联素和瘦素的变化,分析脂联素/瘦素比值与冠状动脉病变的关系.结果 与对照组比较,冠心病组总胆固醇、纤维蛋白原定量和空腹血C反应蛋白升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂联素和脂联素/瘦素比值(2.78比1.16)降低.相关分析表明,冠心病组中冠状动脉狭窄程度与年龄、纤维蛋白原定量和C反应蛋白呈正相关,与脂联素和脂联素/瘦素比值(r=-0.314)呈负相关.在校正体质指数后,冠状动脉狭窄程度与脂联素/瘦素比值仍呈负相关(r=-0.541).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,脂联素/瘦素比值降低是冠状动脉病变的危险因素.脂联素/瘦素比值随冠状动脉病变支数增加而变小(2.10比1.37比 0.72 ),组间差异有统计学意义.分层结果显示,当冠状动脉病变支数逐渐升高时,脂联素/瘦素比值与冠状动脉危险因素仍然相关,而稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉危险因素不再相关.结论 2型糖尿病患者中,脂联素/瘦素比值降低与动脉粥样硬化的形成有关.脂联素/瘦素比值可望作为评估动脉粥样硬化程度的血清学标志.脂联素/瘦素比值相对于稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗是一个较好评估胰岛素抵抗致冠状动脉病变的指标.     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素、脂联素与下肢动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素水平与下肢动脉病变(PAD)的关系.方法 根据踝肱指数(ABI)将96例初诊2型糖尿病患者分为PAD组和非PAD组,另选取52例健康体检者作为正常对照组,测定患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素、血糖、血脂及胰岛素,测量身高、体重、血压;计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 1.与正常对照组相比,2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).2.与非PAD组相比,PAD组患者年龄明显偏高(P＜0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平升高(P＜0.05)、HOMA-IR、血清抵抗素明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平降低(P＜0.01).3.相关分析表明,2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与ABI呈正相关(r=0.367,P＜0.05),血清抵抗素与ABI负相关(r=-0.421,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并PAD患者血清抵抗素、脂联素水平明显改变且与ABI相关,抵抗素、脂联素可能在2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变的发生发展中起重要作用.     

非酒精性脂肪肝胰岛素抵抗及血清瘦素和脂联素水平的研究

[目的]研究非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、瘦素和脂联素水平的变化,探讨疾病发病中胰岛素抵抗(IR)、瘦素和脂联素的作用.[方法]测定体检和住院人群中NAFLD并肥胖(NAFLD)组、单纯性肥胖(肥胖)组和正常对照组空腹血糖、空腹血清胰岛素,采用稳态模型法计算IRI,同时检测瘦素和脂联素水平.[结果]NAFLD组空腹胰岛素水平和IRI显著高于肥胖组和对照组(P＜0.05);NAFLD组和肥胖组的瘦素水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);NAFLD组和肥胖组的脂联素水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);直线相关分析后,IRI与血清瘦素水平呈显著正相关(r=0.169 3,P＜0.01);而与血清脂联素水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.218 7,P＜0.01).[结论]IR可能是NAFLD发生、发展的基础,IR构成NAFLD患者基本特征之一,中央型肥胖是NAFLD的危险因素;NAFLD患者瘦素水平升高而脂联素水平降低,瘦素和脂联素通过不同机制参与了IR的发生、发展,进而影响NAFLD的发病.     

初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 研究初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 选择46例初发2型糖尿病患者,及与其体脂含量相匹配的糖耐量正常者43名,计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀围比(WHR),并空腹采血,测定血糖(FPG)、血脂、真胰岛素(FTI)、胰岛素原(FPI)、脂联素和瘦素浓度,分析血清脂联素和瘦素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系.用胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素抵抗程度.结果 2型糖尿病组与正常对照组比较,年龄、BMI无统计学意义(P>0.05),三酰甘油、FPG及FPI和HOMA-IR明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),舒张压、脂联素水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);相关分析显示,脂联素与FPG、FTI、HOMA-IR、BMI、WHR呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);瘦素与BMI、FTI、HOMA-IR、FPG呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与WHR无关.人血清脂联素和瘦素间无相关性.结论 人血清脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,体脂含量相同的初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素水平低于正常人.     

罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素的影响

目的 观察胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮(ROS)对初发2型糖尿病患者血脂联素和瘦素的影响,探讨该类药物作用与血脂联素和瘦素的关系.方法 选择初发2型糖尿病患者58例,给予ROS每日4 mg,治疗4周后,比较治疗前后患者胰岛素抵抗程度及血脂联素和瘦素水平的变化.结果 ROS治疗后,空腹血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),血脂联素水平增高(P＜0.01),血瘦素水平治疗前后无统计学意义.结论 ROS改善胰岛素抵抗可能与其提升血脂联素水平密切相关.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清脂肪细胞因子的变化与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者血清脂肪细胞因子:脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素水平变化及其对冠状动脉病变程度的影响。方法选择2009年1月~2011年10月在我院经冠状动脉造影确诊为ACS的患者95例作为ACS组,另选择冠状动脉造影正常的95例作为对照组。ACS组根据病变支数分为单支组(43例)、双支组(33例)、三支组(19例)。所有患者检查脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素水平及生化检查。结果 ACS组抵抗素[(4.63±1.44)μg/L vs(2.42±0.93)μg/L,P=0.017]、瘦素[(9.60±1.39)μg/L vs(6.70±1.38)μg/L,P=0.009]水平明显高于对照组,脂联素[(8.99±1.66)μg/L vs(12.11±1.97)μg/L,P=0.006]水平明显低于对照组。随着病变支数增多,脂联素水平明显降低,瘦素、抵抗素水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析,ACS患者的脂联素OR=0.078,95%CI:0.017~0.364,P=0.001;抵抗素OR=16.56,95%CI:2.298~119.280,P=0.005;瘦素OR=7.17,95%CI:1.594~32.261,P=0.010。结论脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素在诊疗ACS方面具有重要价值。     

抵抗素、脂联素浓度与高血压病血瘀证关系的研究

目的比较高血压病血瘀证与非血瘀证患者抵抗素、脂联素等差异,探讨高血压病患者脂肪因子与血瘀证的关系。方法空腹取静脉血制备血浆、血清,酶免检测血清脂联素、抵抗素,放免检测血清瘦素、胰岛素和血浆内皮素、肿瘤坏死因子,酶法检测空腹血清血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度。结果血瘀证检出率为25%。与非血瘀证组相比,血瘀证组瘦素、内皮素浓度升高(P0.05),脂联素水平降低(P0.05);抵抗素、胰岛素、肿瘤坏死因子水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);抵抗素、脂联素二者与瘦素、胰岛素、内皮素均未见明显相关关系(P0.05)。胰岛素与瘦素呈正相关(r=0.714 2,P0.01)。结论肥胖与血瘀证相关;瘦素与血瘀证的联系可能是通过调节血管活性因子水平实现的,脂联素具有防止血瘀证形成的作用;高血压病肥胖者血瘀证的形成可能与抵抗素无关。     

2型糖尿病一级亲属血清脂联素、瘦素及其比值与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 研究血清瘦素、脂联素与2型糖尿病(T2DM)一级亲属胰岛素抵抗(IR)相关性,探讨二者在T2DM发病中作用.方法 收集既往无糖耐量异常史的T2DM一级亲属, 分为糖耐量正常(NGT)组174例、空腹血糖受损(IFG)或糖耐量低减(IGT)组55例,及新发T2DM组71例;以其无糖尿病家族史的配偶或亲友中OGTT正常者114例作为正常对照组(NC).酶联免疫法测定上述人群的血清真胰岛素(TI)、瘦素和脂联素水平.用HOMA-IR评价胰岛素抵抗(IR)状态.结果 从NC至NGT、IGT/IFG到DM组,IR进行性加重(HOMA-IR分别为1.3±0.7、1.7±1.5、 2.2±1.4 和3.2±2.8,P＜0.01);血清瘦素水平进行性增高(P＜0.01),瘦素水平与HOMA-IR正相关(r=0.35, P＜0.01);血清脂联素水平进行性降低(分别为20±12、17±11、13±8和10±6mg/L,P＜0.01),与HOMA-IR负相关(r=-0.41,P＜0.01);脂联素/瘦素比值进性行降低,与HOMA-IR负相关(r=-0.53, P＜0.01). 结论 T2DM一级亲属在NGT时即存在瘦素水平升高和脂联素水平明显下降.脂联素/瘦素比值下降趋势与IR和糖调节受损的严重程度密切相关,推测该比值的变化可能是糖尿病一级亲属存在的固有遗传缺陷的一种表现,可能在IR和T2DM的发生发展中起重要作用,因而渴望作为预测T2DM发病的早期观察指标.     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠内脏脂肪细胞脂肪因子表达水平的影响

目的 观察雌激素对去卵巢大鼠内脏脂肪细胞瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平的影响,探讨雌激素对体脂分布的影响机制.方法 6周龄Sprauge-Dawley雌性大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法分成3组:假手术组、去卵巢组和去卵巢+戊酸雌二醇组(OVX+E2组),每组10只.术后1周,OVX+E2组大鼠每天按1 mg/kg体重灌胃戊酸雌二醇水溶液,其他组大鼠灌胃等体积蒸馏水.连续给药12周后,腹主动脉取血,迅速剥离内脏脂肪组织.采用全自动生化分析仪检测血脂、血糖.采用免疫组化染色、实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western印迹检测脂肪细胞瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α的表达.结果 3组血清瘦素、脂联素和抵抗素水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),但去卵巢组TNF-α水平显著高于假手术组(F=4.785,P＜0.05).免疫组化显示,与假手术组相比,去卵巢组内脏脂肪组织中瘦素表达明显减弱,而脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α表达明显增强;与去卵巢组相比,OVX+E2组内脏脂肪组织中瘦素表达明显增强,脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α表达明显减弱(F =3.712 ～5.198,P均＜0.05).3组内脏脂肪细胞瘦素mRNA和蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);去卵巢组内脏脂肪细胞脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于假手术组,而OVX+E2组内脏脂肪细胞脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于去卵巢组(F=3.175～5.342,P均＜0.05).结论 雌激素可通过下调去卵巢大鼠内脏脂肪细胞脂联素、抵抗素和TNF-α的表达,进而影响去卵巢大鼠体脂再分布.     

Elevated serum acylated (biologically active) ghrelin and resistin levels associate with pregnancy-induced weight gain and insulin resistance

AIM: To study fasting biologically active serum ghrelin (RIA) and resistin (ELISA) levels in different trimesters of pregnancy (HP, n=45, 15 in each) and in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n=30) compared to non-pregnant healthy women (NP, n=40) in correlation with TNF-alpha, soluble (s)TNF-receptor (R)-1, -2, leptin (ELISA), C-peptide (Cp, RIA) and Cp/blood glucose ratio (bg). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional case control study. RESULTS: Acylated ghrelin levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001) in the 2nd (377+/-38pg/ml, X+/-S.D.) and decreased in the 3rd trimester (252+/-36) and in GDM (226+/-21) compared to NP controls (309+/-20) and HP women in the 1st trimester (314+/-41). Serum resistin levels were higher in the 1st (8.5+/-2.6ng/ml), 2nd (10.2+/-2.1) and 3rd (13.1+/-3.6) trimesters of pregnancy and in GDM (15.7+/-3.5) than in NP controls (6.5+/-2.3). Significant (p<0.01) negative linear correlations were found among fasting serum ghrelin and body mass index (BMI), the fasting C-peptide (Cp) level, C-peptide/blood glucose (Cp/bg) ratio, TNF-alpha, soluble (s)TNFR-2, leptin and resistin concentrations in both, HP and GDM groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum acylated ghrelin and adiponectin, and between BMI and fasting Cp, Cp/bg, TNF-alpha, sTNFR-1, -2 and leptin levels in both pregnant groups. CONCLUSION: Increased fasting serum acylated ghrelin concentrations in the 2nd trimester may associate with weight gain during pregnancy. Hyperresistinemia may also be associated with the pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. A negative regulatory feed-back mechanism between resistin, TNF-alpha and ghrelin may be hypothesized.     

Insulin resistance, adipokines, and oxidative stress in nondiabetic, hypercholesterolemic patients: leptin as an 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha determinant

Limited data are available on the association of insulin resistance, adipokines, and in vivo lipid peroxidation. We investigated the relationships between insulin resistance, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin), and oxidative stress in nondiabetic, hypercholesterolemic patients. Seventy-six nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia participated in this cross-sectional study. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were analyzed. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations and urinary excretion of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We divided all subjects into 3 groups, classified by the tertiles of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, and clinical parameter comparisons were made among the 3 groups. The results showed that serum leptin (P < .001) and adiponectin levels (P < .05) were significantly different among the groups, although serum resistin was not different. Furthermore, the group with the highest HOMA-IR had a significantly higher urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion than the group with the lowest HOMA-IR (P = .017). Circulating leptin was positively correlated with urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) (r = 0.323, P < .01) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.524, P < .001). Circulating adiponectin was negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.252, P < .05) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.228, P < .05). We could not find a relationship between circulating adiponectin or resistin and urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that leptin was associated with the urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood lipids, and HOMA-IR (P = .002). In conclusion, our results show that more insulin-resistant state of nondiabetic, hypercholesterolemic patients is associated with decreased adiponectin and increased leptin and urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) levels, although no relationship with resistin was observed. Furthermore, serum leptin independently contributed to urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion.     

门冬胰岛素与人胰岛素对妊娠合并糖代谢异常患者的有效性及安全性

目的分析对比门冬胰岛素与人胰岛素对妊娠合并糖代谢异常患者的有效性及安全性及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法将2004年1月1日至2010年5月31日接受孕期检查并分娩的应用门冬胰岛素控制血糖的妊娠合并糖代谢异常者纳入分析（Asp组，n=77），其中妊娠合并糖尿病（DM）患者22例、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者55例。选择同期接受孕期检查并分娩的应用人胰岛素控制血糖的妊娠合并糖代谢异常患者（HI组，n=77）按1：1作为对照进行回顾性对比研究。对比2组胰岛素治疗前后血糖变化、血糖下降至正常水平所需时间、胰岛素最大用量、治疗期间低血糖事件发生率及分娩结局。2组数据比较用t检验及秩和检验。结果治疗1周后，Asp组DM患者早餐、晚餐后2h血糖分别为（6．5±1．1）和（7．1±1．1）mmol／L，HI组则分别为（8．0±1．1）和（7．8±0．8）mmol／L；而Asp组GDM患者早餐、午餐和晚餐后2h血糖分别为（6．5±0．7）、（6．8±0．7）和（6．7±0．7）mmol／L，HI组则分别为（7．1±0．9）、（7．3±0．9）和（7．4±0．8）mmol／L；Asp组餐后2h血糖水平均低于Ⅲ组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。Asp组DM患者早餐后2h血糖首次下降至正常水平所需时间为（3．0±2．2）d，HI组则为（5．0±2．1）d；Asp组GDM患者早餐后2h血糖首次下降至正常水平所需时间为（2．3±1．6）d，HI组则为（4．3±2．6）d；Asp组餐后血糖下降至正常水平所需时间均比HI组短，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。Asp组低血糖事件发生率为3．9％（DM患者1例，GDM患者2例），HI组为24．7％（DM患者8例，GDM患者11例）（P〈0．05）。Asp组DM患者新生儿低血糖发生率及新生儿转儿科率分别为4．5％、36．4％，而HI组为18．2％、50．0％；Asp组GDM患者巨大儿、新生儿低血糖发生率及转儿科率分别为10．9％、3．6％、25．5％，HI组则分别为18．2％、10．9％、38．2％；Asp组的分娩结局有优于HI组的趋势，但2组间差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论在妊娠合并糖代谢异常孕妇中，相比人胰岛素，门冬胰岛素能更快、更有效地控制血糖，同时可明显降低低血糖事件的发生。对分娩结局的影响方面，Asp组有优于Ⅲ组的趋势。     

Serum concentrations of adipocytokines in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism before and after control of thyroid function

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tissue is a hormonally active system that produces and releases different bioactive substances. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin are some of the recently discovered adipocytokines that participate in the regulation of intermediate metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the circulating levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in patients with thyroid dysfunction before and after normalization of thyroid function with appropriate therapy. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We studied 20 patients with hyperthyroidism (16 women and 4 men; mean age 47.2 +/- 3.9 years) and 20 patients with hypothyroidism (17 women and 3 men; 51.5 +/- 4.1 years). A group of 20 euthyroid subjects served as control group. Patients were evaluated at the time of diagnosis and again after normalization of thyroid function with appropriate therapy. Serum concentrations of free T4 (FT4), total T3, TSH, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: Hyperthyroid patients showed significantly decreased leptin levels in comparison with controls (11.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 30.4 +/- 5.0 microg/l, P < 0.001). No significant differences in adiponectin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups were found (27.8 +/- 4.0 vs. 46.0 +/- 12.0 mg/l, NS). Patients with hyperthyroidism exhibited reduced resistin levels in comparison with euthyroid subjects (6.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.7 microg/l, P < 0.05). Normalization of circulating thyroid hormone was accompanied by a nonsignificant increase in leptin levels (12.9 +/- 1.7 microg/l, P < 0.01 vs. control) and no significant modification both in adiponectin (32.0 +/- 7.1 mg/l, NS) and resistin (5.4 +/- 0.7 microg/l, NS) levels. Adjustment of adipocytokine concentrations for body mass index (BMI) showed that treatment of hyperthyroidism induced a significant reduction in adjusted resistin concentrations (0.21 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.03 microg/l/BMI units, P < 0.05), with no changes in adjusted leptin and adiponectin. Hypothyroid patients showed significantly lower leptin levels compared with the controls (16.0 +/- 3.5 vs. 30.4 +/- 5.0 microg/l, P < 0.05). Adiponectin levels in patients with hypothyroidism (71.8 +/- 16.0 mg/l) were similar to those in the control group and were not modified with therapy. Resistin levels were significantly reduced among hypothyroid patients (5.8 +/- 1.0 microg/l, P < 0.05), and were not increased after levothyroxine therapy. A significant rise in BMI-corrected leptin levels was observed after replacement therapy, with no changes in adiponectin- and resistin-corrected values. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that (1) low serum leptin levels are present in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients but are only increased after therapy in the latter; (2) resistin might be implicated in the insulin resistance state that accompanies thyrotoxicosis; and (3) inadequate secretion of adiponectin seems to have no role in metabolic changes associated with thyroid dysfunction.     

Maternal circulating adipokine profile and insulin resistance in women at high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus

BackgroundCytokines produced by adipose and placental tissues (adipokines) have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is, however, limited research regarding the relationship between advancing pregnancy, maternal adipokine profile, insulin resistance and the development of GDM. Furthermore, no studies have investigated these parameters in women with a history of GDM who are at the highest risk of recurrence. This study examined the circulating concentrations of a number of adipokines associated with insulin resistance at two points in pregnancy, and determined whether they were altered in women who developed GDM.MethodsNon-diabetic women with a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy (n = 123) had blood drawn at 14 and 28 weeks of pregnancy for GDM diagnosis, together with assessment of a range of adipokine concentrations by multiplex assay (fatty acid-binding protein 4 [FABP4], leptin, chemerin, adiponectin and resistin).ResultsWith advancing pregnancy, maternal adiponectin concentrations decreased, while leptin and resistin levels increased (p < 0.05). In women who developed GDM at 28 weeks of pregnancy (42%), fasting and postprandial glucose levels were already significantly elevated by 14 weeks (p < 0.05), while adiponectin concentrations were lower (p < 0.05). Adiponectin remained lower at the time of GDM diagnosis (p < 0.05), while the other adipokines were similar between groups at each timepoint.ConclusionMaternal glucose and adipokine profile is altered early in pregnancy in women with a history of GDM who subsequently develop recurrent disease.     

脑卒中患者急性期血浆抵抗素和瘦素水平及其相关性研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者急性期血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平及与年龄、血压、血糖(Glu)、血脂、胰岛素的关系。方法选择59例脑出血(脑出血组)患者、54例脑梗死(脑梗死组)患者和57例健康老年人(对照组),采用酶联免疫法测定各组患者空腹血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平,同时检测空腹Glu、血脂、胰岛素,测量血压,进行各组比较。结果无论脑出血组还是脑梗死组抵抗素、瘦素水平都明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。采用相关分析发现,脑出血组抵抗素和收缩压(SBP)、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),脑梗死组抵抗素和Glu、TG、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。脑出血组瘦素和SBP、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),和高密度脂蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),脑梗死组瘦素和SBP、DBP、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),脑出血组、脑梗死组抵抗素和瘦素浓度都呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中急性期血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平升高,可能通过联合影响机体能量代谢和平衡,在脑卒中发生过程中发挥重要调控作用。     

血清前白蛋白和白蛋白与不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者血清前白蛋白和白蛋白水平与短期转归的相关性.方法 前瞻性连续纳入发病48 h内入院的急性缺血性卒中患者.在发病后14 d应用改良Rankin量表评估功能转归情况,0～2分定义为转归良好.根据患者年龄分为中青年组(＜60岁)和老年组(≥60岁).比较总体患者以及不同年龄段患者转归良好组与转归不良组的人口统计学、基线临床资料和实验室检查结果.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定短期转归的独立影响因素.结果 共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者622例,其中男性402例(64.6％),女性220例(35.4％);中青年组206例(33.1％),老年组416例(66.9％);转归良好310例(49.8％),转归不良312例(50.2％).转归良好组男性、老年、高脂血症、糖尿病、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史的患者构成比以及年龄、体重指数、前白蛋白、白蛋白、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、尿素氮和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,女性[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.522,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.023 ～ 2.266;P=0.038]、糖尿病(OR 1.789,95％ CI1.171 ～2.735;P=0.007)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 1.251,95％ CI 1.017～ 1.539;P=0.034)、总胆红素(OR1.054,95％ CI1.029～1.081;P＜0.001)、尿素氮(OR 1.245,95％ CI1.100～1.409;P=0.001)和基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(OR 2.854,95％ CI1.027～3.628;P=0.019)较高为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白(OR 0.798,95％ CI0.633～0.979;P =0.034)和白蛋白(OR 0.741,95％ CI0.693～0.988;P=0.020)较高为转归良好的独立预测因素.在中青年患者中,转归良好组糖尿病和小动脉闭塞的患者构成比以及年龄、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.343,95％ CI 1.127 ～4.871;P=0.023)和基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.041,95％ CI1.304～4.125;P=0.027)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR0.742,95％ CI0.639 ～0.937;P=0.044)为转归良好的独立预测因素.在老年患者中,转归良好组男性、既往卒中或TIA史、心源性栓塞的患者构成比以及前白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.797,95％ CI1.153 ～4.756;P=0.039)、基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.586,95％ CI.033 ～3.435;P=0.035)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR1.304,95％ CI1.027 ～1.656;P=0.029)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白较高为转归良好的独立预测因素(OR0.795,95％ CI0.691 ～0.998;P=0.002).结论 前白蛋白和白蛋白是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归良好的独立预测因素.血清前白蛋白在老年人群(≥60岁)中的保护作用更为明显.     

Do adiponectin,TNFα, leptin and CRP relate to insulin resistance in pregnancy? Studies in women with and without gestational diabetes,during and after pregnancy

BACKGROUND: The role of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), leptin and C-reactive protein in the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not clear. We measured their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and in controls, during and after pregnancy, and related them to insulin secretion and action. METHODS: Nineteen women with GDM and 19 BMI-matched healthy pregnant women underwent intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the third trimester of pregnancy and 4 months postpartum to determine insulin sensitivity (SI) and insulin secretion. Adiponectin, TNFalpha, leptin and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in fasted blood. RESULTS: Of the circulating factors, only leptin (r = -0.41, p = 0.01) correlated with SI in pregnancy. Leptin and hsCRP levels were elevated in pregnancy compared to postpartum (leptin (mean +/- SEM): 27.8 +/- 2.4 vs 19.3 +/- 2.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001; hsCRP: 5.2 +/- 0.7 vs 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/L, p < 0.001). Adiponectin levels did not change from pregnancy to postpartum, despite a marked increase in SI. All four factors correlated with SI postpartum (adiponectin: r = 0.38, p = 0.01; TNFalpha: r = -0.48, p = 0.002; Leptin: r = -0.61, p = 0.001; hsCRP: r = -0.48, p = 0.002). TNFalpha correlated inversely with insulin secretion in pregnancy (r = -0.35, p = 0.03) and was significantly higher in the GDM group (2.62 +/- 0.3 vs 1.88 +/- 0.3 pg/mL, p = 0.01) in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: In our study, the influence of adiponectin, TNFalpha and hsCRP upon SI is overwhelmed by other factors in pregnancy. While leptin and SI correlated in pregnancy, it is unclear whether this represents cause or effect. Finally, TNFalpha may exert an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion in GDM, contributing to the associated hyperglycaemia.     

健康体检者空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗与血清谷氨酰转肽酶水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨健康体检者血清谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）与FPG、IR间的关系. 方法 纳入793名健康体检者,根据FPG中位数5.42 mmol/L与胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）中位数2.04,分为高FPG（HF）组和正常FPG（NF）组,IR组和IS组,比较各组γ-GT水平. 结果 HF、IR组γ-GT水平均高于NF、IS组（P＜0.01）.Spearman相关分析显示,γ-GT与FPG、FIns及HOMA-IR呈正相关.Logistic回归分析结果显示,FPG（OR=1.615,95％CI：1.208～2.158）、TG（OR=4.104,95％CI：2.650～6.357）、FIns（OR=2.866,95％CI：1.114～7.372）及饮酒情况（OR=3.068,95％CI：1.935～4.864）是γ-GT水平升高的危险因素. 结论 FPG、FIns与血清γ-GT水平相关,γ-GT可能成为T2DM发生风险的预测因素.