抗须癣毛癣菌细胞壁蛋白的卵黄抗体制备和鉴定

目的：提取须癣毛癣菌的细胞壁蛋白作为免疫原制备特异性卵黄抗体,并鉴定其生物活性,为卵黄抗体在预防与治疗皮肤癣疾病的应用奠定基础。方法：本研究采用冷碱抽提的方法提取须癣毛癣菌的细胞壁蛋白,并用其免疫健康的产蛋母鸡。采用聚乙二醇两步沉淀法及饱和硫酸铵盐析提纯卵黄抗体;用Bradford法检测卵黄抗体中蛋白含量;SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析测定卵黄抗体的纯度以及相对分子质量;ELISA检测纯化的卵黄抗体的效价;Western blot分析特异性卵黄抗体的免疫反应性。结果：提取的卵黄抗体中蛋白纯度达到87.27%。由细胞壁蛋白制备的特异性卵黄抗体在初免20 d后效价开始升高,到45天达到最高值（1∶32 000）。Western blot结果显示由细胞壁蛋白制备的卵黄抗体能与其良好的特异性结合,具有较好的免疫反应性。结论：本实验提取的须癣毛癣菌细胞壁蛋白作为免疫原可以制备出特异性较强的卵黄抗体,为须癣毛癣菌感染的皮肤疾病提供了治疗新思路。     

汕头地区浅部真菌病的流行病学调查研究

目的 了解近5年来汕头地区浅部真菌病病原菌的种类和构成情况,获取流行病学的资料.方法 对2004年7月至2009年7月来我院就诊的有典型临床表现且真菌镜检阳性的患者进行了致病真菌的分离培养和菌种鉴定.结果 共分离出浅部致病真菌2169株,皮肤癣菌共1289株,其中红色毛癣菌732株(33.75%),须癣毛癣菌485株(22.36%),犬小孢子菌66株(3.04%),申克氏孢子丝菌2株 (0.09% ),石膏样小孢子菌/絮状表皮癣菌各2株(0.09%);念珠菌和酵母样菌845株,其中糠秕马拉色菌467株(21.53%),念珠菌属378株(17.43%);曲霉属35株(1.61%).结论 在汕头地区,红色毛癣菌仍占优势.但糠秕马拉色菌和念珠菌的发病率明显上升,说明本地区浅部真菌病及病原菌的分布大体符合国内流行趋势,但也具备自身的特点.     

蛇床子素调控PI3K/AKT通路对膀胱癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移与凋亡的影响

目的 探讨蛇床子素调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号对膀胱癌T24细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移、凋亡的影响.方法 用不同浓度的蛇床子素处理人膀胱癌T24细胞,计算IC50浓度.采用CCK-8方法检测蛇床子素对T24细胞增殖的影响,采用Transwell实验检测蛇床子素对细胞迁移和侵袭的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测蛇床子素对T24细胞凋亡的影响,采用Western blot方法检测抗凋亡蛋白及PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达水平.结果 蛇床子素抑制T24细胞增殖的IC50为42.4μmol/L.42.4μmol/L蛇床子素处理24、48、72h后,T24细胞增殖能力显著降低(P＜0.05).42.4μmol/L蛇床子素处理24h后,T24细胞的迁移能力和侵袭能力降低、细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05);T24细胞中p-AKT、p-mTOR、P70与Cyclind1蛋白表达水平降低(P＜0.05);抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达降低,促凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05).结论 蛇床子素可通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制膀胱癌T24细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进凋亡.     

多肽P7对肿瘤组织的靶向识别与Hsp90表达水平相关

目的 分析热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)双功能靶向抑制多肽LPLTPLP(P7)对不同肿瘤组织及癌旁组织的识别效果,以及与Hsp90表达的相关性.方法 通过免疫组化和免疫荧光染色法分别检测组织芯片中48例16种器官肿瘤及匹配或不匹配的边缘或癌旁组织的Hsp90表达水平以及FITC-P7的识别效果,并对两组数据进行相关性分...     

蛇床子素通过上调抑癌基因PTEN 抑制肝癌细胞HepG2 增殖并促进细胞凋亡

目的:探究蛇床子素对肝癌细胞Hep G2增殖及凋亡的作用及作用机制。方法:用不同浓度蛇床子素处理肝癌细胞,CCK8检测细胞活性,流式检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测细胞增殖、凋亡标记蛋白及PTEN的表达;同时用PTEN抑制剂bp V(HOpic)处理细胞,CCK8和流式再次检测细胞增殖及凋亡情况。结果:100μmol/L蛇床子素作用4 d和5 d能明显降低细胞增殖倍数(P0. 05),150μmol/L蛇床子素作用3 d、4 d和5 d也可显著降低细胞增殖倍数(P0. 05,P0. 01),并且蛇床子素(100μmol/L,150μmol/L)还能显著抑制细胞增殖标记蛋白Ki67和PCNA的表达,并体现量效关系(P0. 05,P0. 01);同时,蛇床子素(100μmol/L,150μmol/L)能明显促进肝癌细胞凋亡及凋亡标记蛋白Bax表达,降低Bcl-2蛋白表达水平(P0. 05,P0. 01);此外,蛇床子素(100μmol/L,150μmol/L)还能显著促进抑癌基因PTEN的表达(P0. 05,P0. 01);bp V(HOpic)能明显减弱蛇床子素对肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及对细胞凋亡的促进作用(P0. 05)。结论:蛇床子素能通过上调PTEN表达抑制肝癌细胞Hep G2增殖、促进肝癌细胞凋亡。     

Hsp90抑制TNFα诱导的细胞凋亡及线粒体细胞色素c的释放

目的应用热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)过表达系统探讨Hsp90是否抑制肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)诱导的细胞凋亡及线粒体细胞色素c的释放。方法采用电穿孔技术建立稳定过表达Hsp90的细胞克隆,应用激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪观察TNFα和放线菌酮(CHX)诱导的细胞凋亡。应用W estern b lotting方法检测细胞色素c的变化。结果相差显微镜观察Hsp90过表达细胞与对照细胞相比悬浮细胞较少(分别为18%和41%),PBS冲洗后剩余黏附细胞较多。应用共聚焦显微镜进行TUNEL测定结果显示大部分对照细胞发生凋亡,相对较少的Hsp90细胞发生凋亡。W estern b lotting检测Hsp90细胞中细胞色素c的表达与对照组相比明显减少。结论Hsp90过表达抑制TNFα诱导的细胞凋亡及线粒体细胞色素c释放,提示其在凋亡信号传导通路线粒体水平发挥抑制作用。     

抗BCG Hsp65单克隆抗体的鉴定及应用研究

目的:对制备的5株抗BCG Hsp65单克隆抗体(Hsp65 mAb)做进一步鉴定和应用.方法:采用ELISA方法对mAb的效价、亚类和结合抗原表位特性进行鉴定,应用mAb对Hsp65融合蛋白进行了Western blot和免疫荧光检测.结果:5株mAb的类型均为IgG,其中ⅠC1和ⅡC3株mAb为IgG1亚类,ⅠA5、ⅠC3和ⅠD6株mAb为IgG2a亚类. 抗原表位竞争结合分析显示,在配对的不同亚类mAb中,存在着结合Hsp65表面不同抗原表位的mAb.通过Western blot检测证实,Hsp65 mAb对Hsp65-MUC1检测结果,与MUC1 mAb的一致.细胞免疫荧光检测显示,制备的 mAb能够识别通过蛋白装载进入树突状细胞内的Hsp65-PSA.结论:获得的Hsp65 mAb可做为检测工具,用于研究BCG Hsp65及其融合蛋白的功能和表达.     

外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架提高脂肪间充质干细胞活性修复糖尿病创面北大核心

背景:根据目前临床上外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架对宫颈糜烂的治疗应用及其免疫作用,考虑到其对慢性创面治疗的可能性。目的:探讨外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架对脂肪间充质干细胞体外增殖、凋亡的影响,以及对脂肪间充质干细胞体内移植存活率和皮肤愈合的影响。方法:以质量浓度为10 mg/L外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架作用于脂肪间充质干细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,EDU试剂盒检测细胞增殖能力;在脂肪间充质干细胞中加入50%蔗糖诱导细胞凋亡,给予外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架干预后采用FITC-PI流式细胞凋亡试剂盒、TUNEL凋亡试剂盒检测细胞凋亡情况。第3代脂肪间充质干细胞中加入10 mg/L外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架5 mL,共培养48 h,用荧光染料CM-Dil标记后以皮内注射方式注入糖尿病小鼠创缘皮肤,LB983活体成像系统检测细胞存活率,苏木精-伊红染色、Masson染色和免疫荧光染色验证慢性创面第14天愈合情况。结果与结论:外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架可提高脂肪间充质干细胞的活力及增殖能力,并抑制其凋亡;在体内条件下外用红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架可以增加脂肪间充质干细胞的存活率,糖尿病小鼠创面愈合速度更快。     

Hsp90抑制剂的研究进展

Hsp90 是最丰富的热休克蛋白,它广泛存在于真核以及原核生物中.Hsp90 的主要作用是帮助其客户蛋白正确折叠和降解,这些客户蛋白中有许多是在癌症发生中起到重要作用的激酶和转录因子.还有许多客户蛋白对于其他疾病的发展都是必不可少的,包括阿尔茨海默病和其他神经退行性疾病以及病毒和细菌感染.Hsp90 抑制剂通过与 Hs...     

Hedgehog信号通路抑制剂GANT61对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨以Gli为靶点的hedgehog信号通路抑制剂GANT61对人急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞HL-60增殖和凋亡的作用及机制。方法:采用CCK-8法观察不同浓度GANT61对HL-60细胞生长增殖的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染检测GANT61对HL-60细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR检测48 h时HL-60细胞中gli1、bcl-2、bcl-xl mRNA表达;免疫荧光检测48 h时HL-60细胞中Gli1蛋白表达。结果:GANT61呈时间和浓度依赖性抑制HL-60细胞增殖;GANT61呈浓度和时间依赖性诱导HL-60细胞凋亡;GANT61呈浓度依赖性抑制gli1、bcl-2、bcl-xl mRNA表达;GANT61呈浓度依赖性抑制Gli1蛋白表达。结论:GANT61通过抑制Hedgehog-gli信号通路进而下调bcl-2和bcl-xl基因的表达,对人急性髓系白血病细胞HL-60起抑制增殖,并诱导其凋亡作用。     

蛇床子提取液对离体蟾蜍坐骨神经动作电位的影响

目的:研究蛇床子提取液对蟾蜍离体坐骨神经动作电位传导阻滞作用。方法:观察3种浓度蛇床子提取液(1g·ml-1、0.5g·ml-1、0.2g·ml-1)对蟾蜍离体坐骨神经复合动作电位的振幅和传导速度的影响。结果:3种浓度的蛇床子提取液均可使坐骨神经复合动作电位的振幅变小(P0.01),传导速度变慢(P0.01)并最终使坐骨神经动作电位消失。结论:蛇床子提取液能阻滞神经动作电位的传导。     

右归丸对膝骨关节炎模型鼠软骨组织显微结构及热休克蛋白90α蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察右归丸对膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型大鼠软骨组织显微结构和热休克蛋白90α(heat shock protein 90α,Hsp90α)蛋白表达的影响,进一步揭示右归丸防治KOA的机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术对照组、KOA模型组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖组和右归丸(高、中、低剂量)组,每组10只。采用改良Hulth法制备大鼠KOA模型,分别予相应药物灌胃8周。HE染色法观察软骨组织的形态学变化,并进行Makin评分;应用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α、纤连蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)和Ⅱ型胶原(collagen typeⅡ,COL-Ⅱ)的表达;RT-qPCR法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)和MMP-13的mRNA表达水平,应用Western blot法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α和COL-Ⅱ的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,KOA模型组大鼠软骨组织Makin评分明显升高,软骨组织H...     

Human and guinea pig immune responses to Legionella pneumophila protein antigens OmpS and Hsp60.

We studied the immune responses of guinea pigs and humans to two Legionella pneumophila antigens. Guinea pigs surviving a lethal intraperitoneal challenge dose of virulent L. pneumophila exhibited strong cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to purified OmpS (28-kDa major outer membrane protein) and Hsp60 (heat shock protein or common antigen), while weak DTH reactions were noted for extracellular protease (major secretory protein [MSP] [ProA]) and no reaction was observed with an ovalbumin (OA) control. Lymphocyte proliferation responses (LPRs) were measured for peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes from guinea pigs surviving sublethal and lethal challenge doses of L. pneumophila. Lymphocytes from uninfected animals showed no proliferation to Hsp60 or OmpS, while lymphocytes from sublethally and lethally challenged animals exhibited strong proliferative responses to Hsp60 and OmpS. Guinea pigs vaccinated with purified OmpS exhibited low antibody titers and strong DTH and LPRs to OmpS, whereas lymphocytes from animals vaccinated with Hsp60 exhibited weak DTH responses and high antibody titers to Hsp60. All guinea pigs immunized with OmpS survived experimental challenge with L. pneumophila (two of two in a pilot study and seven of seven in trial 2) versus zero of seven OA-immunized controls (P = 0.006 by Fisher's exact test). In three vaccine trials in which animals were vaccinated with Hsp60, only 1 guinea pig of 15 survived lethal challenge. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from humans with legionellosis showed stronger LPRs to OmpS than PBLs from humans with no history of legionellosis (P = 0.0002 by Mann-Whitney test). PBLs of humans surviving legionellosis exhibited a lower but highly significant proliferative response to Hsp60 (P < 0.0001 compared with controls by Mann-Whitney test). These studies indicate that OmpS and Hsp60 are important antigens associated with the development of protective cellular immunity. However, as determined in vaccine trial studies in the guinea pig model for legionellosis, the species-specific antigen OmpS proved much more effective than the genus-common Hsp60 antigen.     

Five-hour diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections with specific detection of Trichophyton rubrum

A rapid two-step DNA extraction method and a multiplex PCR for the detection of dermatophytes in general and Trichophyton rubrum specifically were developed and evaluated with DNA extracted from pure cultures and from clinically diseased nails. DNA from the following dermatophytes was used: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Trichophyton violaceum. Human DNA and DNA from the following nondermatophyte fungi were included as controls: Alternaria, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Malassezia furfur, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. A total of 118 nail samples received for routine microscopy and culture for dermatophytes were subsequently tested by the two PCRs separately and in a multiplex format. Using DNA extracted from pure cultures and the pan-dermatophyte PCR, the T. rubrum-specific PCR sequentially and in a multiplex format correctly detected all dermatophytes and additionally correctly identified T. rubrum. Comparison of the traditional diagnostic evaluation (microscopy and culture) of nail samples with PCR on DNA directly extracted from the nails showed excellent agreement between PCR and microscopy, but the number of samples with dermatophyte species identification was increased considerably from 22.9% to 41.5%, mainly due to the identification of T. rubrum by PCR in microscopy-positive but culture-negative samples. In conclusion, this 5-hour diagnostic test was shown to increase not only the speed but also the sensitivity of investigation for nail dermatophytosis.     

Oxidative and cold shock cause enhanced induction of a 50 kDa stress protein in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichinella spiralis</Emphasis>

The anti-heat shock protein (Hsp)-90 monoclonal antibody AC-16 reacts on blots with Hsp90 and a 50 kDa protein (prot-50) from infective-stage (L1) larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis. We examined Hsp90 and prot-50 levels by densitometric analysis of immunoblots of T. spiralis larval extracts prepared before (time 0, 37 degrees C) and after oxidative [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] stress, or cold shock at 4 degrees C. Extracts from H2O2-exposed L1 were obtained after 2 h; the others at 2, 4, and 8 h after the temperature shift. After H2O2 shock, the constitutive Hsp90 and prot-50 were both significantly induced and appeared as slower migrating inducible isoforms. However, whereas Hsp90 levels decreased after cold shock, prot-50 levels immediately and persistently increased after shock at 4 degrees C. These data present compelling evidence that the prot-50 described here functions as a Hsp and a cold shock protein.     

Down-regulation of Hsp60 expression by RNAi impairs folding of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase wild-type and disease-associated proteins

We have analyzed the role of the highly abundant molecular chaperone Hsp60 in the biogenesis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) using RNA interference (RNAi). MCAD is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the fatty acid metabolism and previous studies in isolated rat mitochondria or prokaryotic expression systems have shown that Hsp60 and GroEL are involved in the folding of MCAD proteins. To elucidate the impact of Hsp60 levels for folding and assembly of MCAD proteins in intact mammalian cells, we report the design and in vivo synthesis of anti-human Hsp60 small-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). Quantitative PCR analysis of transfected HEK-293 cells showed significant down-regulation of endogenous Hsp60 mRNA 48 h post-transfection and Western blot analysis confirmed the reduced levels of Hsp60 protein. Furthermore, expression of exogenous Myc-tagged Hsp60 was decreased in shRNA-transfected cells. Flow cytometry showed that shRNA-treatment only affects green fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria, demonstrating that the shRNA effect is specific. In cells with reduced Hsp60 levels both the amounts of total MCAD proteins and folded MCAD were reduced for MCAD wild-type and the two disease-associated variants studied. A similar effect was observed in cells expressing mitochondrial short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Thus, in intact human cells we demonstrate that Hsp60 is involved in the folding of MCAD variant proteins. The present system can be used to study the requirement of Hsp60 for folding of other mitochondrial proteins and to assess the role of Hsp60 for the severity of genetic defects involving these proteins.     

Molecular taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum complex

The validity of taxa around Trichophyton rubrum was evaluated by a combination of phenetic and molecular methods. Morphological and physiological features were compared to results of sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal operon, PCR fingerprinting, and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. The 15 species and varieties investigated (Trichophyton circonvolutum, Trichophyton fischeri, Trichophyton fluviomuniense, Trichophyton glabrum, Trichophyton gourvilii, Trichophyton kanei, Trichophyton kuryangei, Trichophyton megninii, Trichophyton pedis, Trichophyton raubitschekii, Trichophyton rodhaini, Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton violaceum var. indicum, and Trichophyton yaoundei) were reclassified or synonymized as T. rubrum or T. violaceum.     

Structure and regulation of the HSP90 gene from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

Candida albicans HSP90 sequences were isolated by screening cDNA and genomic libraries with a probe derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, HSP82, which encodes a member of the heat shock protein 90 family of molecular chaperones. Identical sequences were obtained for the 2,197-bp overlap of the cDNA and gene sequences, which were derived from C. albicans 3153A and ATCC 10261, respectively. The C. albicans HSP90 gene contained no introns, and it showed strong homology (61 to 79% identity) to HSP90 sequences from other fungi, vertebrates, and plants. The C-terminal portion of the predicted Hsp90 amino acid sequence was identical to the 47-kDa protein which is thought to be immunoprotective during C. albicans infections (R. C. Matthews, J. Med. Microbiol. 36:367-370, 1992), confirming that this protein represents the C-terminal portion of the 81-kDa Hsp90 protein. Quantitative Northern (RNA) analyses revealed that C. albicans HSP90 mRNA was heat shock inducible and that its levels changed during batch growth, with its maximum levels being reached during the mid-exponential growth phase. HSP90 mRNA levels increased transiently during the yeast-to-hyphal transition but did not correlate directly with germ tube production per se. These data do not exclude a role for Hsp90 in the dimorphic transition. Southern blotting revealed only one HSP90 locus in the diploid C. albicans genome. Repeated attempts to disrupt both alleles and generate a homozygous C. albicans delta hsp90/delta hsp90 null mutant were unsuccessful. These observations suggest the existence of a single HSP90 locus which is essential for viability in C. albicans.