Treatment of tibial plateau fractures with high strength injectable calcium sulphate

The aim of this article is to discuss the clinical efficacy of high strength injectable calcium sulphate (MIIGX3) in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Thirty-one patients with tibial plateau fractures treated with MIIGX3 were included. Postoperative radiographic study was used to evaluate congruity of the articular surface, bone regrowth, and the absorption process of MIIGX3. Rasmussen’s score system was adapted for the postoperative knee function recovery assessment. Twenty-eight of 31 patients were followed-up successfully with an average follow-up length of 14.6 months. Complete fracture healing was found in all patients. Complications included wound exudation and articular subsidence. Postoperative knee function was good according to Rasmussen’s score system. Six months after surgery, radiographs demonstrated equivalent bone density in the previous area of MIIGX3 as that of surrounding cancellous bone. The use of MIIGX3 in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures provides adequate intraoperative stability and improves the safety of early knee motion.

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Résumé  Objectif: éva\luer l′efficacité d’un sulfate de calcium injectable MIIGX3 dans le traitement des fractures des plateaux tibiaux. Méthode: 31 patients présentant une fracture du plateau tibial ont été traités avec du MIIGX3. L’évaluation radiologique post-opératoire a analysé la continuité articulaire du plateau tibial, la reconstruction osseuse et l’absorption du sulfate de calcium. Le score de Rasmussen a permis d’évaluer la fonction post-opératoire de ces genoux. Résultats: 28 des 31 patients ont été suivis avec succès. Le suivi moyen a été de 14,6 mois. Une guérison complète de la fracture a été trouvée chez tous les patients. Les complications ont inclus les évacuations d’hématomes et les décrochages articulaires. En post-opératoire, la fonction du genou était bonne selon le score de Rasmussen. Six mois après la chirurgie, les radiographies ont montré une densité minérale osseuse équivalente à celle de l’os adjacent. En conclusion, l’utilisation de MIIGX3 dans le traitement des fractures des plateaux tibiaux permet d’obtenir une stabilité per-opératoire et d’améliorer les fonctions du genou.

     

Operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures in patients older than 55 years

Surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures in the older patient poses an additional challenge because of the underlying condition of the bone and articular surface. We sought to identify risk factors for poorer outcomes in the operative treatment of displaced tibial plateau fractures in older patients. Thirty-nine displaced tibial plateau fractures in patients 55 years and older were treated operatively. Patients were evaluated objectively with Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scoring techniques, and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and the Short-Form 36 self-assessment instruments. The Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scoring systems, used on average 2.54 years postoperatively, found acceptable results in 87.2% and 82.1% of patients, respectively. The fracture classification of Schatzker was not predictive of results. External fixation was associated with significantly poorer results. Increasing age was associated with poorer clinical and self-assessment scores, although preexisting degenerative joint disease was not. The results from the Short-Form 36 indices were not significantly worse for our study patients. The average Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment score of our study patients indicated poorer function for mobility than a normative group. Operative treatment of this injury in this population can result in favorable outcomes as evaluated by clinical, radiographic, and self-assessment criteria.     

Management of the Schatzker VI fractures with lateral locked screw plating

Complex proximal tibial plateau fractures need surgical treatment to achieve good clinical results. The treatment of this kind of fractures is often complicated either by the patient’s compromised general conditions, or by soft tissue damage. The locking plate combines the technical advantages of an angular stable plate with those of the modern biological plating technique. From December 2002 to December 2008 we treated 18 patients with complex fractures of the tibial plateau (Schatzker VI). All patients were treated with a fixed angle locking plate, 15 with the LISS (Less Invasive Stabilisation System) and 3 with ZPLT (Zimmer Periarticular Locking Plate system). Average time for full weight bearing was 16.2 weeks. In 3 cases we removed the fixation devices after healing because the patients didn’t tolerate the fixation devices. Two patients developed superficial infections that we treated with antibiotic therapy. In 2 cases the LISS plate broke because of pseudarthrosis at the diaphyseal level. To conclude, analysing the results we obtained, we consider that the LISS system is an extremely effective fixation device for the treatment of such difficult and complicated fractures as high energy tibial plateau fractures certainly are. Indirect reduction of the fracture, obtained either with an external fixator, or with traction, must precede the use of the fixation device. The failures, such as post-op malalignment or loss of reduction, are due to a wrong evaluation of the fracture morphology. In fact, comminuted fractures, dislocation and rotation of the medial tibial plateau cannot be stabilised just with lateral angular stable plates, but fixation of the medial tibial plateau must be performed first.     

Tibial shaft fractures in the adolescents: treatment outcomes and the risk factors for complications

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are common injuries in the adolescent age group. The optimal method of treatment in this age group is still controversial. It relies on several factors including patient's age, fracture pattern, fracture location, and the condition of the soft tissue envelope. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of adolescent tibial shaft fractures treatment at a level-I trauma center.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed consecutive patients between 10 and 18 years of age who suffered from tibial shaft fractures between 2009 and 2018 at a level-I trauma center. Outcomes of interest were the successful fracture union (primary outcome) as evaluated by the Radiographic Union Scale in Tibial fractures (RUST) and the complications (secondary outcomes).Results: Fifty-two consecutive adolescent patients treated for tibial shaft fractures using elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESIN), interlocking nails, plates and screws, external fixators, and casts were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 27.4 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the union rate and time to fracture union between the different treatment methods. Subject weight, fracture type, and method of treatment were significant predictors for the RUST scores at 12 weeks post-operative. Adolescents with heavier bodyweight correlated with lower RUST scores (p<0.001). Open fractures were associated with significantly longer time to union (p<0.001) and lower RUST scores (p<0.001) compared to closed fractures. The patients treated with interlocking nailing showed higher RUST scores than the casting treatment group (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates between the fixation methods. Union time was significantly longer with complications than without complications (p = 0.01). Open fractures had higher complication rates compared to closed fractures. In the multivariate logistic model, patients with open fracture were 5.5 times more likely to have complications (OR=5.46; p = 0.04).Conclusion: Tibial shaft fractures in adolescents can be treated with several methods including ESIN, interlocking nail, plate and screws, external fixation, and casting. All are valid treatments for adolescent tibial shaft fractures and can achieve favorable outcomes. No single treatment method applies to all patients. Each method has advantages, disadvantages, and specific indications.     

Complications and unplanned outcomes following operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures

IntroductionThe operative management of tibial plateau fractures is challenging and post-operative complications do occur. The purpose of this study was three-fold. 1). To report complications and unplanned outcomes in patients who had sustained tibial plateau fractures and were operatively managed 2). To report predictors of these post-operative events 3). To report if differences in clinical outcomes exist in patients who sustained a post-operative event.MethodsOver 11 years, all tibial plateau fractures were prospectively followed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the validated Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) score. Demographics, initial injury characteristics, surgical details and post-operative events were prospectively recorded. Student’s t-tests were used for continuous variables and chi-squared analysis was used for categorical variables. Binary logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were conducted for independent predictors of post-operative events and complications and functional outcomes, respectively.Results275 patients with 279 tibial plateau fractures were included in our analysis. Ten patients (3.6%) sustained a deep infection. Six patients (2.2%) developed a superficial infection. One patient (0.4%) presented with early implant failure. Two patients (0.7%) developed a fracture nonunion. Eight patients (2.9%) developed a venous thromboembolism. Seventeen patients (6.2%) went on to re-operation for symptomatic implant removal. Nine patients (3.3%) underwent a lysis of adhesions procedure. Univariate analysis demonstrated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (P < 0.001), Moore fracture-dislocations (P = 0.005), open fractures (P = 0.022), and compartment syndrome (P = 0.001) to be associated with post-operative complications and unplanned outcomes. Long-term functional outcomes were worse among patients who developed a post-operative complication or unplanned outcome (P = 0.031).ConclusionOrthopaedic trauma surgeons should be aware of complications and unplanned outcomes following operatively managed tibial plateau fractures, along with having the knowledge of factors that are associated with development of post-operative events.     

Surgical treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures by closed reduction and external fixation. A review of 32 consecutive cases operated

Abstract Complex tibial plateau fractures are a challenge in trauma surgery. In these fractures it is necessary to anatomically reduce the articular part of the fracture and to obtain stable fixation. The aim of this study is to review the results of a surgical technique consisting of fluoroscopic closed reduction and combined percutaneous internal and external fixation. Thirty-two complex tibial plateau fractures in 32 patients were included. Twenty-one fractures were closed, 4 were open Gustilo grade I, 3 were Gustilo grade II and 4 were Gustilo grade III. The mean age was 37.8 years (range 21–64 years). Surgery was performed with patients in transcalcaneal traction and the knee flexed at 30° was used. Through a 1-cm incision centred over the tibial metaphysis of the tibia, a 3.2-mm hole was drilled in the antero-medial tibial aspect. The tibial plateau fracture fragments were elevated using either 1 or 2 curved Kirschner wires under fluoroscopy to control the reduction. Then the fragments were fixed with 2 cannulated AO screws inserted through small incisions into the medial aspect of the tibial plateau. Knee rehabilitation started postoperatively. Weight bearing started after 8–12 weeks depending upon the radiographic appearance. All external fixators were removed in outpatient facilities. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 48 months (range 38–57 months). Clinical results were evaluated according to the Knee Society clinical score. Average healing time was 24 weeks (range 18–29 weeks). In 1 patient a non-union occurred. This patient was treated with open reduction and plate fixation. In 2 patients a varus knee deformity occurred and a surgical correction was performed. There were no surgical complications. Mean knee range of motion was 105° (range 75–125°) and mean Knee Society clinical score was 89. Twenty-five results were scored as excellent, 4 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. Using this technique there is limited soft tissue damage and virtually no periosteum damage to the fracture fragments. However anatomical reconstruction of the joint can be obtained. Furthermore knee rehabilitation can be started immediately after surgery. We think that these factors were responsible for the optimal clinical long-term results.     

Fractures of the femoral head: a long-term follow-up study

The femoral head fracture has become an increasingly frequent injury, usually sustained by individuals during high-energy trauma. Regardless of the type of treatment, long-term consequences, as avascular necrosis, post-traumatic arthritis, and heterotopic ossification, may complicate the clinical outcome leading to variable degree of disability. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and radiological long-term follow-up of patients with a fracture of the femoral head. Between January 1985 and January 2002, twenty-one patients with mean age 42.0 ± 15.9 years (range, 21–70 years) with a fracture of the femoral head were evaluated retrospectively. According to Pipkin’s classification, there were four type I, nine type II, and eight type IV fractures. Functional outcomes were measured using the Merle d’Aubigné-Postel and Thompson–Epstein scoring scale. Heterotopic calcifications was graded according to the Brooker classification. All patients were followed up from 12 to 210 months, with an average of 81.19 ± 37.4 months. The average Merle d’Aubigné-Postel score was 12.9 ± 4.5. According to the Thompson–Epstein criteria, eight patients had excellent results, eight patients good, two patients fair, and three patients poor results. Overall, almost all (95. 2%) patients were determined to have radiographic criteria of post-traumatic arthritis (PA). Ten patients (47.6%) had a mild PA, seven patients (33.3%) had a moderate PA, and three patients (14.2%) had a severe PA. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fragments provided better results in comparison to excision. Although degenerative changes of the hip were observed in almost all patients, most severe case occurred in the excision group.     

Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in the sporting adolescent

Introduction  The authors report 7 cases of acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures. The fracture occurred in 6 out of the 7, after an abrupt tension of the patellar tendon in male sporting adolescents (age 13–17 years). Two patients presented symptoms of homolateral Osgood-Schlatter’s disease before the lesion. Method  According to Ogden’s classification, the tibial tubercle avulsion fracture was not displaced in 3 cases (stage IA) and was treated conservatively by immobilization for 6 weeks. In 4 cases, the fracture was displaced and necessitated an internal fixation with plaster for about 6 weeks. A torn patellar tendon was noted in one adolescent having a stage IIIB avulsion fracture. Result  The mean follow-up was of 4.5 years (1.5–7.5 years). The results were satisfactory: complete functional recovery, resumption of sport at the previous level and absence of recurvatum.     

Epidemiology and outcomes of tibial plateau fractures in adults aged 60 and over treated in the United Kingdom

BackgroundTibial plateau fractures are common in older adults, often resulting from low-energy falls. Although lower limb fragility fracture care has evolved, the management of tibial plateau fractures in older patients remains poorly researched. This study aimed to define the epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of tibial plateau fractures in patients aged over 60 years.MethodologyPatients aged 60 years or older with a tibial plateau fracture who presented to a single trauma center between January 2008 and December 2018 were identified. Incomplete records were excluded. Epidemiological data, fracture classification, injury management, radiological outcomes, complications, and mortality were assessed via retrospective case note and radiograph review. Local ethics approval was obtained.ResultsTwo-hundred and twenty patients with a mean age of 74 years (range 60–100) were included. 73% were female and 71% of injuries were sustained following low-energy falls. Median follow up was three months. 50% of fractures involved the lateral plateau. 60% of injuries were treated non-operatively. 76% of patients had their weight-bearing restricted for the first six weeks, with little difference between operatively and non-operatively managed patients. 8% of all patients required subsequent knee replacement. All-cause mortality at 30-days and one-year were 2% and 5% respectively.ConclusionThe majority of tibial plateau fractures in the over 60s are sustained from low-energy trauma. Management is relatively conservative when compared with younger cohorts. The data reported brings up questions of whether surgical treatment is beneficial to this patient group, or whether restricted weight bearing is either possible or beneficial. Prospective, multi-center comparative trials are needed to determine whether increased operative intervention or different rehabilitation strategies purveys any patient benefit.     

Intra-articular tibial plateau fracture characteristics according to the “Ten segment classification”

BackgroundCurrently existing classifications of tibial plateau fractures do not help to guide surgical strategy. Recently, a segment-based mapping of the tibial plateau has been introduced in order to address fractures with a fracture-specific surgical approach. The goal of the present study was to analyze incidence and fracture specifics according to a new 10-segment classification of the tibial plateau.MethodsA total of 242 patients with 246 affected knees were included (124 females, 118 males, mean age 51.9 ± 16.1 years). Fractures were classified according to the OTA/AO classification. Fracture pattern was analyzed with respect to a 10-segment classification based on CT imaging of the proximal tibial plateau 3 cm below the articular surface.Results161 Patients suffered an OTA/AO type 41-B and 85 patients an OTA/AO type 41-C tibial plateau fracture. Females had an almost seven times higher risk to suffer a fracture due to low-energy trauma (OR 6.91, 95% CI (3.52, 13.54), p < 0.001) than males. In 34% of the patients with affection of the medial tibial plateau, a fracture comminution, primarily due to low-energy trauma (p < 0.001), was observed. In type B fractures, the postero-latero-lateral (65.2%), the antero-latero-lateral (64.6%) and the antero-latero-central (60.9%) segment were most frequently affected. Every second type C fracture showed an unique fracture line and zone of comminution. The tibial spine was typically involved (89.4%). A typical fracture pattern of high-energy trauma demonstrated a zone of comminution of the lateral plateau and a split fracture in the medial plateau. The most frequently affected segments were the postero-latero-central (85.9%), postero-central (84.7%), and antero-latero-central (78.8%) segment.ConclusionPosterior segments were the most frequently affected in OTA/AO type B and C fractures. Acknowledging the restricted visibility of posterior segments, whose reduction and fixation is crucial for long-term success, our findings implicate the use of posterior approaches more often in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Also, low-energy trauma was identified as an important cause for tibial plateau fractures.     

Classification of proximal tibial fractures in children

Purpose  To develop a classification system for all proximal tibial fractures in children that accounts for force of injury and fracture patterns. Methods  At our institution, 135 pediatric proximal tibia fractures were treated from 1997 to 2005. Fractures were classified into four groups according to the direction of force of injury: valgus, varus, extension, and flexion–avulsion. Each group was subdivided into metaphyseal and physeal type by fracture location and Salter–Harris classification. Also included were tibial tuberosity and tibial spine fractures. Results  Of the 135 fractures, 30 (22.2%) were classified as flexion group, 60 (44.4%) extension group, 28 (20.8%) valgus group, and 17 (12.6%) varus group. The most common type was extension-epiphyseal-intra-articular-tibial spine in 52 fractures (38.5%). This study shows that proximal tibial fractures are age-dependent in relation to: mechanism, location, and Salter–Harris type. In prepubescent children (ages 4–9 years), varus and valgus forces were the predominate mechanism of fracture creation. During the years nearing adolescence (around ages 10–12 years), a fracture mechanism involving extension forces predominated. With pubescence (after age 13 years), the flexion–avulsion pattern is most commonly seen. Furthermore, metaphyseal fractures predominated in the youngest population (ages 3–6 years), with tibial spine fractures occurring at age 10, Salter–Harris type I and II fractures at age 12, and Salter–Harris type III and IV physeal injuries occurring around age 14 years. Conclusion  We propose a new classification scheme that reflects both the direction of force and fracture pattern that appears to be age-dependent. A better understanding of injury patterns based on the age of the child, in conjunction with appropriate pre-operative imaging studies, such as computer-aided tomography, will facilitate the operative treatment of these often complex fractures.     

Open reduction and fixation of medial Moore type II fractures of the tibial plateau by a direct dorsal approach

Introduction  Moore type II Entire Condyle fractures of the tibia plateau represent a rare and highly unstable fracture pattern that usually results from high impact traumas. Specific recommendations regarding the surgical treatment of these fractures are sparse. We present a series of Moore type II fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation through a direct dorsal approach. Patients and methods  Five patients (3 females, 2 males) with Entire Condyle fractures were retrospectively analyzed after a mean follow-up period of 39 months (range 12–61 months). Patient mean age at the time of operation was 36 years (range 26–43 years). Follow-up included clinical and radiological examination. Furthermore, all patient finished a SF36 and Lysholm knee score questionnaire. Results  Average range of motion was 127/0/1° with all patients reaching full extension at the time of last follow up. Patients reached a mean Lysholm score of 81.2 points (range 61–100 points) and an average SF36 of 82.36 points (range 53.75–98.88 points). One patient sustained deep wound infection after elective implant removal 1 year after the initial surgery. Overall all patients were highly satisfied with the postoperative result. Conclusion  The direct dorsal approach to the tibial plateau represents an adequate method to enable direct fracture exposure, open reduction, and internal fixation in posterior shearing medial Entire Condyle fractures and is especially valuable when also the dorso-lateral plateau is depressed.     

后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的临床疗效,分析该类骨折形态、手术入路的选择以及对Schatzker分型的再认识。方法回顾分析2003年6月-2009年6月23例采用后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折患者的临床资料。男15例,女8例;年龄32～56岁,平均38岁。均为闭合性骨折。致伤原因:高处坠落伤5例,交通事故伤15例,运动损伤3例。骨折按Moore分型:Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅳ型4例。常规行膝关节正侧位X线片、CT扫描及三维重建。患者受伤至手术时间为3～14d,平均6d。结果骨折获解剖复位17例,一般复位6例。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。23例均获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均24个月。骨折于术后6～9个月达临床愈合,平均7.6个月。无神经、血管损伤、内固定失效、关节僵硬、创伤性骨关节炎、畸形愈合等并发症发生。末次随访时根据Rasmussen评分系统评定膝关节功能,获优14例,良7例,可2例,优良率为91.3%。结论胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折少见,有其独特的形态特点,Schatzker分型不能完全涵盖该类骨折。采用后方入路可在直视下复位关节面,固定牢靠,术后可早期行功能锻炼,并发症少,是较好的手术治疗方...     

Are frequent radiographs necessary in the management of closed forearm fractures in children?

Introduction  A prospective pooled case series was used to assess the value of frequent radiographic examinations during treatment of closed forearm fractures in children from major university pediatric medical centers in Israel and China. Methods  The sample consisted of 202 consecutive children (mean age 7 years; range 3–12 years) with closed forearm fractures treated nonoperatively. Children with open, growth-plate fractures or fractures associated with dislocation of the nearby joint (i.e., monteggia fractures) were excluded. In 28 children who had torus fractures, radiographic examination was performed at the time of cast removal, 3 weeks after the start of treatment. In 63 children who had stable fractures that did not require reduction (undisplaced or minimally displaced, complete or greenstick), radiographic examination was performed 1 week after the start of treatment and again at cast removal 4–6 weeks later. In the remaining 111 children with complete, displaced, or greenstick fractures (all with angulation of more than 15°) who underwent closed reduction, an additional X-ray was taken 2 weeks after cast placement. All children (except those with torus fractures) were followed clinically, without further radiographic examination, for 3 months after cast removal. Results  Radiographs at cast removal showed good union in all stable fractures, indicating that additional X-rays on cast removal would have had no added value. In the children with unstable fractures, only 9 showed redisplacement with angulation of more than 15° on repeated X-rays during the first 2 weeks after cast placement. All 9 underwent successful re-reduction. On clinical evaluation 3 months after cast removal, all patients in the sample had full range of elbow and forearm motion. Repeated fracture did not occur in any of the patients. Conclusions  On the basis of these results, radiographs are recommended 2 weeks after cast placement for greenstick or complete fractures. At the time of cast removal, if clinical examination does not show signs of nonunion or malalignment, no radiographic examination is necessary. Study conducted at The Shanghai Children’s Medical Center and Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel.     

Proximal tibial fractures: early experience using polyaxial locking-plate technology

Between 2004 and 2009, 60 patients with proximal tibial fractures were included in this prospective study. All fractures were treated with the polyaxial locked-plate fixation system (DePuy, Warsaw, IN, USA). Clinical and radiographic data, including fracture pattern, changes in alignment, local and systemic complications, hardware failure and fracture union were analysed. The mean follow-up was 14 (12–36) months. According to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) classification, there were five 41-A, 28 41-B and 27 41-C fractures. Fractures were treated percutaneously in 30% of cases. Double-plating was used in 11 cases. All but three fractures progressed to union at a mean of 3.2 (2.5–5) months. There was no evidence of varus collapse as a result of polyaxial screw failure. No plate fractured, and no screw cut out was noted. There was one case of lateral joint collapse (>10°) in a patient with open bicondylar plateau fracture. The mean Knee Society Score at the time of final follow-up was 91 points, and the mean functional score was 89 points. The polyaxial locking-plate system provided stable fixation of extra-articular and intra-articular proximal tibial fractures and good functional outcomes with a low complication rate.     

有限内固定联合外固定支架治疗Schatzker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨有限内固定联合外固定支架治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法手术治疗55例SchatzkerⅤ型(31例)和Ⅵ型(24例)胫骨平台骨折患者。术中先透视下闭合复位或辅以小切口复位胫骨平台内外侧髁,并给予螺钉固定,再应用外固定支架固定,对塌陷骨折撬拨复位人工骨填充。结果骨折解剖复位39例,近解剖复位16例。患者均获得随访,时间12~54个月。骨折愈合时间4~7个月。末次随访膝关节功能按Rasmussen评分标准:优32例,良15例,可7例,差1例,优良率85.5%。切口并发症7例(12.7%):其中切口浅表感染2例,钉道感染5例,未发生深部感染,骨髓炎及骨不连。结论有限内固定联合外固定支架治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折可获得满意临床疗效,具有创伤小、并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快等优点。     

改良前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折

目的 :探讨改良前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折的疗效。方法 :2011年2月至2013年1月,共收治13例单纯的胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折,男8例,女5例;年龄28~59岁,平均49.2岁。随访时检查膝关节功能,摄X线片,评估骨折愈合情况,记录随访过程中出现的并发症。采用Rasmussen放射学评分标准对骨折复位情况进行评估,根据末次随诊结果采用Rasmussen功能评分标准评定膝关节功能。结果:所有患者获随访,时间6~18个月,平均13.7个月;骨折愈合时间11~17周,平均15.1周。随访期间未见复位丢失,1例出现足背麻木,足背伸力及伸趾力减弱;1例出现切口红肿,少量淡黄色渗液,经扩大创口,引流换药后治愈。Rasmussen放射学评分13~18分,平均(16.50±0.67)分;Rasmussen功能评分13~30分,平均(25.20±2.21)分;膝关节活动度0°~135°,平均运动范围(125.3±9.3)°。结论:改良前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折,暴露充分,复位及固定满意,不会出现血管神经损伤,术后膝关节稳定性及功能恢复好。     

Outcomes after ORIF of Bicondylar Schatzker VI (AO type C) Tibial Plateau Fractures in an Elderly Population

BackgroundThe surgical management of bicondylar tibial plateau (BTP) fractures in elderly patients aims to restore knee stability while minimizing soft tissue complications. The purpose of this study was to compare injury characteristics and surgical outcomes after ORIF of BTP fractures (AO/OTA 41-C (Schatzker VI)) in young (< 50 years) versus elderly (> 65 years) patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from two American College of Surgeons (ACS) level I trauma centers. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age 18 years or older, (2) bicondylar tibial plateau fracture (AO/OTA 41-C or Schatzker VI), (3) treatment with ORIF, and (4) minimum of 6 months follow-up. Patients between 50 and 65 years of age were excluded. Data collection was performed by reviewing electronic medical records, operative reports, and radiology reports.ResultsWe identified 323 patients (61% male) with 327 BTP fractures and a median follow-up of 685 days. There were 230 young patients (71%) < 50 years and 93 elderly patients (29%) >6 5 years at time of presentation. Elderly patients were significantly more likely to have a low energy mechanism of injury (44.6 vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001), and present with diabetes (19.4 vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001) or coronary artery disease (12.9 vs. 1.3%, p < 0.001). Elderly patients were also significantly less likely to undergo staged management with initial knee-spanning external fixation followed by delayed ORIF (19.2 vs. 33.9%, p = 0.008). Elderly patients had a lower arc of motion at final follow-up (105 vs. 113°, p < 0.001) and reduced PROMIS-10 function scores (43.8 vs. 49.8, p = 0.013). No differences were observed in rates of superficial infection, deep infection, reoperation, or EQ-5D scores between age groups.ConclusionsThis is the largest study to compare injury characteristics and outcomes after ORIF of BTP fractures according to age. Elderly patients (age > 65 years) sustained BTP fractures by lower energy mechanisms than their younger counterparts with similar fracture patterns and were often managed with ORIF. The results of this study suggest that ORIF of BTP fractures in elderly patients is associated with similar complication rates and outcomes as in younger patients despite higher comorbidities and poorer bone quality in the elderly population.     

钢板结合髓内钉治疗胫骨单髁伴同侧胫骨干中、远段骨折

 目的 探讨钢板结合髓内钉治疗同侧胫骨平台单髁伴胫骨干中、远段骨折的可行性和临床疗效。方法 2003年 5月至 2008年11月,钢板结合髓内钉固定治疗胫骨平台单髁伴同侧胫骨干骨折21例,男15 例,女6 例;年龄20～55岁,平均34岁。按Schatzer分类,Ⅰ型4例、Ⅱ型11例、Ⅲ型6例。胫骨干骨折按部位分型,胫骨干中段骨折13例、中下1∕3骨折8例。复位后,先钢板固定胫骨平台再髓内钉固定胫骨干19例,先髓内钉固定胫骨干再钢板固定胫骨平台2例。结果 所有病均例获得随访,随访时间0.9～4年,平均2.2年。所有患者均获骨性愈合,胫骨平台平均愈合时间为12周;胫骨干骨折平均愈合时间为29周,3例患者胫骨干骨折延迟愈合,拆除交锁钉使之动力化后愈合。1例胫骨平台未能解剖复位导致骨折畸形愈合。根据HSS膝关节评分标准[2],优17例(80.95%)、良3例(14.29%)、中1例(4.76%)。结论 注意一些技术要点,应用两种熟悉的手术技巧,钢板结合髓内钉能够成功治疗胫骨平台单髁伴同侧胫骨干骨折。