长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

长链非编码RNA （IncRNA）是重要的基因表达调控因子,它广泛参与多种生理及病理过程.近年来研究证实IncRNA与肿瘤密切相关,并显露出作为肿瘤诊断和治疗新靶点的潜能.     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤相关性的研究进展

摘 要：长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是细胞中一类转录本长度大于200nt(核苷酸单位)的非编码RNA分子,其本身并不编码蛋白或很少有编码蛋白质的功能,且在哺乳动物基因组中普遍被转录。起初认为它是转录过程中的副产物,并不具有生物学功能。随着研究的进展,更多新的lncRNA被人们所认识,而且还发现其与物种进化、胚胎发育、物质代谢以及肿瘤发生等都有着密切的联系。近年来研究发现IncRNA在恶性肿瘤中有显著的组织特异性,并且在恶性肿瘤的临床诊断及预后判断中可能发挥重要作用。全文对LncRNAs在肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤中作用的研究及进展

作为转录产物的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA),在小鼠全cDNA文库的大规模基因测序中首次被描述。随着研究的深入,其重要功能逐渐为人们所认知。lncRNA不仅是一个简单的信使角色,更具有精细结构和重要的转录及信息储备功能。本文着重讨论目前对长链非编码RNA的认识以及长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用。     

曹雪涛院士科研团队论文荣膺中国百篇最具影响国际学术论文长链非编码RNA lnc-DC通过STAT3调控人DC的分化和功能

树突状细胞(DC)是免疫系统中重要的抗原提呈细胞,其成熟和功能状态决定着免疫应答的走向和强度.哺乳动物基因组能够转录产生大量的长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,IncRNA),其在免疫系统中的功能还知之甚少.     

头颈部肿瘤相关长链非编码RNA的研究进展

长链非编码RNA( lncRNA)是一类转录长度>200 nt的RNA分子,不编码蛋白. 近年来越来越多的研究证明lncRNA是多种肿瘤发生发展的关键调控因子,lncRNA靶向基因治疗有望成为肿瘤治疗的新途径. 目前关于头颈部肿瘤相关lncRNA的研究相对较少,本文将结合国内外最新研究文献,论述lncRNA在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展.     

循环长链非编码RNA在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non coding RNA,lncRNA),是一类长度超过200个核苷酸,无蛋白质编码功能的RNA分子.越来越多研究证实,lncRNA参与了消化道肿瘤的发生发展.近年来发现消化道肿瘤患者的血液循环中可检测到lncRNA,且这些lncRNA与肿瘤的性质和转归相关.由于取材方便,循环中的IncRNA容易检测,已有相关研究探讨循环中的lncRNA在消化道肿瘤中的价值.本文就消化道肿瘤循环中的lncRNA相关研究报道进行综述,旨在为循环中的lncRNA在消化道肿瘤中的诊断、疗效及预后判断提供线索.     

miRNA-122在肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展

微小RNA(miRNA)是一种小的非编码单链RNA,可以通过转录和翻译来调节机体内的各项生理活动,与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移、凋亡等过程密切相关.目前,抗肿瘤治疗的效果远不能令人满意,原因之一是人们对肿瘤发生机制的认识尚不足,且临床缺乏行之有效的肿瘤早期诊断手段,严重威胁患者的生命健康.研究发现,miRNA-122可能是一种潜在的对肿瘤发生发展具有抑制作用的RNA,通过调节肿瘤细胞中相应靶分子的表达,在促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞进展中发挥重要作用.本文就miRNA-122在肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展进行总结,旨在为肿瘤的治疗提供参考.     

RNA异常与肿瘤调控研究进展

肿瘤的发生是一个多因素、多步骤的过程,其根本原因是细胞稳态的失衡.近年研究发现,在肿瘤的发生、发展中除了蛋白质功能紊乱、DNA突变之外,还存在着大量RNA的异常,包括异常的microRNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,IncRNA)、循环RNA等;此外,肿瘤细胞中还存在RNA转录、加工及调控功能的异常,如RNA选择性剪接、RNA编辑、竞争性内源RNA调控等.这些非编码RNA可以在转录后水平及表观遗传学水平调控癌基因和抑癌基因的功能,影响肿瘤的发生和发展,是肿瘤诊断、治疗及预后判断的潜在靶标.竞争性内源RNA使得lncRNA与mRNA通过miRNA相互调控,以“miRNA结合位点”为媒介,形成RNA调控网络.RNA选择性剪接使得癌基因或抑癌基因产生功能异常的转录本,进而影响其生物学功能.肿瘤中究竟哪些机制导致这些RNA表达及功能的异常,RNA表达及功能的异常又如何影响肿瘤的发生和发展,有哪些表达或功能异常的RNA可以作为肿瘤诊断及预后判断的标志物,又有哪些RNA可以作为肿瘤靶向治疗的靶标?等等问题亟待深入探讨,RNA异常与肿瘤调控已成为肿瘤研究的前沿热点领域.     

长链非编码RNA与泌尿系肿瘤转移的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)是一种长度超过200 nt的有原始或是剪切转录本功能而不能编码蛋白质的RNA,它们并不匹配小分子RNA和结构RNA的已有概念.近年的研究表明,LncRNA的异常表达与多种泌尿系肿瘤的发生、发展有重要关联.事实上,从许多肿瘤标志物的研究中发现,泌尿系肿瘤的恶性表型由LncRNA控制,使其有希望成为未来泌尿系肿瘤的新型标志物和治疗靶点.尽管越来越多的研究显示了LncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的重要性,但目前还没有其与泌尿系肿瘤转移相关的系统评价,本文就LncRNA在泌尿系肿瘤转移中的研究作一综述.     

竞争性内源RNA与肿瘤病理机制

竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)是一类RNA分子的统称,包括mRNA、假基因、长非编码RNA(lncRNA)、环状RNA(circRNA).ceRNA通过竞争性结合共同的微小RNA(miRNA)而削弱其对mRNA翻译的抑制作用.多项研究已证实ceRNA失调与乳腺癌、胃癌、淋巴瘤等肿瘤发生密切相关.随着ceRNA的研究深入,其或可作为肿瘤的临床诊断标志及治疗靶点.     

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in digestive system carcinomas

In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent evidences suggest that lncRNAs play a very important role in digestive system carcinomas. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in the vast majority of digestive system carcinomas remains unclear. Recently, increasing studies has begun to explore their molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks that they are implicated in tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional role of lncRNAs in digestive system carcinomas. It is becoming clear that lncRNAs will be exciting and potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas, some of these lncRNAs might function as both diagnostic markers and the treatment targets of digestive system carcinomas.     

长链非编码RNA 与胃癌诊断预后及耐药性研究进展*

长链非编码RNA（longnon-codingRNA ,lncRNA）是一组长度超过200bp的非编码RNA。其缺少完整蛋白编码功能,具有调控基因表达作用。近年来研究发现,lncRNA 与胃癌的诊断、预后及耐药性密切相关。本文结合国内外最新报道,对ln ?cRNA 在胃癌的诊断,预后及耐药性方面的研究进展做一综述。      

长链非编码RNA与HIPPO通路相互作用在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展#br#

【摘要】长链非编码RNA (lncRNA) 是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码 RNA,在染色体修饰、转录调控以及转录后加工的水平调控基因的表达,从而影响肿瘤细胞的发生、发展。HIPPPO信号通路是一条进化上十分保守的信号通路,近年来被发现在调控细胞生长、凋亡及组织器官大小等方面起重要作用,且与肿瘤关系密切,lncRNA与HIPPO通路的相互作用对消化系统肿瘤的增殖、迁移、侵袭和耐药性等方面产生重要影响。文章对lncRNA与HIPPO通路在消化系统肿瘤中的相互作用机制进行总结,旨在为消化系统肿瘤的个体化治疗寻找新的治疗靶点。     

Non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) and their roles in lymphogenesis in all types of lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies

Contemporary developments in molecular biology have been combined with discoveries on the analysis of the role of all non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human diseases, particularly in cancer, by examining their roles in cells. Currently, included among these common types of cancer, are all the lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies, which represent a diverse group of neoplasms and malignant disorders. Initial data suggest that non-coding RNAs, particularly long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play key roles in oncogenesis and that lncRNA-mediated biology is an important key pathway to cancer progression. Other non-coding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), are very promising cancer molecular biomarkers. They can be detected in tissues, cell lines, biopsy material and all biological fluids, such as blood. With the number of well-characterized cancer-related lncRNAs and miRNAs increasing, the study of the roles of non-coding RNAs in cancer is bringing forth new hypotheses of the biology of cancerous cells. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the present review provides an up-to-date summary of the recent literature referring to all diagnosed ncRNAs that mediate the pathogenesis of all types of lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies.     

The non-coding transcriptome as a dynamic regulator of cancer metastasis

Since the discovery of microRNAs, non-coding RNAs (NC-RNAs) have increasingly attracted the attention of cancer investigators. Two classes of NC-RNAs are emerging as putative metastasis-related genes: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). LncRNAs orchestrate metastatic progression through several mechanisms, including the interaction with epigenetic effectors, splicing control and generation of microRNA-like molecules. In contrast, snoRNAs have been long considered “housekeeping” genes with no relevant function in cancer. However, recent evidence challenges this assumption, indicating that some snoRNAs are deregulated in cancer cells and may play a specific role in metastasis. Interestingly, snoRNAs and lncRNAs share several mechanisms of action, and might synergize with protein-coding genes to generate a specific cellular phenotype. This evidence suggests that the current paradigm of metastatic progression is incomplete. We propose that NC-RNAs are organized in complex interactive networks which orchestrate cellular phenotypic plasticity. Since plasticity is critical for cancer cell metastasis, we suggest that a molecular interactome composed by both NC-RNAs and proteins orchestrates cancer metastasis. Interestingly, expression of lncRNAs and snoRNAs can be detected in biological fluids, making them potentially useful biomarkers. NC-RNA expression profiles in human neoplasms have been associated with patients’ prognosis. SnoRNA and lncRNA silencing in pre-clinical models leads to cancer cell death and/or metastasis prevention, suggesting they can be investigated as novel therapeutic targets. Based on the literature to date, we critically discuss how the NC-RNA interactome can be explored and manipulated to generate more effective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for metastatic neoplasms.     

Construction and analysis of lncRNA-lncRNA synergistic networks to reveal clinically relevant lncRNAs in cancer

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in diverse biological processes. Moreover, the development and progression of cancer often involves the combined actions of several lncRNAs. Here we propose a multi-step method for constructing lncRNA-lncRNA functional synergistic networks (LFSNs) through co-regulation of functional modules having three features: common coexpressed genes of lncRNA pairs, enrichment in the same functional category and close proximity within protein interaction networks. Applied to three cancers, we constructed cancer-specific LFSNs and found that they exhibit a scale free and modular architecture. In addition, cancer-associated lncRNAs tend to be hubs and are enriched within modules. Although there is little synergistic pairing of lncRNAs across cancers, lncRNA pairs involved in the same cancer hallmarks by regulating same or different biological processes. Finally, we identify prognostic biomarkers within cancer lncRNA expression datasets using modules derived from LFSNs. In summary, this proof-of-principle study indicates synergistic lncRNA pairs can be identified through integrative analysis of genome-wide expression data sets and functional information.     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是肿瘤微环境重要组成部分,极化亚型影响肿瘤进展过程。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)不编码蛋白质,但是同样参与生物学过程,异常表达的lncRNA影响生理和病理进程,尤其对肿瘤发展有重要调控作用。癌症中一些异常表达的lncRNA直接或者间接影响巨噬细胞极化亚型调控肿瘤发展进程,lncRNA和巨噬细胞之间调节机制尚未清楚。lncRNA同肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可作为肿瘤潜在靶点和治疗中间物。本文将对在肿瘤中相互作用的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与长链非编码RNA调控肿瘤进展过程进行综述。