左旋门冬酰胺酶与盐霉素联合作用对急性T淋巴细胞白血病Jurkat细胞株增殖凋亡的影响

 目的：研究左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-asparaginase,L-ASP）与盐霉素（salinomycin,Sal）联合作用对急性T淋巴细胞白血病Jurkat细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法：CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖情况;Western blotting方法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9及细胞色素C表达的变化;流式细胞术分析各实验组细胞凋亡率之间的差别。结果：不同浓度的L-ASP和Sal单独处理Jurkat细胞株后均显示出明显的增殖抑制作用,L-ASP的IC50为812 IU/L,Sal 的IC50为0.75 μmol/L。而两药联合使用的增殖抑制作用更显著（P<0.05）;合用指数计算公式结果显示两药为协同作用。Western blotting 显示联合用药组与L-Asp、Sal单独处理组相比,Bcl-2蛋白表达明显减少,caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9和胞浆细胞色素C水平明显增高;干预48 h后行流式细胞术检测结果显示L-ASP（25 IU/L）单独处理组和Sal（0.5μmol/L）单独处理组细胞凋亡率分别为（7.11±0.23）%和（25.43±047）%,与对照组（6.67±0.13）%比较差别有统计学意义（P＜0.05),联合用药组细胞凋亡率（39.12±1.97）%分别与L-ASP、Sal单独处理组比较,差别有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。结论：左旋门冬氨酸酶与盐霉素联合作用于Jurkat细胞具有协同抑制增殖和诱导凋亡的作用。     

TRAIL联合水飞蓟素对人肝癌Huh7细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)联合水飞蓟素(Sili)对人肝癌Huh7细胞凋亡的影响。方法 CCK8法检测细胞增殖抑制;分光光度法检测细胞caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9相对活性;Western blot检测细胞表面死亡受体4(DR4)、死亡受体5(DR5)的表达。结果 Sili与TRAIL联合作用Huh7细胞后,联合用药组与对照组及单独用药组相比,Huh7细胞的增殖率明显下降;caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9的相对活性明显提高。Sili作用Huh7细胞后能明显提高DR4、DR5蛋白表达。结论 Sili可通过上调死亡受体DR4、DR5表达而促进TRAIL诱导的Huh7细胞凋亡,为肝细胞癌的临床治疗提供了新的思路和方法。     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血单个核细胞中TRAIL、c-FLIP 等表达水平及临床意义

目的:分析类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血单个核细胞中肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体TRAIL、c-FLIP、Caspase-8等基因表达情况,探讨其在RA中的临床意义,为RA的临床诊治寻找更有效的途径和方法提供实验基础。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测外周血单个核细胞肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体TRAIL、c-FLIP、caspase-8 mRNA 表达水平;采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测PBMC 中TRAIL、c-FLIP、caspase-8 蛋白表达水平。结果:各组RA 患者PBMC 的TRAIL、c-FLIP、Caspase-8 的mRNA 表达水平:中活动组(M)中TRAIL的mRNA为(3.26±0.78),高于健康对照(N)(1.30±0.20,P=0.028)。低活动组(L)和高活动组(H)(1.56±0.37、1.83±0.26),略高于健康对照(N)(P=0.048、0.043);L、M、H 组c-FLIP mRNA相对表达量分别为1.27±0.28,1.32±.34,1.93±0.40,均高于N组1.08±0.12(P 分别为0.035、0.034、0.030),差异有统计学意义;caspase-8 mRNA L、M、H 组中分别为(2.77±0.97)、(4.52±0.85)、(2.13±0.44),均高于N 组(1.04±0.13,P=0.023,0.012,0.032)。RA 患者PBMC 中TRAIL、c-FLIP、caspase-8 蛋白表达:M 组TRAIL 蛋白表达明显高于N 组(P=0.013 ),H 组稍高于N 组(P=0.043),L组与N组无明显统计学差异(P=0.058),M 组明显高于L、H 组(P=0.011,0.021);c=FLIP 蛋白表达中M组明显高于N 组(P<0.01),而L、H 组与N 组无显著差异(P =0.062,0.053);L 组表达与N 组无显著差异(P>0.05),而M、H组caspase-8 蛋白表达明显高于N 组(P=0.003,0.001)。结论:在RA 的不同活动期中,外周血单个核细胞TRAIL、c-FLIP 和Caspase-8 等表达水平总体趋势增加,可为RA 的临床诊治及后续研究提供实验参考。     

TRAIL联合紫杉醇诱导胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡作用研究

目的:观察紫杉醇联合肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的作用及其协同作用机制。方法:将TRAIL、紫杉醇及TRAIL联合紫杉醇诱导SGC-7901细胞48小时,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率和线粒体跨膜电位的改变;用MTT法检测SGC-7901细胞增殖反应;用免疫印迹(Westernblot)法检测TRAIL死亡受体DR4(TRAIL-R1)、DR5(TRAIL-R2)的表达变化。结果:TRAIL和/或紫杉醇对SGC-7901细胞增殖有抑制作用,两者联合用药组对细胞增殖的抑制率较单独用药明显增加(P<0.01);联合用药组细胞凋亡率较单独用药组明显增加(P<0.01);0.3μmol/L紫杉醇作用48小时后,DR4表达明显升高(P<0.05),而DR5表达没有明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:紫杉醇可协同TRAIL诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡,DR4表达增加可能是其协同作用的机制。     

交联抗人DR5单抗诱导的Jurkat细胞凋亡的信号转导

目的探讨抗肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）的死亡受体5（DR5）单抗——YM366EC对Jurkat细胞增殖的影响，阐明抗DR5抗体的抗肿瘤效应机制。方法MTF方法检测抗体对Jurkat细胞存活率，FrlE—AnnexinV／PI标记流式细胞仪检测交联YM366EC对Jurkat细胞凋亡率影响。交联YM366EC作用于Jurkat细胞2、4、6、8、10、12h收集细胞，提取蛋白Westernblot检测Bcl-2、Cyt—C、Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Bax、Caspase-9的变化。结果抗DR5抗体单独应用不能抑制高表达DR5分子的Jurkat细胞增殖，但应用抗小鼠IgG交联DR5抗体后可直接诱导TRAIL敏感的Jurkat细胞凋亡改变。并且Westernblot检测到随着抗体诱导时间的延长Jurkat细胞Bel-2蛋白表达减少；Cyt—C、Bax，有活性的Caspase-8、Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白的表达增加。结论交联抗DR5抗体YM366EC对Jur—kat细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用，诱导的Jurkat细胞凋亡的分子机制涉及到Cyt-C、Bax、Caspase．8、Caspase-3、Caspase-9。     

Manumycin诱导细胞凋亡抑制乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3活性

目的:研究manumycin对乳腺癌腹腔转移癌细胞株SK-BR-3的抑癌效应及其诱导凋亡。方法:用MTT法检测manumycin对SK-BR-3细胞的抑癌作用。免疫印迹方法检测p38 MAPK蛋白表达。用caspase-3活性检测试剂盒定量检测manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的水平及评估特异性的p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对凋亡的影响。结果:经6 μmol/L、18 μmol/L、54 μmol/L manumycin处理SK-BR-3细胞24 h时,其抑制率分别为(7.4±3.9)%、(21.0±4.4)%和(64.7±4.1)%,呈量效关系。其中后2者的细胞活性与对照组比有显著差异(P<0.01)。用药24 h的IC₅₀为42.5 μmol/L。同时此药物可明显增加caspase-3的活性,且这一效应可部分地被p38抑制剂SB203580阻断。免疫印迹结果显示manumycin促进p38的磷酸化。结论:manumycin可通过诱导SK-BR-3细胞凋亡而产生抑癌作用,p38 MAPK是manumycin诱导细胞凋亡的通路之一。     

地塞米松影响小鼠胸腺细胞c-Myc表达以及凋亡研究

目的: 研究在地塞米松(DEX)诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡过程中c-Myc信号变化特点及其与下游caspase-3变化的相关性,以进一步探讨c-Myc在小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡过程中的作用机制。方法:以终浓度1 μmol/L地塞米松诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡,通过Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术测定30 min、3 h、6 h和9 h凋亡和坏死细胞比率,在6 h时点电镜观察细胞形态,利用SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测0 min、30 min、1 h和3 h细胞内c-Myc和caspase-3信号变化特点。结果:在1μmol/L DEX诱导下,小鼠胸腺细胞在30 min、3 h、6 h和9 h凋亡比率分别为(5.70±0.46)%、(35.79±1.13)%、(50.61±2.15)%和(35.52±1.66)%,对照组分别为(5.97±0.25)%、(10.20±0.71)%、(12.10±0.66)%和(15.45±0.51)%,组间差异显著(P＜0.01)。相应DEX组坏死比率分别为(4.58±0.51)%、(4.66±0.67)%、(25.36±1.64)%和(46.99±2.67)%,对照组分别为(4.38±0.39)%、(4.19±0.73)%、(9.63±1.25)%和(13.38±0.72)%,组间差异显著(P＜0.01);电镜观察结果显示DEX处理6 h见较多典型凋亡细胞。对照组在0 min即可检测到c-Myc的明显表达,30 min略见增多,1 h和3 h呈微弱的下降趋势;DEX组c-Myc在0 min表达强于对照组,30 min最强,而在1 h和3 h显著减弱;对照组caspase-3随培养时间延长而逐渐增多,而DEX组caspase-3在0 min表达增多,30 min最多,而在1 h和3 h显著减少。结论:本研究结果提示DEX诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡呈现c-Myc介导的细胞凋亡模式,而且在该过程中c-Myc和caspase-3信号存在着反馈抑制调节的可能性。     

抗DR5单抗增强顺铂诱导HeLa细胞凋亡作用的研究

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TRAIL)主要通过死亡受体5(death recep- tor,DR5)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。本文旨在探讨顺铂对HeLa细胞表面DR5分子表达影响及抗DR5单抗mDRA-6对顺铂诱导HeLa细胞凋亡增强作用。用间接免疫荧光染色结合流式细胞术分析DR5分子表达;MTT法检测HeLa细胞毒作用;用AnnexinV/PI双染试剂盒检测细胞凋亡率;荧光显微镜观察凋亡细胞的形态学改变。结果:正常HeLa细胞表面DR5表达量为30.01%,顺铂不能上调HeLa细胞表面DR5表达;mDRA-6可以明显提高顺铂对HeLa细胞的细胞毒作用,且存在剂量效应关系。IC_(50)值约为12.5μg/ml。研究结果表明,mDRA-6能够明显增强顺铂对HeLa细胞的细胞毒及细胞凋亡作用。     

抗人DR5单抗致白血病U937细胞凋亡的作用机制

目的探讨鼠抗人DR5单克隆抗体(mDRA-6)对白血病细胞U937凋亡诱导作用及机制。方法 MTT法、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测mDRA-6对U937细胞的生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,Western blotting检测caspase8、10、3、9及Cytochome C在U937细胞凋亡过程中的表达及激活情况;选用caspase8、10、3抑制剂预处理U937细胞,观察是否抑制mDRA-6对U937细胞的凋亡诱导作用。结果MTT结果显示:10mg/L的mDRA-6作用U937细胞24h,细胞死亡率为61.09%,呈时间、浓度依赖性;流式细胞仪检测显示mDRA-6作用4h,细胞凋亡率为69.03%;Western blotting结果显示caspase10、3、9及Cytochome C均有活性片断表达,而caspase8无明显激活;caspase10和caspase3抑制剂部分抑制mDRA-6的凋亡诱导作用,caspase8抑制剂作用不明显。结论抗人DR5单克隆抗体mDRA-6通过死亡受体和线粒体途径诱导白血病U937细胞凋亡。     

雷利度胺单独及联合硼替佐米抑制KM3细胞生长、诱导凋亡的机制研究

目的: 观察雷利度胺(lenalidomide)单药及联合硼替佐米(bortezomib)诱导多发性骨髓瘤(MM)KM3细胞凋亡的作用,并初步探讨其机制。方法: 应用台盼蓝拒染法检测单药雷利度胺及与bortezomib联合对KM3细胞生长抑制的影响;应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;应用RT-PCR方法检测p65 mRNA的表达情况;应用Western blotting检测P65(protein 65)、pP65(phosphorylated p65)、PARP 及caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白的表达变化。结果: 雷利度胺可以抑制KM3细胞生长,抑制p65 mRNA及其蛋白的表达,并激活caspase-8、-3及PARP,诱导细胞凋亡。雷利度胺与bortezomib联合时有协同促细胞凋亡作用。结论: 雷利度胺单独作用于KM3细胞可以抑制其生长并诱导细胞凋亡,与bortezomib联用时有协同效应。     

TRAIL triggers apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

Many malignant glioma cells express death receptors for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), yet some of these cells are resistant to TRAIL. Here, we examined signaling events in TRAIL-induced apoptosis and searched for therapeutic agents that could overcome TRAIL resistance in glioma cells. TRAIL induced apoptosis through death receptor 5 (DR5) and was mediated by caspase-8-initiated extrinsic and intrinsic mitochondrial pathways in sensitive glioma cell lines. TRAIL also triggered apoptosis in resistant glioma cell lines through the same pathways, but only if the cells were pretreated with chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin, camptothecin and etoposide. Previous studies suggested that this was due to an increase in DR5 expression in wild-type TP53 cells, but this mechanism did not account for cells with mutant TP53. Here, we show that a more general effect of these agents is to downregulate caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIP(S) (the short form of cellular Fas-associated death domain-fike interleukin-1-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein) and up-regulate Bak, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, independently of cell's TP53 status. Furthermore, we showed that TRAIL alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, induced apoptosis in primary tumor cultures from patients with malignant gliomas, reinforcing the potential of TRAIL as an effective therapeutic agent for malignant gliomas.     

重组人可溶性TRAIL的制备及其联合硼替佐米诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡作用

目的:构建重组人肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TRAIL)原核表达质粒p ET-28a(+)-TRAIL114-281,优化蛋白表达和纯化条件,制备重组人可溶性TRAIL并鉴定其活性。方法:使用CCK-8初步验证TRAIL是否具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的生物活性;将制备的TRAIL单独或联合50 nmol/L硼替佐米应用于H460细胞(对TRAIL敏感)和K562细胞(对TRAIL抵抗)24 h,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,比色法检测caspase-8、-9、-3的活化程度,Western blot分析细胞中Bax、Bcl-2和c FLIP蛋白的表达。流式细胞术检测硼替佐米处理H460细胞和K562细胞24 h后DR4和DR5的表达量变化。结果:制备了具有生物学活性且性质稳定的重组人可溶性TRAIL,且成功诱导H460和K562细胞凋亡。不同浓度TRAIL处理H460细胞后其凋亡率随着TRAIL浓度升高而显著升高(P0.05),但K562细胞凋亡率并未随着TRAIL浓度明显升高。联合用药组的H460和K562细胞凋亡率均显著高于单独用药组(P0.05),凋亡过程中caspase-8、-9、-3均被活化,药物处理组的Bcl-2和c FLIP表达量均比对照组下降,尤其联合用药组表达量下降最为显著(P0.05),而Bax表达量无明显变化。硼替佐米处理H460和K562细胞后DR4和DR5表达量均上调(P0.05)。结论:硼替佐米能协同TRAIL启动内源性凋亡途径诱导H460和K562细胞凋亡,其可能机制是通过上调死亡受体DR4和DR5的表达量、下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和c FLIP的表达量来实现的。     

Protective effect of RIP and c-FLIP in preventing liver cancer cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL

TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that can induce tumor selective death by up-regulating death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5 expression. The study aimed to explore the role of RIP and c-FLIP genes in TRAIL induced liver cancer cell HepG2 and Hep3B apoptosis and related mechanism. RIP and c-FLIP silenced HepG2 and Hep3B cell model were established through siRNA. Western blot was applied to test c-FLIP, RIP, DR4, DR5, FADD, Caspase-3/8/9, ERK1/2, and DFF45 protein expression. Caspase-8 kit was used to detect Caspase-8 expression. Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell apoptosis rate. Acid phosphatase method was applied to determine cell cycle. TRAIL had no significant effect on Caspase-3/8/9, DR4, DR5, ERK1/2, and DFF45 protein expression, but up-regulated c-FLIP and RIP protein expression and reduced FADD expression level. After treated by the chemotherapy drug mitomycin and adriamycin, c-FLIP and RIP expression decreased significantly, while FADD increased. After knockout c-FLIP and RIP gene, HepG2 and Hep3B cell apoptosis rate induced by TRAIL increased obviously. Meanwhile, cell subG1 percentage increased markedly and exhibited G1 phase growth retardation. In addition, after two kinds of gene knockout, Caspase-8 was activated and produce Caspase-3 P20 and P24, leading DFF45 appeared DNA fragment P17 and P25. c-FLIP and RIP can inhibit Caspase-8 activation and prompting HepG2 and Hep3B resistant to cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL.     

欧前胡素通过上调细胞表面死亡受体5的数量增强TRAIL对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性

目的:探讨中药活性成分欧前胡素对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)的协同抗乳腺癌效应及分子机制。方法:将人乳腺癌细胞T-47D和MCF-7按对照组、欧前胡素组、TRAIL组、欧前胡素+TRAIL组及欧前胡素+TRAIL+死亡受体5(DR5)siRNA组进行分组,MTT法检测T-47D和MCF-7细胞活力,流式细胞术检测T-47D细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位,Western blot实验和流式细胞术检测T-47D细胞表面DR5的表达水平及caspase-8、caspase-3的活化水平。结果:MTT实验结果显示,欧前胡素联合用药能显著提高各浓度TRAIL对T-47D和MCF-7细胞的杀伤活性;流式细胞术和Western blot结果显示欧前胡素处理能显著提高T-47D细胞DR5的表达水平和活性氧簇产生水平(P0.05)。另外,流式细胞术和Western blot结果还显示,欧前胡素联合用药能显著增强TRAIL促进T-47D细胞线粒体膜电位损伤、caspase-8和caspase-3活化及凋亡的作用。结论:欧前胡素通过上调乳腺癌细胞DR5的表达水平发挥对TRAIL的协同抗乳腺癌效应。     

Actinomycin D enhances TRAIL-induced caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted great attention as a promising anti-cancer reagent. Recombinant soluble TRAIL (rsTRAIL) derivatives induce apoptosis in various cancer cells, but not in most normal cells. However, a number of cancerous cell types are resistant to TRAIL cytotoxicity, limiting its application in cancer therapy. In the present study, we report that actinomycin D (Act D) pretreatment increases apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with rsTRAIL. Both caspase-9 and caspase-7, but not caspase-3, were activated during the apoptosis process. z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, only partially suppressed apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that the Act D-enhanced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y occurred via caspase-dependent and -independent manners. In cells pretreated with Act D, we found decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and up-regulated apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF). Cell death was blocked in cells stably transfected with AIF-siRNA plasmid. Taken together, these data indicate that Act D sensitizes SH-SY5Y cells to rsTRAIL-induced apoptosis via caspase activation, impairment of the mitochondrial membrane, release of ROS, and up-regulation of AIF expression. This study provides a novel strategy for the therapy of malignant neuroblastoma resistant to rsTRAIL cytotoxicity.     

Apo2L/TRAIL-dependent recruitment of endogenous FADD and caspase-8 to death receptors 4 and 5

Fas (APO-1/CD95) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) trigger apoptosis by recruiting the apoptosis initiator caspase-8 through the adaptor FADD. Fas binds FADD directly, whereas TNFR1 binds FADD indirectly, through TRADD. TRADD alternatively recruits the NF-kappaB-inducing adaptor RIP. The TNF homolog Apo2L/TRAIL triggers apoptosis through two distinct death receptors, DR4 and DR5; however, receptor over-expression studies have yielded conflicting results on the ligand's signaling mechanism. Apo2L/TRAIL induced homomeric and heteromeric complexes of DR4 and DR5 and stimulated recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 and caspase-8 activation in nontransfected cells. TRADD and RIP, which bound TNFR1, did not bind DR4 and DR5. Thus, Apo2L/TRAIL and FasL initiate apoptosis through similar mechanisms, and FADD may be a universal adaptor for death receptors.     

Interactive effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors and TRAIL on apoptosis in human leukemia cells: involvement of both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways

In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the interactive effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), MS-275, m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (CBHA), and trichostatin-A (TSA)] and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis in leukemia cells. HDAC inhibitors enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in leukemia cells (HL60, Jurkat, K562, and U937) through multiple mechanisms; up-regulation of DR4, DR5, Bak, Bax, Bim, Noxa and PUMA, down-regulation of IAPs, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and cFLIP, release of mitochondrial proteins (cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO and Omi/Htr2) to the cytosol, induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The sequential treatment of cells with HDAC inhibitors followed by TRAIL was more effective in inducing apoptosis than the concurrent treatment or single agent alone. The up-regulation of death receptors and inhibition of cFLIP by HDAC inhibitors will increase the ability of TRAIL to induce apoptosis, due to enhance activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid, and release of mitochondrial proteins to the cytosol, and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and TRAIL can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of leukemia.