西妥昔单抗治疗胃癌致毛发生长改变二例

例1患者女,49岁.2003年3月10日行胃窦癌根治术,术后病理提示为浸润犁低分化腺癌.2003年4月17日至7月2日行DF方案辅助化疗3个周期.2007年5月胃镜检查提示肿瘤复发,5月30日行剖腹探查术,术中发现吻合口肿瘤复发,包绕胰头、肝十二指肠韧带,无法行手术切除.2007年7月13日起在我院行顺铂+希罗达+西妥昔单抗联合治疗,顺铂80 mg/m2,第1天;希罗达2000 mg/m2,第1～14天;西妥昔单抗每周250 mg/m2(首次400 mg/m2);21 d为1个周期.西妥昔单抗治疗6周后,患者鼻翼两侧及唇周出现多毛症状,眉毛变浓密.     

恩度联合含培美曲塞方案治疗复发耐药骨肉瘤2例

例1,男,20岁。患者2004年5月因右胫骨近端骨肉瘤在外院行右大腿中段截肢术,术后化疗6个周期（IEP：IFO2.0g d1～3＋THP40mg d1＋DDP20mg d1～3,1个周期,MTX8gd1＋DDP80mg d15＋THP20mg d15,d16,d17,5个周期）,化疗不良反应较重,患者难以耐受。于化疗后2005年6月开始予CTK细胞、IL-2生物治疗。2005年8月中旬出现咳嗽、咯血,胸片及CT示右下肺肿块约6cm×7cm,考虑肺转移。分别于2005年8月和12月在外院行射频消融治疗。治疗后患者咳嗽症状一直未能缓解,多次复查CT示右肺多发转移瘤,肿块较以前增多、增大。[第一段]     

食管癌CARBO联合DDP与5-FU新辅助化疗的疗效分析

为了观察CARBO＋DDP＋5-FU方案新辅助化疗对N1期食管癌的疗效，对32例入组的N1期食管癌患者应用CPF方案：CARBO300mg／m^2，静脉滴入，d1；DDP25mg／m^2，静脉滴入，d2～d5；5-FU500mg／m^2，静脉滴入，d1～d4。21d为1个周期，治疗2个周期后评价疗效和毒性，所有患者均接受行外科手术治疗。结果：CPF方案的客观有效率为71．9％（23／32）；毒副反应主要为恶心、呕吐和骨髓抑制；病理缓解的总有效率为62．3％（20／32）。术后1年生存率为78．1％（25／32）；中位生存期为27个月。初步研究结果提示，对于N1期食管癌患者，术前新辅助应用CPF方案是个较好的综合治疗方案，值得进一步探讨。     

胃癌术后继发淋巴肉瘤细胞性白血病1例

1　病例介绍患者 ,男性 ,73岁。因上腹痛 1月于1996年 11月入我院。查体 :心、肺、腹无异常。胃镜示胃癌。行胃癌根治术 ,术后病检示胃窦大弯侧低分化腺癌 ,侵及浆膜 ,伴胃大弯淋巴结转移。诊断为胃癌T4N1 M0 - 期。术后 3月行 FAM方案(5 - Fu 1.0 g,静滴 ,d1 ～ d5 ,ADM 5 0 mg,静滴 ,d1 ,MM 8mg,静滴 ,d1 ～ d8)化疗 3周期 ,1997年 9月～ 12月又行 VP1 6 10 0mg,d1 ～ d3 天静滴 ,5 - Fu 1.0 g静滴 ,d1～ d3,CF 2 0 0 mg,d1 ～ d3 静滴化疗 3周期后停止化疗。 1999年 3月无诱因出现关昏、乏力 ,血象 :白细胞 2 .6× 10 9/ L ,N38…     

时辰化疗治疗初治远处转移鼻咽癌的临床研究*

目的:研究TPF（多西他赛+ 顺铂+ 5- 氟脲嘧啶）方案时辰化疗较常规化疗治疗初治远处转移鼻咽癌在减轻毒性、降低免疫功能损害方面是否具有优势。方法:选取贵州省肿瘤医院2012年12月至2014年10月46例初治远处转移（UICC2010分期Ⅳc 期）鼻咽癌患者入组。随机分为时辰组23例及常规组23例。均采用TPF 方案诱导化疗2 个周期,21~ 28d/ 周期。时辰组:DTX 75mg/m2静滴3～4 hd1（DDP 前使用）;DDP 75mg/m2持续静脉泵入d1～5,10am～10pm;5-FU 750 mg/（m2· d）持续静脉泵入d1～5,10pm～10am。常规组:DTX 75mg/m2静滴3～4 hd1（DDP 前使用）;DDP 75mg/m2静滴d1;5-FU 750 mg/（m2· d）持续静滴d1～5,共120 h。化疗后评价有效者行三维适形调强放疗（IMRT）,同期行顺铂单药增敏化疗（100 mg/m2静滴d1～2,21d/ 周期,共2 个周期。放化疗结束1 个月后行辅助化疗:方案及方法同诱导化疗,共2 个周期。不良反应按CTCAEv 3.0 评价系统分级,临床疗效参照2000年实体瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST）评价,有效率为CR+PR。结果:2 级以上呕吐发生率常规组高于时辰组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 化疗后时辰组CD4/CD 8 升高,常规组CD4/CD 8 降低（P < 0.05）。 结论:时辰化疗能够降低严重呕吐的发生率,在减少严重骨髓抑制方面可能存在优势,可能改善了患者的免疫功能。      

TP与EP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效比较

TP组给紫杉醇135mg／m^2，静脉滴入，3h,d1:DDP75mg／m^2，静脉滴入，d2(水化、止吐)。EP组给Vp-16 100mg／m^2,静脉滴入，d1～d5；DDP75mg/m^2,静脉滴入，d1(水化、止吐)。两组均21d为1个周期，完成2～3个周期后评价疗效及毒副反应。结果 TP组CR1例，PR9例，CR PR55％，中位生存时间10．6个月，1年生存率39％；EP组PR5例，CR PR33％，中位生存时间7．5个月，1年生存率18％。两组毒副反应主要表现为胃肠道反应及脱发，剂量限制性毒副反应为骨髓抑制，用集落细胞刺激因子可减轻骨髓毒性作用。TP方案是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的有效化疗方案。     

BEOP方案治疗复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤25例近期疗效观察

目的评价BEOP方案治疗复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤近期疗效及不良反应。方法 25例复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤行BEOP方案2周期化疗,平阳霉素6 mg/m2肌注,d1、d4、d8、d11,依托泊苷60 mg/m2/d,静滴,d1～5,VCR 1.4 mg/m2静注,d1,PDN 20 mg每日2次,d1～14。每4个星期为1个周期并重复,2个周期后观察疗效。结果完全缓解(CR)6例,部分缓解(PR)10例,稳定(SD)5例,进展4例,总有效率(CR+PR)为64.0%,不良反应主要为骨髓抑制及低热等,3级以上白细胞减少16.0%,血小板减少4.0%,行粒细胞集落刺激因子或白细胞介素-11支持治疗后恢复正常,发热经对症处理好转,胃肠道及神经炎症状亦较轻。结论 BEOP方案治疗复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤疗效肯定,不良反应小,骨髓抑制不严重,耐受性较好。     

食管异时性多发癌1例报告

1病例报告 患者男性,68岁,食管癌放疗后2年余,吞咽梗阻伴声音嘶哑4个月入院诊治。患者于2007年8月出现吞咽梗阻感,2007年9月行胃镜检查示：食管中段癌（距门齿28～32 cm）。病理诊断为：高分化鳞状细胞癌。患者拒绝手术治疗,于2007年11月5日至12月14日在我科行食管癌放疗（DT：60 Gy/30F/6W）,放疗期间行顺铂（20 mg/m2,第1～5天）同步化疗2个周期,     

两种化疗方案一线治疗外周 T细胞淋巴瘤的临床对照研究

目的：比较EPOCH方案和CHOP方案一线治疗外周T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及不良反应。方法将2010年1月至2015年1月北京军区总医院收治的32例外周T细胞淋巴瘤患者分为2组。16例采用EPOCH方案化疗：依托泊苷50 mg／m2 d1～4、吡柔比星10 mg／m2 d1～4、长春地辛1 mg／d d1～4、环磷酰胺750 mg／m2 d5、强地松60 mg／m2 d1～5。16例采用CHOP方案化疗：环磷酰胺750 mg／m2 d1、吡柔比星45 mg／m2 d1、长春地辛4 mg／d d1、强的松60 mg／m2 d1～5。每3周左右完成1个化疗周期,共进行6～8个化疗周期,比较2种化疗方案的临床疗效。结果随访至2016年1月,2组患者完全缓解效率分别为56．3％和31．3％,总有效率分别为81．3％和62．5％,中位生存期分别为28．5个月和21．8个月。结论 EPOCH方案一线治疗外周T细胞淋巴瘤较CHOP方案具有显著的优势。     

晚期胃癌非根治性术后腹腔联合静脉化疗与单纯静脉化疗的临床观察

目的：探讨晚期胃癌非根治性术后腹腔热灌注化疗联合FOLFOX4方案静脉化疗的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法：选取青岛市肿瘤医院2002年1月至2005年2月65例晚期胃癌姑息性切除术后患者随机分为两组，治疗组采用术后腹腔热灌注化疗顺铂（DDP）60～80mg/m^2、丝裂霉素（MMC）4～6mg/m^2、5-氟脲嘧啶（5-FU）75mg/m^2，2周为1个周期并联合FOLFOX4（L-OHP85mg/m^2静脉滴注2h，d1；LV200mg/m2静脉滴注2h，d1～2；5-FU400mg/m^2，LV滴完10～20min静脉推注d1～2；5-FU600mg/m2推注后22h，civ，d1～2，2周为1个周期）方案静脉化疗，对照组术后采用单一DF（5-FU500mg/m^2d1～3、LV200mg/m^2d1～3、DDP30～40mg/m^2d1～3，或将5-FU2.4mg/m2经携式微量输注泵在48h内连续注入，每3～4周为1个周期）方案静脉化疗，对65例患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果：治疗组1、2、3年生存率分别为83.3%（28/34）、58.8%（20/34）、44.2%（14/34），对照组为83.9%（26/31）、29.0%（9/31）、16.1%（5/31），两组1年生存率比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05），2、3年生存率比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）；两组化疗毒副反应比较除外周神经损害外无显著性差异。治疗组腹腔化疗并发症主要为腹痛、腹胀、腹泻、便秘。结论：晚期胃癌姑息性切除术后腹腔热灌注化疗联合FOLFOX4静脉化疗在晚期胃癌的综合治疗中是一种有效的治疗措施。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.