大鼠中央杏仁核中神经降压肽样和甘丙肽样神经元的老年变化

用免疫组织化学及显微分光光度计研究了大鼠中央杏仁核中神经降压肽样(NT-L)及甘丙肽样(GAL-L)胞体及纤维终末的老年变化。NT-L胞体主要位于中央外侧杏仁核中央部(CeLn)。中央外侧杏仁核囊部(CeLc)及中央内侧杏仁核(CeM)亦有少量分布。NT-L纤维终末主要位于CLen及CeLc。GAL-L胞体仅位于中央内侧杏仁核。老年大鼠中央杏仁核的NT-L胞体数量及纤维终末密度显著减少。GAL-L胞体的数量无明显年龄变化,但胞体中染色的深度明显降低。本文结果表明,大鼠中央杏仁核中NT-L及GAL-L神经元有明显的老年变化,这种变化的意义有待进一步研究。     

大鼠内生致热原双相热各期不同脑区神经降压素含量的变化

用粗制家兔内生致热原（ＥＰ），给大鼠静脉注射复制双相热模型。通过放射免疫测定方法（ＲＩＡ）观察了大鼠ＥＰ双相热各期不同脑（下丘脑，中脑，皮质）组织神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ，ＮＴ）的含量变化。结果表明：ＥＰ所致大鼠双相热各期下丘脑组织ＮＴ含量均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。中脑组织，在发热间歇期和发热第二时相ＮＴ含量高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。皮质ＮＴ含量在发热第一时相高于对照组（Ｐ＞０     

大鼠缰核神经降压肽样,甘内肽样,P物质样和胆囊收缩素样免疫反应的老年变化

本文用免疫组化方法和图象分析仪观察和测量了老年大鼠和年青大鼠外侧缰核中神经降压肽(N T).甘丙肽(G AL).P物质(SP)和胆囊收缩素(C CK)免疫阳性纤维终末的分布面积和密度,老年大鼠外侧缰核中NT.GAL及CCK免疫阳性纤维终末的分布面积比年青大鼠为小,有显著(P<0.05)或非常显著差别(P<0.01),外侧缰核中GAL.SP及CCK免疫阳性纤维的密度比年青大鼠为低,有非常显著差别(P<0.01),对这种年龄变化的意义可能和记忆有关进行了讨论。     

胃溃疡患者手术治疗前后血浆神经降压素水平的变化

神经降压素（ＮＴ）是１９７３年由Ｃａｒｒａｗａｙ和Ｌｅｍａｎ从牛下丘脑中提取的一种生物活性多肽 ,以后发现ＮＴ也广泛存在于人和其它哺乳动物的脑和胃肠道中 ,因而是一种脑肠肽。文献指出［１］,ＮＴ具有强烈的扩张血管、降低血压和镇痛作用 ,还具有抑制胃液分泌、抑制胃肠运动和刺激胰液分泌、刺激肠粘膜分泌电解质等胃肠方面的作用。本文报告３４例胃溃疡手术治疗前后血浆神经降压素水平的变化。对象和方法一、对象 :（一）正常人 :３５人。均为我院保健科体检合格的健康人 ,无心、肝、肺、肾、胃肠道疾患 ,肝、肾功能试验正常。（…     

脑血管病脑脊液神经降压素含量的改变

本研究测定21例正常对照组和68例脑血管病的脑脊液神经降压索含量。结果表明:(1)出血性脑血管病脑脊液神经降压素含量,比正常对照组显著增加;(2)缺血性脑血管病脑脊液神经降压素含量,比正常对照组显著减少。这提示,两类不同脑血管病脑脊液神经降压素含量,呈现明显的反向改变。     

肝硬化患者血浆神经降压素水平的观察

神经降压素(neurotensin, NT)是1973年由Garranway和Leeman等发现的一种脑肠肽,由N细胞分泌.本文测定了57例肝硬化患者血清NT水平,旨在探讨NT在肝硬化发生和发展中的意义. 资料和方法 1 研究对象 1.1 肝硬化患者组根据临床、生化及影像学综合资料诊断为肝炎后肝硬化者57例,其中男41例,女26例,平均年龄45±17岁.根据Child-push肝硬化分级,A级肝硬化患者21例,B级肝硬化患者22例,C级肝硬化患者14例. 1.2 正常人组健康体检者30名,其中男19名,女11名,平均年龄37±12岁,无胃肠及肝器质性疾病.     

肝硬化患者血浆神经降压素测定的临床意义

国内尚少见有肝硬化患者血浆神经降压素(NT)测定的报道。为此,我们进行了探讨,现将结果报告如下。     

消化系统部分疾病血浆神经降压素水平变化的初步观察

本文用放射免疫分析测定７８例肝硬化、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡患者的血浆神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ，ＮＴ），其均值均显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。６例十二指肠球部溃疡患者血浆ＮＴ值治疗前后对比无显著变化。     

冠心病患者血浆神经降压素水平的变化及其临床意义

目的: 研究不同类型冠心病患者发病不同阶段血浆神经降压素(NT)水平的变化,探讨其与冠心病心肌缺血的关系。方法: 检测急性心肌梗塞,不稳定型心绞痛,稳定劳力型心绞痛,陈旧性心肌梗塞患者各30余例发病不同阶段血浆NT浓度,并选32例健康者作为对照组。结果: 急性心肌梗塞急性期(24 h),不稳定型心绞痛患者疼痛发作期血浆NT水平均明显高于对照组,稳定劳力型心绞痛患者,陈旧性心肌梗塞患者血浆NT水平与对照组比较差异无显著性。不稳定型心绞痛患者疼痛发作期血浆NT水平显著高于治疗2周后病情稳定期(P＜0.01)。急性心肌梗塞患者血浆NT水平在心梗早期即有上升趋势,至12 h明显升高,24 h达到高峰 ,48h后逐渐下降,72h后降至正常水平 。结论:冠心病患者出现心肌急性缺血时,血浆NT水平升高,提示NT参与了冠心病患者急性心肌缺血时的病理生理过程。     

甲基强的松龙对大鼠颅脑损伤后内皮素的影响

目的观察甲基强的松龙对大鼠颅脑损伤后脑组织中内皮素含量的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法将45只SD大鼠随机分为3组,采用骨窗形成后硬膜外打击法造成鼠脑挫裂伤模型,正常组5只,麻醉后,只行开颅手术,不作头颅打击;治疗组大鼠致伤后即刻腹腔内注射30mg/kg甲基强的松龙,对照组则即刻腹腔内注射30mg/kg生理盐水。对照组和治疗组大鼠分别在伤后1h、6h、12h、24h时间点断头取脑,对大鼠脑外伤后脑组织中内皮素含量进行检测。结果大鼠脑皮质中的内皮素在伤后1h后较对照组升高显著(P<0.01),24h达到高峰。甲基强的松龙治疗组在伤后各时间点,内皮素较损伤组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论颅脑损伤后,受损脑组织中内皮素升高,甲基强的松龙可通过抑制损伤后内皮素活性,起到保护创伤神经元的作用。     

急性肺损伤大鼠多核白细胞与肺组织β受体变化的相关性研究

目的:观察急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠循环血多核白细胞(PMN)和肺组织β肾上腺素能受体(β-AR)的变化,并探讨二者β-AR变化的相关性。方法:静注内毒素复制大鼠ALI模型,循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR用放射性配基结合分析法测定。结果:静注内毒素后1、4、6 h,大鼠循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR的最大结合容量(Bmax)均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);静注内毒素后4 h, 6 h较1 h及6 h较4 h PMNβ-AR的Bmax均显著降低(P＜0.05),肺组织β-AR Bmax各内毒素组间差异不明显(P＞0.05);循环血PMN和肺组织β-AR变化在程度上无相关性(P＞0.05)。结论:ALI时循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR数目均明显减少,其在ALI发生发展中可能起一定的作用,但ALI时外周血PMN β-AR不能作为观察肺组织β-AR变化的相关指标。     

肺缺血/再灌注损伤时肺组织及血浆中细胞因子的变化特点

目的： 探讨肺外科中肺缺血/再灌注损伤时细胞因子的变化特点。方法: 66只健康新西兰兔,随机分成2组：Ⅰ组为对照组（n=36）;Ⅱ组为单侧肺循环阻断组(n=30)。术中监测动物平均动脉压和心率;分别于开胸时(Ⅰ组)、缺血1h和再灌注1、2、4、6 h(Ⅰ、Ⅱ组)检测肺组织及血浆中TNF-α、IL-8和IL-10含量。结果: 各组动物术中血流动力学指标平稳。肺组织中TNF-α于再灌注后2-4 h左右出现峰值,IL-8于再灌注后4 h明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10则于再灌注后6 h明显升高(P<0.05);血浆中TNF-α于再灌注后6 h明显升高(P<0.05),IL-8和IL-10虽然有升高的趋势,但并无明显差异。结论: 肺外科中肺缺血/再灌注损伤时TNF-α的峰值较肺移植模型延迟;再灌注后肺组织中TNF-α、IL-8和IL-10均有较明显升高,且血浆中的升高滞后于肺组织中。     

Galanin receptors in the post-mortem human brain. Regional distribution of I-galanin binding sites using the method of in vitro receptor autoradiography

The distribution of putative receptors for the peptide galanin was studied in the normal post-mortem human brain by using ¹²⁵I-galanin (0.5 nM) in combination with in vitro receptor autoradiography. Specific binding of ¹²⁵I-galanin was found in a large number of brain areas throughout the neuraxis. Highest binding densities occurred in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, while the basal ganglia, major parts of the thalamus and the tectum were found to be poor in binding sites. All cortical areas harboured ¹²⁵I-galanin binding, and in the visual cortex a laminated pattern was present. In the hippocampus, ¹²⁵I-galanin binding occurred in layer 2 of the entorhinal cortex, in the uncus and in the hippocampal-amygdala area. In the brain-stem, ¹²⁵I-galanin binding was found in serotoninergic and noradrenergic cellgroups as well as in the reticular formation and in the parabrachial nuclei. Galanin receptors may, thus, mediate the response of galanin in numerous structures in the human brain.     

Hyperthermic effect of neurotensin in the rabbit

Neurotensin injected into the anterior hypothalamus of the rabbit induces a consistent upward shift of the threshold core temperatures for inducing cold thermogenesis, peripheral vasomotor tone and respiratory evaporative heat loss, while leaving the efficiency and the intensity of these thermoregulatory outputs unchanged. Neurotensin injections into the PH are without effect on body temperature control. The effect of neurotensin is interpreted as a selective inhibition of activity of warm sensors in the anterior hypothalamus. The possible mediating role of dopaminergic pathways in the neurotensin action is discussed.Abbreviations AH anterior hypothalamus - PH posterior hypothalamus - DA dopamine - NT neurotensin - CT cold thermogenesis - PVMT peripheral vasomotor tone - REHL respiratory evaporative heat loss - T _core hypothalamic temperature     

An immunohistochemical study of somatostatin and neurotensin positive neurons in the septal nuclei of the rat brain

Summary Antibodies to the neuropeptides somatostatin (SOM) and neurotensin were used to study the distribution of the two peptides within the septum of the rat brain. In colchicine treated rats, numerous somatostatin-positive cell bodies were found in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the alteral septum, along the border of the nucleus accumbens, in the ventral tip of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca as well as in the anterior hippocampal rudiment, infralimbic area and several other structures of the basal forebrain (e.g., nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and substantia innominata). Cell bodies containing immunoreactivity for neurotensin were situated in the intermediate and ventral subdivisions of the lateral septum, the medial septal nucleus, the diagonal band of Broca, the rostro-medial continuation of the substantia innominata and the olfactory tubercle.In untreated rats, somatostatin positive processes formed terminal plexuses in the medial septal nucleus and along an area close to the ventricular wall of the lateral ceptal nucleus. Other septal nuclei, such as the diagonal band of Broca contained a sparse innervation by somatostatin positive fibers. In contrast, the nucleus accumbens olfactory tubercle, and the substantia innominata contained a rich innervation by somatostatin positive axons and terminals. Within these structures the density of SOM positive processes show great variations with patches of densely packed terminals separated by areas of sparser or no innervation. The neurotensin positive terminals were situated predominantly within the intermediate part of the lateral septum and the medial septal nucleus. Both of these regions contained numerous pericellular baskets of neurotensin positive terminals around septal neurons. In addition to the septal innervation, several of the basal forebrain structures were rich in neurotensin positive processes with the densest innervation found in the nucleus accumbens and substantia innominata. Like the SOM-immunoreactivity distinct islands of dense neurotensin innervation separated by less or no innervation occur throughout the basal forebrain. Taken together, these findings suggest that somatostatin and neurotensin occur in separate neuronal populations and that each may influence important physiological functions within the individual septal nuclei.     

缺血性脑血管病患者血浆和血小板提取液神经肽Y与神经降压素的改变

目的和方法：采用放射免疫分析法,观察５８ 例不同病因的缺血性脑血管病（ＩＣＶＤ） 患者血小板提取液和血浆中神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ） 与神经降压素（ＮＴ） 的含量变化。结果：在ＩＣＶＤ 患者血小板提取液中ＮＰＹ 含量明显低于对照组,血浆中ＮＰＹ 则明显高于对照组。血小板中ＮＰＹ 减少与血浆浓度的增高呈明显负相关（ ｒ ＝ － ０ ．６０ , Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。ＮＴ 含量在患者血小板液中显著增高。结论：ＮＰＹ 与ＮＴ 在ＩＣＶＤ 病理过程中,由血小板大量释放并积极参与了以缩血管效应为主的病理反应,是造成血栓形成、局部血管痉挛的重要病理因素     

部分液体通气对内毒素肺损伤肺表面活性物质系统超微结构的影响

目的:研究部分液体通气对内毒素肺损伤大鼠肺表面活性物质(pulmonarysurfactant,PS)系统超微结构的影响。方法:运用电子显微镜细胞化学方法,对内毒素肺损伤鼠PS系统进行观察及部分液体通气对其的影响。结果:内毒素肺损伤后可见PS层失去连续性,呈断裂或堆积;肺泡II型细胞内板层小体、线粒体空泡化,少数发生坏死并崩解、脱落进入肺泡腔。液体通气+肺损伤组PS系统损伤程度明显低于内毒素肺损伤组。结论:液体通气可明显改善内毒素肺损伤时PS系统的损伤。