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1.
多属性效用量表已成为主要的健康效用值测量工具。良好适应状态质量评估量表(Quality of Well-Being Scale,QWB)作为国际通用六大成人MAU量表之一,在国内应用较少。为促进QWB量表在国内的进一步应用,文章首先梳理了QWB量表的发展历程,然后介绍了QWB量表的健康状态描述系统和效用积分体系,并重点介绍了QWB量表在国内外的应用现状,最后对QWB量表的应用前景进行了总结与展望,这将为国内开展卫生经济学评价研究,尤其是效用值测量与成本–效用分析研究提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
2.
文章简要梳理了AQo L系列量表,包括AQo L-4D量表、AQo L-6D量表、AQo L-7D量表和AQo L-8D量表的发展历程、量表特征、效用积分体系以及应用状况,为国内开展经济学评价研究,尤其是效用值测量与成本-效用分析研究提供基础支持。 相似文献
3.
癌症患者健康效用是进行成本-效用分析的关键环节,癌症领域疾病特异性多属性效用量表QLU-C10D的开发为其测量提供了一种全新工具,但目前国内缺乏对该量表的系统介绍。首先,文章对上述量表进行了简要介绍,主要包括量表的来源、开发过程和主要健康状态;其次,以澳大利亚为例,介绍了QLU-C10D量表效用积分体系构建的方法和过程;最后,对QLU-C10D量表在效用值测量和经济学评价领域的应用进行了总结,并对其未来发展进行了展望,这有利于推进QLU-C10D量表在国内效用值测量领域的应用,为癌症患者提供更精准的测量工具。 相似文献
4.
八维癌症特异性效用量表(FACT-8D) 的开发为癌症领域经济学评价研究,尤其是癌症患者的健康效用值测量
提供了新的工具选择。部分国家已经完成或正在进行FACT-8D健康效用积分体系的构建,但国内关于该量表的信息仍然有
限。文章对FACT-8D进行系统介绍,首先,简述FACT-8D的开发过程及健康状态分级系统;其次,以澳大利亚为例,介绍
FACT-8D健康效用积分体系的构建方法、流程和结果;再次,总结FACT-8D的测量属性;最后,对该量表的应用与发展进行
展望。总之,应尽早参考标准化方案构建基于中国人群的FACT-8D效用积分体系,进一步验证FACT-8D的测量属性,探索针
对不同癌症种类患者的“附加”维度。 相似文献
5.
多属性效用量表已成为主要的健康效用值测量工具。尽管六维健康调查简表(SF-6D)在国内的应用日益增多,但缺乏对SF系列量表如何演变为SF-6D多属性效用量表的相关介绍。为促进SF-6D量表在国内的进一步应用,首先简要梳理了SF系列量表的演变,包括SF-18、SF-20、SF-36、SF-12以及SF-8等量表;然后介绍了SF-6D量表的健康状态描述系统和效用积分体系评分;最后对SF-6D量表在国内外的应用进行了总结,并对应用前景进行了展望。这将为国内开展经济学评价研究,尤其是效用值测量和成本–效用分析提供基础支持。 相似文献
7.
文章系统介绍了儿童九维健康效用(CHU9D)量表的发展历程、结构及效用积分体系,并应用文献计量学分析了CHU9D量表的研究现状,探讨了儿童健康效用值测量中存在的困难和挑战,期望能为我国开展儿童生命质量评价及卫生领域经济学研究提供参考。 相似文献
9.
医院物资采购是医院管理中重要而又敏感的问题.该文将决策分析中多属性效用理论应用于医院物资采购,力求避免人为因素和盲目性,以量化、科学、合理的方法为医院物资采购的正确决策提供有力的依据. 相似文献
10.
目的 构建糖尿病特异性生活质量量表(DSQL)到欧洲五维健康效用量表(EQ-5D)映射模型,将DSQL得分转换为健康效用值。方法 从江苏省糖尿病并发症监测点上按糖尿病4种并发症进行抽样调查,418例患者作为训练集,75例糖尿病患者作为验证集。使用普通最小二乘法(OLS)、Tobit回归法和截尾最小绝对偏差法(CLAD)建立模型,调整R 2、平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方误差(MSE)评价每个模型,用训练集进行内部十折交叉验证,用验证集进行外部验证。结果 训练集平均年龄为62.07岁,糖尿病特异性生存质量量表的平均得分为49.15分,EQ-5D效用值平均为0.9435。三种回归方法中,CLAD法的预测效果最好,该模型由生理功能、心理精神、社会关系和治疗影响以及生理功能和心理精神的交互作用组成。结论 当有DSQL得分而无EQ-5D结果时,可以运用本文的映射模型获得效用值,用于卫生经济学评价和临床研究。 相似文献
11.
绩效考评工具在整个人力资源管理与考评系统中处于核心地位。科学的绩效考评工具应具有工作分析、考评工具的信度、效度3个必要的、不可缺的基本特征。绩效考评工具主要包括特征导向、结果导向和行为导向3种。开发绩效考评工具应针对企事业单位的实际情况;针对不同领域、不同层次的员工开发出以工作分析为基础、信度和效度良好、实用性强的绩效考评工具,从而发挥绩效考评的作用;对员工的工作进行开发和指导,以提高员工的业绩和对工作的成就感、满意度。 相似文献
12.
The 15th biennial Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW15) took place November 11-15, 2006 in St. Pete Beach, Florida. The workshop's primary focus was on the appropriate linkage, association, and other analyses of the increasingly large datasets generated by genetics research. A record number of participants (N=350) contributed 252 papers to GAW15. These contributions were organized into 17 presentation groups, with a range of 11 to 18 papers in each group (median of 15 papers per group). The data sets--or "problems"--for GAW15 included information from two real data sets and a simulated data set. The first problem utilizing real data included gene expression as the phenotype and genome-wide markers for linkage and association studies. The second problem allowed for detecting and characterizing genetic effects for rheumatoid arthritis. And the simulated problem was generated to reflect the data structure underlying the rheumatoid arthritis study. Further details on GAW15 are provided here, and the primary findings from the workshop are highlighted in the following group summary papers. 相似文献
13.
目的:应用RFID技术提高医院对医疗器械的管理水平。方法:将RFID自动识别技术应用于医疗器械设备的管理,综合利用RFID技术、无线网络技术、定位技术、移动数据采集技术等,设计医疗器械管理系统的各功能模块。结果:设计并开发了基于RFID技术的医疗设备管理系统。结论:管理系统可有效提高医疗器械设备的信息精度,减轻管理人员的工作量,有效地提高管理的自动化水平。 相似文献
14.
PurposeSo far there is no Norwegian value algorithm to inform healthcare decision making. The 15D health state values estimated with the original 15D valuation procedure tend to be higher than the values of other generic preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments. The main purpose of this study was to use a new 15D valuation procedure to estimate Norwegian 15D health state values and to explore their empirical performance. MethodsThe visual analogue scale was used to collect 15D valuation data in a representative sample of the Norwegian general population. The new procedure used fewer valuation tasks and anchored the 15D health state values in an empirically assessed range. The Norwegian 15D health state values were compared to the values of five HRQoL instruments which were provided by Norwegian residents belonging to seven disease groups and a healthy population. ResultsThe Norwegian 15D health state values ranged from 1 to ??0.52. Compared to 15D health state values estimated with the original procedure, the Norwegian 15D health state values were lower and more in line with values of other HRQoL instruments. ConclusionsThe new 15D valuation procedure is simpler, links the 15D health state values better to the requirements of the QALY model, and provides an empirically-based range. We recommend using the new valuation procedure in future 15D valuation studies, and the Norwegian health state values for use in 15D-based health economic analyses in Norway. 相似文献
15.
The generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument 15D, and the disease-specific St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire
(SGRQ) were highly correlated in cross-sectional and in follow-up data among asthmatic patients. However, a high correlation
does not mean that these instruments yield similar results about outcome. We measured among 134 asthmatic patients the mathematical
relationship between the changes in the scores of these instruments by regression techniques and agreement by cross-tabulation.
The prospective data included measurements at baseline and at one, three and five years. The three measurements of change
in HRQOL were compared with the baseline. There was a close mathematical relationship between the scores, but it was affected
significantly by confounding factors such as patient's age, gender and smoking habits. The instruments agreed on the direction
of change in HRQOL (positive or negative) in 64.8% of patients, while in 15.8% the changes were in opposite direction. There
was a statistically significant difference in indicating the direction of changes (improvement or decline) of these instruments.
The changes in the SGRQ scores agreed slightly better than those in the 15D with the changes in clinical parameters. The conclusion
was that these instruments do not necessarily yield similar results of effectiveness. Therefore, the choice of HRQOL instrument
may influence the economic attractiveness of different asthma interventions. The disease-specific SGRQ agreed slightly better
than the generic 15D with the changes in clinical parameters.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)属常见心血管疾病,主要是由冠脉粥样硬化,使得血管狭窄,继而引起心肌缺血缺氧所致,具有较高的致残、致死率,给患者的生命安全构成严重威胁.既往临床多以抗血小板、他丁类药物进行治疗,但经口服给药起效较为缓慢,难以及时控制病情.电脑中频药物导入治疗仪作为经皮给药范畴,是通过超声脉搏群将特定药物透入人体,... 相似文献
17.
本文介绍了妇科射频治疗仪及其行业标准YY0650—2008。文中主要涉及治疗仪的适用症、主要组成、工作原理,还依据新发布实施的行业标准,介绍了治疗仪测控温功能、阻抗控制功能、治疗电极、医用电气安全要求等相关标准要求。旨为指导企业规范生产、帮助临床医生了解治疗使用性能和安全性能,在医疗器械产品检测、注册、监管工作中起到标准宣贯的效果。 相似文献
18.
Objective: This study assessed the reproducibility, reliability, and validity of the DDQ-15, a 15-item quality of life questionnaire for patients with digestive disorders (Phases I and II). It also assessed the reliability of two modes of administration of the instrument: paper versus computer (Phase III).
Data Sources/Study Setting: Digestive Disease Center (DDC) patients at the Medical University of South Carolina participated in the study. These patients were attending the DDC on an outpatient basis for a pancreatobiliary disorder, GI cancer, a luminal GI disorder, or liver disorder.
Study Design: Over 200 patients participated in the validation study (Phase II) of the DDQ-15. They completed the instrument three times: within one week before a scheduled clinic visit, at the clinic visit, and approximately two months after the clinic visit. The patients also completed the SF-36 and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index during the clinic visit. For Phase III, 150 participants were randomized to take the DDQ-15 on computer first or on paper fist. All participants took both versions during the same clinic visit and prior to being seen by a physician.
Data Collection Methods: Patients responded to the DDQ-15 items directly on the personal computer for the computer version. The paper version was self-administered by the patients, or if they could not read, the responses on the paper version required manual data entry by the study staff.
Principal Findings: For the validation study (Phase II) Cronbach's alpha for the DDQ-15 was 0.92 indicating high internal consistency of the instrument. The intraclass correlation coefficient between pre-clinic and clinic visit scores was 0.97. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the clinic visit DDQ-15 and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index was 0.84, and the coefficients between DDQ-15 and the subscales of SF-36 ranged from 0.55 to 0.79. For Phase III, high internal consistency was observed for both versions, and reproducibility analysis yielded excellent agreement between the two. Intraclass correlation scores indicated high concordance of DDQ-15 scores. Education level and the order in which the two versions were completed were significant factors affecting the concordance of responses.
Conclusions: DDQ-15 was shown to be a reliable, reproducible, and valid instrument for assessing QOL in patients with digestive diseases. The simplicity of the instrument should facilitate its use in an ordinary clinical setting. The study also showed that agreement between computer and paper DDQ-15 versions was excellent, indicating that mode of administration minimally affected response to QOL items. This study showed the computer interface to be a reliable alternative to the conventional paper questionnaire. 相似文献
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