不能手术切除的非小细胞肺癌集束电极射频治疗的初步探讨

目的：探讨应用集束电极射频(radiofrequency ablation；RFA)治疗不能手术切除的非小细胞肺癌的可行性和近期疗效。方法：在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺或术中直视下RFA治疗不能手术切除的非小细胞肺癌，随访观察治疗近期效果、中位生存期、1年生存率、2年生存率及围手术期并发症。结果：86例患共92个肿瘤病灶用RFA治疗，术后并发气胸16例，随访5～36个月。治疗后1个月41．86％的KPS评分改善。16例出现局部复发，其中9例患再次RFA。中位生存时问为14个月，1年生存率为78．15％，2年生存率为46．88％。结论：RFA治疗不能手术的非小细胞肺癌创伤小，可重复治疗，安全可靠．局部治疗效果较好。     

集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌37例

目的:观察集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌的安全性及临床疗效。方法:将37例(50个病灶)诊断为肾上腺转移癌的患者在局麻下行集束电极射频热毁损治疗,观察其治疗时反应及术后肿瘤缩小情况。结果:射频治疗过程中患者无特殊不良反应;术后未见肾上腺功能明显减退,不需特殊处理。治疗后肿瘤总缓解率为92.6%,特别是直径小于10cm的肿瘤疗效明显。结论:集束电极射频热毁损治疗肾上腺转移癌安全有效。     

模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀射频治疗肺癌的临床应用

为了探讨局部麻醉和模拟定位机引导在集束巨能刀治疗肺癌的射频治疗的适应证、治疗效果以及并发症的预防和处理，采用0．5％普鲁卡因局部浸润麻醉，模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀治疗肺癌46例。CT显示条索状瘢痕残余ll例，空洞形成或直径缩小32例，无变化1例，增大2例。治疗中患者均有不同程度的胸腔内热感及短时间内可以忍受的疼痛感。并发症包括气胸7例、皮下气肿5例、发热24例、咯血13例和慢性支气管炎急性发作4例。初步研究结果提示，集束巨能刀射频治疗周围型肺癌疗效满意，尤其适用于直径〈3cm的肿瘤。局部麻醉配合全身止痛药物应用可以很好地解决治疗中的疼痛问题，与全麻相比还具有省时省力、费用低的优势；对于周围型肺癌，模拟定位机引导经皮穿刺定位与CT引导相比，同样准确、安全，但操作更为方便。     

氩氦刀治疗晚期肺癌的临床观察

目的：研究氩氦刀治疗晚期肺癌的临床初步效和不良反应。方法：自2001年初开始选择40例不能手术或不愿手术的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期周围型肺癌或转移性肺癌为研究对象，进行氩氦刀治疗，手术途径包括CT引导下经皮穿刺、CT定位后B超引导、CT定位后X线透视引导、开胸直视手术等。结果：所有病例不良反应轻微，包括咳嗽、胸痛、咯血、发热、气胸、血胸等，经对症处理后好转，无手术相关性死亡。术后CT扫描显示病灶CT值明显降低，3个月后肿块逐渐缩小至消失。结论：氩氦刀治疗晚期肺癌疗效较好，创伤小，不良反应轻微，是一项有推广价值的治疗手段。     

模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀射频治疗肺癌的临床应用

为了探讨局部麻醉和模拟定位机引导在集束巨能刀治疗肺癌的射频治疗的适应证、治疗效果以及并发症的预防和处理,采用0·5%普鲁卡因局部浸润麻醉,模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀治疗肺癌46例。CT显示条索状瘢痕残余11例,空洞形成或直径缩小32例,无变化1例,增大2例。治疗中患者均有不同程度的胸腔内热感及短时间内可以忍受的疼痛感。并发症包括气胸7例、皮下气肿5例、发热24例、咯血13例和慢性支气管炎急性发作4例。初步研究结果提示,集束巨能刀射频治疗周围型肺癌疗效满意,尤其适用于直径<3cm的肿瘤。局部麻醉配合全身止痛药物应用可以很好地解决治疗中的疼痛问题,与全麻相比还具有省时省力、费用低的优势;对于周围型肺癌,模拟定位机引导经皮穿刺定位与CT引导相比,同样准确、安全,但操作更为方便。     

CT导向射频消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤

目的 探讨CT导向下经皮肺穿刺射频消融治疗肺部肿瘤的有效性、安全性及并发症。方法 对不能手术的74例原发肺癌（其中鳞癌23例,腺癌48例,鳞腺癌2例,大细胞癌1例）和14例转移性肺癌共96个病灶（其中最大直径≤3 cm31个,3～5 cm 56个,〉5 cm 9个）,在CT导向下行射频消融治疗,术后6个月随访评价疗效。结果 88例患者共行134次射频消融治疗,除1例术中癫痫发作中断手术而行二期射频消融治疗外,其余均顺利完成。术后6个月行CT复查,显示96个病灶体积中88个均进行性缩小,肿瘤内大片不规则低密度区,总有效率为91.7%。1年随访有效率为88.0%,1年无疾病进展生存率为95.5%。气胸发生率为7.9%。结论 CT导向下经皮肺穿刺射频消融治疗肺部肿瘤安全、有效,并发症较少,对不同肿瘤采取科学的射频消融治疗方案可取得较好的疗效。     

氩氦刀冷冻治疗晚期肺癌术后并发症的防治

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗晚期肺癌的术后并发症及其防治策略。方法对120例晚期肺癌行氩氦刀冷冻消融术,术后密切观察并发症,分析其原因,并总结有效的防治措施。结果120例患者均顺利完成手术,无手术死亡病例。术后常见并发症有：术后发热、咳血、气胸、胸腔积液、体温过低、肿瘤溶解综合征等。结论氩氦刀冷冻治疗晚期肺癌耐受性好,并发症发生率低且轻微,经积极治疗均很快恢复,对提高患者生存质量有重要价值。     

射频凝固电极在肝癌切除或消融治疗中的应用

目的评价射频凝固电极消融技术在肝切除术中应用的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法采用射频凝固电极射频消融技术进行肝癌切除手术共16例,其中腹腔镜下射频消融后肝切除术9例,腔镜下射频消融6例（共13个瘤体,平均最大肿瘤直径3．0-4-1．0em）,小切口腹腔镜辅助右肝V、Ⅷ段肝癌切除1例。观察术后并发症情况,肿瘤复发情况。结果16例均顺利完成肝癌切除或消融治疗。未出现严重并发症。肝癌消融灶完全坏死率为92．3％。随访8～20个月（平均14个月）,于术后3、6个月各发现1例肝脏出现新病灶,1例消融部位肿瘤残留。肝癌切除患者未出现新病灶。死亡1例。结论腹腔镜下手术或开腹术中射频凝固电极消融技术在肝癌切除或消融治疗中应用安全可行,效果好。选择远离肝门区肿瘤进行治疗时效果更佳。     

应用冷循环集束电极射频治疗晚期肝癌的疗效观察

[目的]观察冷循环集束电极射频治疗晚期肝癌的效果。[方法]冷循环集束电极射频治疗38例晚期肝癌，术后每月复查CT观察病变区液化坏死和病灶缩小情况以及增强扫描是否强化、患者生存质量及AFP变化。[结果]术后1个月CT显示全部病灶均出现部分液化坏死及CT扫描不强化，3个月后CT扫描5例患者肿瘤完全坏死。其余大部分坏死。全部患者术后1个月KPS评分均提高10分以上。随访AFP变化与肿瘤毁损情况一致。术后CT复查病灶液化坏死范围大或病灶缩小明显的病例AFP下降显著。[结论]冷循环集束电极射频治疗是一种安全、有效、耐受性好的晚期肝癌治疗技术。初步结果显示该治疗能够提高患者生存质量、延长生存期，值得深入研究并推广。     

CT引导经皮氩氦刀靶向治疗肺癌的临床应用

目的探讨经皮经肺氩氦刀治疗肺癌的临床疗效、CT影像学变化及不良反应。方法62例肺癌患者在CT定位后,经皮穿刺置入行氩氦刀进行治疗。结果经氩氦刀治疗后3个月,胸部CT复查显示52个肿瘤病灶明显缩小(70.2%)。CT显示肿瘤冷冻后呈低密度坏死区,3个月冷冻区实变,12个月冷冻区阴影几乎消失。术后并发症包括气胸、咳嗽、咯血和发热。结论氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺癌创伤小,效果较好,无严重并发症,是治疗肺癌的一种新的有效治疗方法。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗晚期肺部恶性肿瘤6例体会

目的:总结CT引导下经皮射频消融治疗晚期肺肿瘤的经验。方法:6例晚期肺肿瘤患者,CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融,术后配合全身化学药物治疗,分析其治疗效果、安全性、并发症等。结果:手术成功率100%,术后6例痰中带血、3例少量液气胸及胸痛、2例轻度呼吸困难及中度发热,经对症等处理均自愈;1例肺脓肿并败血症。术后1月CT评价消融效果:完全消融3例（50%）,部分消融3例（50%）,消融有效率100%。术后3月评价近期疗效,除1例术后3月9天死于并发症,其余5例中CR 2例（40%）,PR 2例（40%）,PD 1例（20%）,近期总有效率80%。远期疗效还在进一步治疗及随访中。结论:CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗晚期肺肿瘤简单、安全、微创、有效,值得推广应用。     

Tumor lysis syndrome in small cell lung cancer

Tumor lysis syndrome, resulting from the abrupt release of intracellular ions into the blood stream due to sudden tumor cell death, is a serious complication of chemotherapy treatment. This syndrome occurs more frequently in hematologic malignancies and lymphomas. Its incidence in solid tumors is rare, but has a high mortality rate owing to the lack of prophylactic therapy to prevent this complication. We report a case of tumor lysis syndrome accompanied by death in a patient with extensive stage small cell lung cancer who was treated with cisplatin and etoposide, and review the risk factors associated with the syndrome in solid tumor patients who are likely to respond to chemotherapy.     

CT-guided radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer

Recently, percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been increasingly performed as a local treatment for lung malignancies. In RF ablation, the application of radiofrequency agitates ions in the tissues surrounding the electrode, causing them to fluctuate at high speed, and this generates frictional heat. The generated heat coagulates the tissues. Puncture is carried out under computed tomography (CT) guidance in the same manner as that for needle biopsy. In animal studies, it was speculated that air functioned as an insulator and that the heat did not damage normal surrounding lung parenchyma to any great extent, because lung is filled with air. An experimental VX2 tumor in rabbits was well controlled by RF ablation. Since the clinical use of RF ablation for lung malignancies was first reported in 2000, many series have been published. The patients reported in these studies were not candidates for surgical treatment, either because of poor cardiopulmonary function and comorbidities, or because they refused surgery. With RF ablation, complete necrosis can be expected for tumors with a diameter of 3 cm or less. Palliative RF ablation may be indicated for large tumors. The most frequent complication associated with puncture was pneumothorax, with a frequency higher for RF ablation compared with that for needle biopsy. The initial results have been promising, but we await future reports for long-term results.     

A case of delayed massive hemothorax caused by the rupture of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors

Radiofrequency ablation has been applied as a minimally invasive therapy for the local control of lung tumors, including primary and metastatic neoplasms. Hemorrhagic complications after radiofrequency ablation can usually be treated conservatively, but such complications can be massive and fatal in some cases. In this paper, we report the rare case of delayed massive hemothorax caused by the rupture of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after lung radiofrequency ablation that was treated using transcatheter coil embolization followed by a left lower lobectomy. A 75-year-old woman underwent radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of a metastatic lung tumor in the left lower lobe arising from a colorectal carcinoma located close to a branch of the pulmonary artery. Thirty-six hours later, hemothorax and hemorrhagic shock occurred as a result of a ruptured pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm and radiofrequency ablation-induced damage to the interlobular pleura. After transcatheter coil embolization of the pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm, she recovered from a state of shock and a left lower lobectomy was performed. Histological findings revealed the presence of residual tumor cells in the ablated lung tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence of the primary disease was seen at 1 year after the surgery. Although hemothorax secondary to the rupture of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after lung radiofrequency ablation is a rare complication, it should be recognized as a serious potential complication of lung radiofrequency ablation for a tumor located close to the pulmonary artery branch.     

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: A rare complication after microwave ablation

Three cases are reported of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) occurring after microwave ablation (MWA) for lung tumours. This is a rare complication that has not previously been described in the literature. The diagnosis of IPA was based on the following factors: host factors, clinical manifestations and mycological findings. The first case was a 63-year-old man treated for primary lung squamous carcinoma. Significant tumour regression was achieved by 18 days after MWA, medical treatment with itraconazole for 6 weeks, and postural drainage. The second case, a 65-year-old man, was confirmed with primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. Voriconazole administration using intravenous infusion combined with intracavitary lavage was therapeutically effective after MWA at 1 year follow-up. The third case was a 61-year-old woman with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Delayed pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula secondary to IPA persisted. The patient died from secondary multiple organ function failure. Despite its very low incidence, the significance of early diagnosis and early administration of antifungal therapy should be highlighted because of the relentless severity of IPA in patients undergoing MWA.     

冷基循环微波消融治疗晚期周围型肺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨冷基循环微波消融技术对周围型肺癌治疗的可行性和临床疗效。方法选择36例晚期不能手术的周围型肺癌患者,先给予常规化、放治疗控制病情后,再采用冷基循环微波消融技术对残余肿瘤病灶进行消融减瘤、减症治疗,以期获得更好的远期生存结果和生活质量。结果手术完成36例,消融肿瘤病灶42个,完成率100％。术后3d咳嗽、咳痰、咯血和胸痛等症状缓解33例,缓解率91．67％;术后3—6个月,42个肿瘤病灶中完全坏死、吸收36个（85．71％）,大部分坏死、吸收（≥90％）4个（9．52％）,坏死、吸收50％一70％的病灶2个（4．76％）;瘤体直径为0—3em,比术前缩小2．5～5cm,平均缩小4em。疗效评价：CR31例（86．11％）,PR4例（11．11％）,NC1例（2．78％）,PD0例;总缓解率97．22％;临床获益率36例（100％）;总生存期10-46个月,中位生存期28个月。结论冷基循环微波消融技术可以作为晚期周围型肺癌姑息治疗的有效方法。     

射频消融治疗腹膜后和盆腔恶性肿瘤

[目的]探讨射频消融治疗腹膜后和盆腔恶性肿瘤的疗效和安全性.[方法]腹膜后和盆腔恶性肿瘤患者9例,均为单发病灶.其中原发性肾上腺梭形细胞瘤术后复发1例,软骨肉瘤术后腹膜后转移2例,肺癌、恶性胸腺瘤术后1例,胰腺癌腹膜后转移1例,直肠癌和子宫颈癌术后盆腔转移各1例.CT引导下进行射频消融术.[结果]腹膜后和盆腔肿块射频消融术共19次,平均2.1次.9例患者临床症状不同程度减轻或消失,临床缓解率100%.增强CT复查完全热凝固坏死4例,不完全坏死3例,部分坏死2例.患者术中较好地耐受治疗,术后未发生严重并发症.[结论]射频消融治疗腹膜后和盆腔恶性肿瘤安全,对直径小于6cm的肿瘤疗效确切.     

高温射频消融治疗周围型肺部恶性肿瘤

目的CT引导经皮肺穿刺高温射频消融治疗89例周围型肺部恶性肿瘤的近期疗效观察.方法集束聚能刀高温射频消融治疗89例周围型肺部恶性肿瘤,包括原发性周围型肺癌65例,肺转移癌24例,共计226个肿瘤.结果胸部CT或X线平片复查,肿瘤经射频消融治疗后绝大多数病例的肿瘤在3个月左右明显缩小(CR+PR,82.0%).术后并发症包括气胸32例、少量血胸3例和局部疼痛15例.结论高温射频消融治疗周围型肺部恶性肿瘤,近期疗效确切,严重并发症少,是一种较为安全有效的治疗方法.     

转移性肾上腺癌的临床治疗（附15例报告）

目的:分析我院收治的15例肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤的临床资料，结合文献复习，总结临床诊治体会。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年1月至2019年5月收治的15例肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。男12例，女3例；平均年龄为63岁(53～73岁)。肾上腺转移瘤的最大径中位值为4.4 cm（2.0~9.8 cm），左侧11例，右侧3例，双侧1例。原发恶性肿瘤来源:肺7例，肝3例，肾2例，子宫1例，胰腺1例，腹膜后肿物1例。本研究中15例肾上腺转移恶性肿瘤为原发肿瘤确诊后诊断，距离原发肿瘤诊断的中位时间为15.6个月(5~28个月)。15例患者均行手术切除治疗。结果:术后病理细胞类型:腺癌4例，肝细胞癌3例，透明细胞癌2例，弥漫性大B细胞瘤2例，神经内分泌癌1例，癌肉瘤1例，肺小细胞癌1例，肺大细胞癌1例。术后定期随访患者，15例患者生存4~78个月。患者最终死于肿瘤广泛转移。结论:我院肾上腺转移性恶性肿瘤的原发肿瘤以肺癌最为常见，多数转移瘤在定期复查中无意发现。我院肾上腺转移瘤以左侧多见。肾上腺转移瘤治疗方式有手术治疗、介入治疗、经皮肿瘤消融、免疫治疗、放疗和化疗等。