中华眼镜蛇毒组分CⅡ抗耐药K562/A02细胞作用机制的研究

目的:研究中华眼镜蛇毒组分CⅡ(FCⅡNNAV)对多药耐药白血病细胞K562/A02的抑制作用及机制。方法:应用MTT法观察FCⅡNNAV体外对K562和K562/A02的毒性作用,流式细胞仪法观察FCⅡNNAV体外对K562/A02细胞Pgp,Bcl2蛋白表达的影响,比色法检测Caspase3活性变化。结果:FCⅡNNAV对耐药K562/A02及敏感K562细胞均有抑制作用,IC50分别为0.75±0.01μg·ml-1和0.67±0.11μg·ml-1。流式细胞仪检测发现FCⅡNNAV能使K562/A02细胞的Pgp,Bcl2蛋白表达明显下调;Caspase3活性明显增强。结论:FCⅡNNAV对细胞K562/A02及细胞K562均有较强的抑制作用,且抑制作用与剂量呈正相关,FCⅡNNAV可能通过抑制K562/A02细胞Pgp,Bcl2蛋白表达,激活Caspase3活性而诱导K562/A02细胞凋亡。     

5-氮杂胞苷和藤黄酸对K562/A02耐药细胞株的抑制作用

目的 探讨5-氮杂胞苷(5-AZA)协同藤黄酸对K562/A02耐药细胞株的抑制作用.方法 采用MTT比色法测定柔红霉素(DNR)的半数抑制量(IC50);流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡;RT-PCR法检测mdr-1基因mRNA表达.结果 DNR对K562/A02的IC50为19.4 mg/L.5-AZA、藤黄酸和两药联合处理K562/A02细胞后,DNR的IC50值分别为11.1 mg/L、10.5 mg/L和7.1 mg/L.5-AZA与藤黄酸联合应用可增加K562/A02的凋亡.分别单独应用5-AZA、藤黄酸作用后耐药株mdr-1 mRNA下调微弱,两药联合作用后耐药株mdr-1 mRNA下调.结论 5-AZA、藤黄酸均能抑制耐药白血病细胞株K562/A02细胞,联合使用具有协同作用.     

环孢菌素A联合干扰素对白血病细胞株的多药耐药逆转的实验研究

目的：观察联合逆转剂对白血病细胞株多药耐药（MDR）的逆转作用，提高化疗的敏感性，方法：用环孢菌素A（CsA)和干扰素－α（INF-α）单独或联合逆转多药耐药细胞株K562／A02对柔红霉素（DNR）的耐药，药敏试验采用MTT法，同时用流式细胞仪检测逆转前后P糖蛋白（PgP)表达的变化及细胞内DNR浓度分布情况。结果：DNR对K562／A02及K562／S细胞的半数细胞抑制剂量（IC50）分别为7．3μg/ml和0．2μg/ml，CsA联合INF－α后明显增强DNR对K562／A02的细胞毒作用，IC60由7．3μg/ml降低到0．7μg/ml，而对K562／S细胞无影响，且逆转后细胞内DNR浓度明显增加，PgP表达无明显变化，结论：CsA和IFN－α联合能使白血病细胞株K562／A02对DNA的敏感性增加，具有逆转多药耐药的作用。     

2-氯脱氧腺苷对多药耐药白血病细胞的毒性实验研究

目的　探讨 2 -氯脱氧腺苷 (2 - CDA)对多药耐药白血病细胞 (K5 6 2 / A0 2 )的毒性作用。方法　细胞毒实验采用 MTT法 ,二药合用时细胞毒性作用采用 Chou- Talalay联合指数法分析。结果　 2 - CDA对 K5 6 2和K5 6 2 / A0 2的 IC50 分别为 (2 3.9± 2 .4) nmol/ L 和 (137.6± 12 .7) nm ol/ L(P<0 .0 5 )。 2 - CDA与柔红霉素 (DNR)联合应用时 ,对 K5 6 2细胞的联合指数分别是 1.0 ,对 K5 6 2 / A0 2细胞为 5 .1。结论　 2 - CDA对敏感白血病细胞具有明显细胞毒性作用。多药耐药白血病细胞对 2 - CDA不敏感。2 - CDA与 DNR联合应用时 ,对敏感白血病细胞的毒性为相加作用 ,对多药耐药白血病细胞的毒性为拮抗作用。     

中华眼镜蛇毒组分CⅡ对多药耐药肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

目的:研究中华眼镜蛇毒组分CⅡ(FCⅡNNAV)对多药耐药KBv200和K562/A02细胞的抑制作用。方法:应用MTT法观察FCⅡNNAV对KB、KBv200、K562和K562/A02细胞的毒性作用,DNALadder和流式细胞仪观察FCⅡNNAV体外诱导K562/A02凋亡的作用。结果:FCⅡNNAV对KB和耐药KBv200细胞以及K562和耐药K562/A02细胞均有抑制作用,IC50分别为0.87±0.15和1.07±0.08、0.67±0.11和0.75±0.01μg·ml-1。DNALadder和流式细胞仪检测FCⅡNNAV能明显诱导细胞K562/A02凋亡。结论:FCⅡNNAV对敏感细胞KB、K562及耐药细胞KBv200、K562/A02均有较强的抑制作用,FCⅡNNAV能明显诱导耐药K562/A02细胞凋亡,这可能是其抗肿瘤多药耐药机制之一。     

米非司酮联合三氧化二砷对K562/ADM的逆转作用及其机制

目的:探讨米非司酮(mifepristone)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)对K562/ADM的逆转作用及机制研究。方法:不同浓度米非司酮、As2O3处理细胞72h,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、分光光度法检测细胞谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:10μmol.L-1的米非司酮对K562/ADM细胞无明显杀伤,可有效逆转K562/ADM细胞耐药性,此浓度米非司酮联合As2O3(2.0μmol.L-1)作用于K562/ADM细胞后,逆转倍数明显增高(P<0.01),GSH含量明显低于同浓度单用药组(P<0.05)。对细胞增殖抑制及其诱导凋亡的效果均明显高于同浓度单用药组(P<0.05)。结论:米非司酮联合As2O3逆转作用增强,机制可能与凋亡加强及GSH含量改变有关。     

MEK抑制剂联合三氧化二砷对髓系白血病细胞凋亡的研究

目的:研究MEK抑制剂PD98059联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)对髓系白血病细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:将PD98059、As2O3单独或联合作用于髓系白血病细胞系HL-60、K562细胞,用AnnexinV-FITC法检测细胞凋亡,用流式细胞术检测Bcl-2、Caspapse-3表达。结果:联合组与单用组相比,细胞凋亡率明显增高。Bcl-2在HL-60、K562细胞均高水平表达。As2O3明显抑制HL-60细胞Bcl-2表达,对K562细胞Bcl-2无明显抑制作用。单用PD98059、As2O3及两药合用在诱导HL-60、K562细胞凋亡过程中,活化caspapse-3均明显上升,两药合用较单用PD98059或As2O3活化caspapse-3明显升高。结论:PD98059联合As2O3同时抑制ERK/MAPK和Bcl-2,激活Caspase酶,对HL-60细胞有协同促凋亡效应。两药联合同时靶向作用ERK/MAPK和BCR/ABL,活化Caspase酶,协同诱导K562细胞凋亡。PD98059可增强As2O3对髓系白血病细胞的凋亡诱导作用。     

半夏水提取液逆转多药耐药细胞系K562/A02耐药性的研究

目的观察非细胞毒性浓度半夏水提取液对耐阿霉素的人白血病细胞系K562/A02多药耐药性的逆转作用,并探讨其逆转机制.方法采用MTT法测定半夏水提取液的细胞毒性及其对K562/A02细胞敏感性的影响,用流式细胞仪检测非细胞毒性浓度的半夏水提取液处理后K562/A02细胞膜表面糖蛋白P170表达的变化.结果半夏水提取液对K562/A02细胞有一定的细胞毒作用,非细胞毒性浓度半夏水提取液可显著降低阿霉素对K562/A02细胞的IC50,显著降低细胞膜糖蛋白P170的表达.结论半夏水提取液可部分逆转多药耐药细胞系K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的耐药性.     

干扰α烯醇化酶对耐药细胞株K562/A02耐药性的影响

目的肿瘤耐药的产生是肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因之一,α烯醇化酶(eno1)与肿瘤细胞耐药产生和发展密切相关。探究eno1对人慢性粒细胞白血病耐药细胞株K562/A02生长及耐药的影响。方法筛选3株稳定干扰eno1的细胞系K562/A02-sheno1和对照细胞系K562/A02-shcon;采用细胞计数法测定细胞生长速率,MTT法测定细胞增殖能力,细胞内罗丹明123含量测定细胞外排药物能力,real-time PCR反应测定基因mRNA表达水平,Western blot实验测定基因蛋白表达水平。结果与敏感性细胞株K562相比,eno1在耐药细胞株K562/A02中为高表达状态,其在mRNA水平和蛋白水平表达分别增高(2.85±0.56)倍和(1.43±0.05)倍;而K562/A02细胞生长速率与K562细胞相比差异无显著性。K562/A02-sheno1细胞系与对照组K562/A02-shcon相比生长速率降低,对抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇和阿霉素的敏感性均增强,且K562/A02-sheno1细胞系中罗丹明123含量也明显增高。K562/A02-sheno1细胞系中耐药相关基因MDR1表达水平降低。结论稳定干扰eno1表达能抑制K562/A02细胞生长,有效逆转K562/A02细胞耐药性,提高其对药物的敏感性,其机制与MDR1基因表达相关。     

麻黄碱逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药性的研究

目的：观察非细胞毒性质量浓度的麻黄碱对耐药的白血病细胞株（KS62／A02）多药耐药性的逆转作用，并探讨其逆转机制。方法：用MTT法检测麻黄碱的细胞毒作用；用流式细胞仪检测非细胞毒性浓度的麻黄碱处理后K562／A02细胞膜表面糖蛋白P170表达及功能的变化。结果：麻黄碱对K562／A02有一定的细胞毒作用，其非细胞质量浓度（IC10）为75mg·L^-1，非细胞毒性质量浓度的麻黄碱对K562／A02细胞对阿霉素的耐药性有部分逆转作用（5．67倍），作用于K562／A02细胞后，细胞膜糖蛋白P170的表达从（85．3±5．5）％下调至（34．8±1．2）％，DNR外渗试验显示，细胞内化疗药物的质量浓度明显增加。结论：麻黄碱通过下调K562／A02细胞膜糖蛋白P170的表达，抑制其将化疗药物“泵”出细胞外的功能，提高化疗药物在K562／A02细胞内的有效质量浓度，能部分逆转K562／A02细胞的多药耐药性。     

三氧化二砷单用或联用化疗药物对多药耐药白血病细胞的毒性研究

目的探讨三氧化二砷（As     

洛美利嗪对人白血病细胞K562/ADM多药耐药的逆转作用

目的：研究洛美利嗪(lomerizine，Lom)对人白血病细胞K562／ADM多药耐药逆转作用及机制。方法：使用MTT法检测Lom对K562／ADM多药耐药细胞柔红霉素(DNR)细胞毒性的影响，使用荧光分光光度计和流式细胞术分析Lom对K562／ADM多药耐药细胞胞内P—糖蛋白(P—glycoprotein，P—gp)底物—罗丹明123(rhodamine 123，Rh123)的累积情况。结果：Lom能明显提高DNR对K562／ADM多药耐药细胞的细胞毒作用，并可使胞内Rh123的浓度增加。K562敏感细胞株则不受影响。结论：Lom能显地抑制：K562／ADM多药耐药细胞上P—gp的活性，提高P—gp底物的胞内浓度，并增强其他抗癌药的细胞毒作用。     

Increase in doxorubicin cytotoxicity by inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity with lomerizine

Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major problem during cancer treatment. One mechanism for drug resistance is overexpression of the MDR (multidrug resistance)1 gene encoding the transmembrane efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil, nifedipine and nicardipine have been shown to reverse cellular drug resistance by inhibiting P-gp drug efflux. This study evaluated whether a new calcium channel blocker, lomerizine, influenced doxorubicin (Dox) cytotoxicity and P-gp activity in a P-gp-expressing cell line compared to a non-expressing subline. Verapamil, and even more markedly, lomerizine, increased cellular uptake of calcein transported by P-gp in a P-gp-expressing erythroleukemia cell line, K562-Dox. Ten microM of lomerizine reduced the IC50 of doxorubicin in the K562-Dox from 60000 ng/ml to 800 ng/ml, whereas the IC50 of doxorubicin in the K562 subline was only marginally affected by these drugs. Lomerizine showed greater reduction in P-gp efflux than verapamil at an equimolar concentration. These results suggest that lomerizine has the clinical potential to reverse tumor MDR involving the efflux protein P-gp.     

The absence of stereoselective P-glycoprotein- and multidrug resistance-associated protein-mediated transport of daunorubicin

Multidrug resistance phenotype in mammalian cells is often correlated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1). Both proteins are energy-dependent drug efflux pumps that efficiently reduce the intracellular accumulation and hence the cytotoxicity of many natural cytotoxins. Thus, both P-gp and MRP1 proteins are able to transport anthracycline but the role of chirality has not, up to now, been addressed. In this study, we compared the P-gp- and MRP1-mediated efflux of daunorubicin and its enantiomer WP900 in multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing either P-gp (K562/ADR cells) or MRP1 (GLC4/ADR cells). Using fluorescence techniques, we showed that in both cell lines the presence of the pump yielded a gradient of drug concentration: the intracellular free drug concentration in the cytosol was lower than the extracellular free drug concentration. Our data showed that the gradient of concentration generated by the pump was the same whether DNR or WP900 was used. This means that P-gp on the one hand and MRP1 on the other recognise WP900 as well as DNR and that the chirality of the molecule plays no role.     

三氧化二砷诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡的作用机制研究

目的 :观察三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )对K5 6 2 ADM细胞的诱导凋亡效应 ,探讨其作用机制。方法 :应用噻唑蓝 (MTT)比色法、Wright Giemsa染色、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞术 (FCM)观察K5 6 2 ADM细胞凋亡 ;FCM测定K5 6 2 ADM细胞Fas、Bcl 2、P5 3蛋白水平的变化 ;比色法检测Caspase3活性变化。结果 :As2 O3 可抑制K5 6 2 ADM细胞增殖 ;K5 6 2 ADM呈典型凋亡形态改变 ;DNA电泳可见梯状条带出现 ;FCM分析示亚G1期细胞比例增高 ,G2 M期阻滞 ;Fas、P5 3蛋白表达明显上调 ;Caspase3活性明显增强。结论 :As2 O3 可通过Fas依赖性Caspase3激活而诱导K5 6 2 ADM细胞凋亡。     

Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline compound B3 inhibited P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in-vitro and in-vivo

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in tumour chemotherapy. A promising approach to reverse MDR is the combined use of nontoxic and potent P-gp inhibitor with conventional anticancer drugs. We have examined the potential of a newly synthesized tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative B3 as a MDR-reversing agent. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to examine the effect of B3 on the cytotoxicity in K562/A02 and MCF-7/ADM cells caused by doxorubicin (adriamycin). Accumulation and efflux of P-gp substrate rhodamine123 in K562/A02 and primary cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs) were measured to evaluate the inhibitory effect of B3 on P-gp. The K562/A02 xenograft model in nude mice was established to examine MDR-reversing efficacy of B3 in-vivo. The results indicated that co-administration of B3 resulted in an increase on chemosensitivity of K562/A02 and MCF-7/ADM cells to doxorubicin in a dose-dependent manner. Rhodamine123 accumulation in K562/A02 cells and RBMECs were significantly enhanced after the incubation with various concentrations of B3. Furthermore, B3 inhibited the efflux of rhodamine123 from RBMECs. Co-administration of B3 with doxorubicin significantly decreased weight and volume of tumour in nude mice. In conclusion, B3 is a novel and potent MDR reversal agent with the potential to be an adjunctive agent for tumour chemotherapy.     

AGEs与其受体相互作用与K562及K562/A02细胞耐药性

目的观察晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)与其受体相互作用是否与K562及K562/A02细胞对阿霉素(ADM)耐药性相关。方法用流式细胞术检测K562及K562/A02细胞晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达和细胞凋亡率,CCK-8法观察AGEs对K562及K562/A02细胞增殖的影响,计算AGEs作用下两种细胞对ADM的半抑制浓度(IC50)值,用半定量RT-PCR检测mdr1mRNA相对表达水平。结果 K562与K562/A02细胞RAGE表达比较差异无统计学意义。AGEs可呈浓度和依赖性促进K562及K562/A02细胞增殖(P<0.05);AGEs作用K562及K562/A02细胞48h后,K562细胞mdr1mRNA及P-gp的表达均为阴性,K562/A02细胞mdr1mRNA及P-gp的表达与不加AGEs组比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 AGEs不能改变K562细胞对ADM的敏感性,同时亦不能改变K562/A02细胞对ADM的耐药性;AGEs与其受体相互作用与K562及K562/A02细胞耐药性无关。     

四氢异喹啉类化合物HZ08逆转白血病K562/DOX细胞多药耐药性的试验研究

目的:探讨四氢异喹啉类化合物HZ08对人白血病多药耐药K562/DOX细胞的逆转作用及其可能的机制。方法:采用MTT法检测HZ08的体外细胞毒性及其对阿霉素(DOX)的增敏作用,采用逆转倍数(RF)值评价其逆转效果;应用流式细胞仪分析细胞内罗丹明123(Rh123)潴留量的变化和DOX浓度,评价P糖蛋白(P-gp)的功能;采用Western blot法及免疫细胞化学法测定mdr1基因产物P-gp的表达;同时以人白血病敏感细胞株K562/S细胞为对照进行比较试验。结果:与K562/S细胞比较,HZ08可明显增强DOX对K562/DOX的细胞毒性,RF值增加;HZ08能浓度相关性地增加K562/DOX细胞对Rh123的摄取以及细胞内Rh123的潴留,明显抑制P-gp介导的Rh123外排;K562/DOX细胞膜上P-gp呈强阳性表达,但HZ08对K562/DOX细胞P-gp表达水平无明显影响;HZ08可显著增加K562/DOX细胞内DOX浓度。结论:HZ08可通过抑制K562/DOX细胞P-gp的功能、增加耐药细胞内DOX的浓度而增强K562/DOX细胞对DOX的敏感性,其可能成为有效的多药耐药逆转剂的候选药物。     

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated leukemia multi-drug resistance through the NF-kappaB pathway

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the obstacles for leukemia therapy, the major cause is an overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) leading to increased drug efflux. We investigated the reversion of multi-drug resistance and the possible mechanism by which the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib affects the expression of the multi-drug resistance gene mdrl in the K562/DNR cell line. The drug resistance of the cells and the cellular toxicity of bortezomib were confirmed by MTT. Intracellular drug concentrations and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of mdrl mRNA was examined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) and P-gp were detected by western blotting, and NF-kappaB activity was detected by ELISA. DNR-induced apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner after adding bortezomib. Bortezomib decreased IkappaB degradation, decreased NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB p65 activity, reduced P-gp/mdr1 mRNA expression, and increased the intracellular DNR concentration in K562/DNR cells in vitro. The bortezomib reversed leukemic multi-drug resistance in a dose-dependent manner as the result of decreasing IkappaB degradation, thus preventing the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus and leading the down-regulation of mdr1 and a reduction in P-gp expression. Therefore, the intracellular drug concentration increased, and then apoptosis was induced.