左胸大肌部分伴双侧胸小肌缺如1例

在解剖一尸体标本时,见其左侧的胸大肌下半缺如,且双侧胸小肌缺如,此变异情况较为少见,为积累资料并供临床外科手术参考,现报道如下:尸体系男性,约35岁,身长1.69m,发育正常,胸部未见手术疤痕。翻开其胸前区皮肤及浅、深筋膜后,见其左侧胸大肌起自锁骨内侧半、胸骨柄及第1～2肋软骨,止于肱骨大结节嵴,其下缘平     

双侧副胸锁乳突肌与胸骨肌相连1例

在局解教学过程中 ,发现一例双侧副胸锁乳突肌与胸骨柄相连的变异 ,较为罕见 ,故报道如下。女性 ,70岁左右。变异肌肉位于深筋膜深面、胸锁乳突肌及胸大肌的浅表 ,呈“Ｘ”形 (附图 )。两侧副胸锁乳突肌于胸骨柄水平处以中间腱相连后止于胸骨柄前面 ,肌腹 (宽约 1.5ｃｍ ,厚约 1.0ｃｍ)向两侧外上方斜行约 18ｃｍ后止位于两侧颞骨乳突外侧面、胸锁乳突肌止点浅表。胸大肌浅表尚有两变异肌肉起于胸大肌下缘 (第 5～ 6肋间 ) ,向内上方斜行约 16ｃｍ后连于中间腱。右侧肌腹较大 ,下缘宽约 8ｃｍ ;左侧肌腹较小 ,宽约 4ｃｍ。中间腱又借胸大肌…     

胸骨肌与双侧胸锁乳突肌相连变异1例

笔者在局解教学过程中,发现一例双侧胸骨肌没有退化,而且与双侧胸锁乳突肌连为一体变异。现报道如下：     

胸大肌前三条变异肌

在解剖一具成年男性尸体中发现胸大肌前有三条变异肌 ,左侧两条 ,右侧一条 ,均为纵行排列。现报导如下 :左侧第 1条为内侧靠近前正中线。长为1 1 .5cm,上端起于胸骨左侧 ,下端止于第 5肋 ,上端肌宽 2 cm,下端肌宽 1 cm,肌的上端内侧缘距前正中线 0 .5cm,下端肌内侧缘距前正中线 2 cm。左侧第 2条在第 1条的外侧 ,长为 1 2 .5cm,上端起于 2～ 3肋间 ,内侧缘距正中线4.5cm,下端止于第 5肋下缘 ,内侧缘距前正中线 4cm,上端肌宽 2 cm,距前正中线 3 .5cm,下端肌宽 3 .5cm。右侧 1条肌肉长 1 3 cm,上端起于胸骨角右侧 ,下端止于第 6肋上缘 ,上端肌…     

双侧胸大肌异常1例

<正>在解剖一具成年男性尸体标本时,见其双侧胸大肌肌束异,查阅文献资料未见此类报道。为积累人类学资料并供临床外科手术参考,现报道如下:     

左侧三角肌锁骨部变异及左侧胸大肌、胸小肌缺如1例

成年女尸剥离胸部皮肤,取去左乳房,没有发现胸大、小肌,切开左乳房,其基底部没有发现任何肌纤维,左胸无胸大、小肌的起点纤维,在左肱骨的大结节,左肩胛骨喙突无胸大、小肌的止点纤维。左侧三角肌的锁骨部特别长和粗大,起点直至左胸锁关节。三角肌从肱骨大结节上端到锁骨部最内的起点,左侧为12.3cm,右侧10.5cm,从大结节上端到三角肌前缘中点的距离,左侧为11.7cm,右侧为5.3cm,三角肌前缘,左侧长22.5cm,右侧长17.     

胸锁乳突肌与胸骨肌变异1例

笔者在解剖实验课上解剖一具男尸标本,发现其双侧胸骨肌未完全退化,并与双侧胸锁乳突肌相连变异,现报道如下：     

双侧胸前肌变异1例

笔者在解剖1具成年女尸标本时,发现其双侧胸大肌表面出现不明肌肉1块,对称分布,暂命名"胸前肌"(图1),现报道如下. 该例双侧胸前肌均为阔肌,以腱膜起自胸骨角周围的胸骨侧缘及第2、3肋表面的胸大肌筋膜,肌束呈扁带状于胸大肌起始部的表面向外下走行,末端分为4～5个肌齿以腱膜止于第6～8肋的外面,下部的肌齿被胸大肌最下方的单独肌束覆盖.     

右上肢肌肉肥厚变异畸形1例

患者男性，7岁，主诉右上肢肥厚并手腕手指畸形入住我科。该患儿为第2胎足月顺产，出生后即被发现右上肢较左上肢明显肥厚，为均匀性肥大，以三角肌、前臂、手掌犹为明显(图1)。右手各指指间隙显著增宽，腕关节及各掌指、指间关节明显肥大，拇指位置接近腕关节。肘关节活动度基本正常，腕关节活动度差。夹持物体用示指及其余三指对掌完成，拇指对掌功能     

Bilateral variation of the pectoralis minor muscle discovered during practical dissection

We describe a case of an original insertion of the pectoralis minor on the coracohumeral ligament, supraspinatus tendon and the capsule of the glenohumeral joint. This variation has been described in anatomy textbooks since the nineteenth century. The peculiarity of this case is that the right shoulder presented type 2 and the left type 1 of the three varieties described by Le Double in 1897. Le Double (1843–1913) was a French anatomist who wrote a treaty on anatomical variations, in particular those of the muscle. Lately, only three publications have reported this variation in anatomic studies. Some authors have described the rotator cuff syndrome caused by this variation and an ultrasound study has demonstrated a frequency of 9.57% for the detection of this variation. It is possible to try and find this variation while investigating in order to diagnose impingement, through ultrasound, CT arthrography or MRI. We believe that this variation should be taken into consideration by surgeons during surgical procedures and arthroscopy.     

Bilateral total renal dysplasia: a case report

Bilateral total renal dysplasia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly associated with Potter's facies. We report an autopsy case of a stillborn male child. Histopathology is showing persistence of structures not seen in normal development.     

双侧输尿管完全型重复畸形1例

患者，男，37岁，左侧腰背部不适2月，行腹部CT检查，平扫示：左上肾盏及输尿管扩张识水，肾实质变薄，右肾实质未见异常，右肾似见两条输尿管增强扫描示：古肾实质强化未见异常，右肾见上、下两个肾盂及输尿管，下降过程中两根输尿管前后重叠，在盆腔入口处见两条输尿管左右分开显影，肾盂及输尿管显影未见异常，无扩张（图1，3）；左肾上极变薄的肾实质强化程度减低，相连的肾盂、     

双侧肩胛提肌变异1例

笔者在对一具年龄约55岁女性尸体进行解剖时发现其肩胛提肌有4个肌腹，且有一肌束止点变异，经查阅文献资料，本例所见异常未见记载，现报道如下：     

双侧肱二头肌额外头1例

在解剖一具约30岁男性尸体时发现双侧肱二头肌变异，在正常肱二头肌内侧出现额外头，报道如下。     

Bilateral stress fracture of the patellae: a case report

A case of bilateral simultaneous stress fracture of the patella is presented in a 64 year old Marathon runner sustained when he slipped off a curb whilst out walking. This was confirmed on Xray and treated by tension band wiring using the AO technique. He had an excellent result returning to normal function in both knees. This case is unusual since the fractures were not due to osteoporosis, as would be expected in this age group.