戒断时程对甲基苯丙胺依赖者冲动性选择与渴求的影响

目的本研究旨在探讨不同戒断时间的甲基苯丙胺依赖者冲动性选择、非诱导性渴求及药物相关环境线索诱导的渴求的变化规律。方法采用爱荷华赌博任务(IowaGambling Task)对戒断6天(6 d),14天(14 d),1个月(1m),3个月(3 m),6个月(6 m)和1年(1 y)的甲基苯丙胺依赖者以及正常对照者的冲动性选择进行评估;给予戒断6 d,14 d,1 m,3 m,6 m和1 y的甲基苯丙胺依赖者中性和药物相关线索暴露,在线索给予之前和之后采用视觉模拟尺分别进行渴求评分。结果随戒断时间的延长,甲基苯丙胺依赖者的冲动性选择呈现逐渐恢复的过程;甲基苯丙胺短期戒断组(6 d,14 d,1 m和3 m)的决策能力都有损伤,但6 m与12 m两组与正常对照已无显著差异。在未给予药物相关线索之前,甲基苯丙胺依赖者的渴求随戒断时间的延长而下降;在戒断3 m之前,有效的药物线索暴露诱导的渴求随戒断时间的延长而增加,而在戒断6 m和1 y时有所回落。结论甲基苯丙胺依赖者戒断后,随戒断时间的延长,冲动性选择与非诱导性渴求趋于改善,但药物相关环境线索诱导的渴求存在"潜伏"现象,这提示药物相关环境线索诱导的渴求所引起的复吸风险可能随着戒断持续存在或者增加。     

喹硫平治疗酒依赖患者稽延性戒断症状的效果观察

目的探讨喹硫平治疗酒依赖者稽延性戒断症状的效果。方法选取2016年5月至2017年5月本院收治的160例酒依赖急性期戒酒患者作为本次研究的研究对象,根据随机原则将160例患者随机分为对照组(n=80例)和观察组(n=80例),对照组采用维生素治疗,观察组采用200~400 mg/d喹硫平治疗,比较治疗前后视觉模拟渴求量表(VAS量表)评分及宾西法尼亚酒精渴求量表(PACS量表)评分的变化情况。结果治疗前,对照组及观察组的VAS量表评分、PACS量表评分比较,统计结果均显示P>0.05,无统计学意义。治疗后,治疗后,对照组及观察组的VAS量表评分、PACS量表评分均显著低于治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组,均有P<0.05。结论在酒依赖急性戒断后患者中施以喹硫平治疗,可有效缓解患者的心理渴求等稽延性戒断症状。     

海洛因依赖者自然戒断后免疫学动态变化

目的 :研究海洛因依赖者自然戒断后 3个月内不同时点的免疫系统及相关激素水平的变化。方法 :2 5例海洛因依赖者在戒断后 4 8h、30d、6 0d、90d测查IL - 1β、IL - 6和sIL - 2R ,IgA、IgG和IgM ,补体C3、C4以及COR和PRL水平的变化 ,并与 15例正常受试者进行比较。结果 :与正常对照组比较 ,海洛因依赖者的IL - 1β在自然戒断后 4 8h较低 ,此后各时点与正常对照组比较无显著性差异 ;IL - 6在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较低水平 ;sIL - 2R则在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较高水平 ;IgA ,IgM在自然戒断后各时点均保持在较低水平 ,补体C3、C4在自然戒断后 4 8h检测值较低 ,90d恢复至正常 ;COR在自然戒断后 6 0d内各时点检测值均较高 ,PRL在戒断 4 8h内检测值较低 ,COR和PRL在戒断 90d后恢复至正常水平。结论 :海洛因依赖者免疫系统及内分泌系统会发生某些改变 ,自然戒断后 ,有些改变会很快恢复正常 ,但有些则会持续超过 3个月。     

心理干预对酒依赖患者心理健康状况及疗效的影响

酒依赖是指由反复饮酒所致的对酒渴求的一种特殊心理状态，表现为对酒的渴求和经常需要饮酒的强迫性体验。戒酒后复饮率高，给家庭和社会带来极大危害，受到全社会人们的关注。如何能有效地戒酒，降低戒酒后复饮率，同时又最大限度地恢复其社会功能，及时回归社会，适应社会，是人们一直在寻求的目标。     

社会心理干预改善酒依赖患者应对方式、领悟社会支持、心理渴求的对照研究

目的:探讨社会心理干预对酒依赖患者的应对方式、领悟社会支持、心理渴求的影响。方法:选取90例酒依赖患者随机分为对照组和干预组,对照组接受常规戒酒治疗,干预组在接受常规戒酒治疗的基础上给予社会心理干预,共6周。干预前后采用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、渴求视表(VAS)进行评价。干预后6月末随访,并评价两组患者的复饮情况。结果:干预6周后干预组的SCSQ各因子分、PSSS总分、VAS评分均显著优于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后对照组仅VAS评分显著低于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后,干预组的SCSQ各因子分、PSSS总分、VAS评分均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后6月末随访,研究组患者的复饮率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:社会心理干预能够改善酒依赖患者的应对方式、领悟社会支持、心理渴求状况,降低复饮率。     

79例酒依赖者戒断治疗中血压升高的临床分析

目的:观察79例酒依赖者戒断治疗中血压的变化并加以分析。方法:对2004年6月-2006年6月住院的79例酒依赖者在初入院尚未进行戒断治疗之前测首次平卧位血压,开始戒断治疗第1-3天连续监测3次不同时间的平卧位血压。治疗后血压与初入院时血压用t检验进行比较。结果:79例酒依赖者开始戒断治疗时平卧位血压,有非常显著的差异性(P<0.01),开始戒断治疗后的血压呈现明显的上升趋向,其中62例出现不同程度的血压升高,占79%。结论:酒依赖者在戒断治疗中血压升高。     

大鼠酒精戒断后焦虑行为的研究进展

酒依赖是精神科最常见的物质依赖之一,可导致多种躯体疾病和精神障碍,加重个体及社会的经济负担.酒依赖是反复饮酒引起的一种特殊心理状态,表现为对酒的强烈渴求和满足心理、躯体的一种需求,它贯穿于整个依赖过程.酒依赖戒断者大多存在不同程度的焦虑症状[1],特别是戒酒初期,焦虑症状尤其突出.     

HANS治疗仪对男性戒断期酒依赖患者心理渴求的作用

目的:评价HANS治疗仪对男性酒依赖患者戒断期心理渴求的影响。方法:将92例符合ICD-10中酒依赖诊断标准的戒断期男性患者随机分成两组:HANS组(治疗组)45例,给予2/100 Hz经皮穴位电刺激(HANS);Mock-HANS组(对照组)47例,给予模拟经皮穴位电刺激(Mock-HANS),为期15 d。比较两组酒精心理渴求评分(视觉模拟标尺,VAS)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)和心率及血压变化。结果:(1)HANS组心理渴求分值(VAS)在治疗后d10(0.98±s 0.85 vs.1.6±s 1.35,P<0.05)和d15差异有显著性(0.67±s 0.76 vs.1.6±s 1.35,P<0.001),Mock-HANS组的下降差异无显著性;在治疗15 d时HANS组较Mock-HANS组的VAS分值差异有极显著性(0.67±s0.76 vs.1.84±s 0.87,P<0.001);(2)HANS组的GGT在治疗后下降差异有显著性(88.5±s 70.0 vs.198.1±s83.2,P<0.05),同时也低于Mock-HANS组的治疗后GGT的平均值(88.5±s 70.0 vs.144.0±s 85.2,P<0.05);(3)经治疗15 d后HANS组的收缩压和舒张压较治疗前下降明显(103.9±s 6.1 vs.126.7±s 14.1;68.7±s 6.0 vs.81.6±s 8.6,P均<0.05),而Mock-HANS组差异无显著性;(4)HANS组的心率在治疗15 d后下降差异有显著(70.5±s 2.8 vs.83.6±s 4.4,P<0.05),Mock-HANS组治疗后的心率变化差异无显著性。结獉论獉:HANS治疗仪能减轻戒断期酒依赖者的心理渴求程度,辅助改善血中GGT指标,降低酒依赖患者的心率、血压,对酒依赖患者的戒断期有一定的辅助治疗作用。     

96例酒精依赖者夫妻关系调查及原因分析

酒依赖患者是长期反复饮酒而引起对酒渴求的一种心理状态,也是一种精神障碍.主要表现为以酒为中心;影响家庭、事业、社交等;对酒有强烈的渴求感;饮酒模式固定,尤以晨饮为特点;一旦停饮或饮酒量减少,会出现戒断症状;对酒的耐受增高等为主要特征.本文对在河北省第六人民医院自愿戒酒治疗的96例酒依赖者夫妻关系状况进行调查,现报道如下:     

氯胺酮依赖综合征的临床特点研究

目的:探讨氯胺酮依赖综合征的临床特点,为诊治这一病症和宣传教育提供依据。方法:对在广州市脑科医院物质依赖科住院治疗的52例氯胺酮依赖者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:氯胺酮依赖综合征的耐受性增加以吸食氯胺酮次数增加为主,28.8%的患者耐受性增加表现不明显,即吸食次数和剂量不定,随环境变化而不同。停吸后戒断症状的出现时间为6-72(24.6±s 18.2)h,极期1-4(2.1±s 1.0)d,持续时间2-10(4.3±s 2.0)d。55.8%患者戒断症状不太明显且可忍受。戒断症状多为主观症状,如焦虑、烦躁不安,易激惹、易发脾气、冲动和失眠等。入院时患者视觉类比量表(VAS)评分为2-10(5.1±s 2.3)分。48.1%的患者心理渴求表现为经常性渴求状态,主动觅药,但觅药行为并未失控,在条件不允许的情况下可控制觅药行为;28.8%的患者表现为条件性或环境性渴求和觅药。患者住院治疗后疗效较好。结论:氯胺酮依赖综合征表现不典型,戒断症状轻,主要表现为主观症状。应根据其特点进行宣传教育和预防。     

CATECHOLAMINE INACTIVATION IN UTERINE TISSUES: CHANGES IN PREGNANCY IN THE RAT

1. In vitro metabolism of [3H]-(-)-noradrenaline (3H-NA), 0.2 mumol/l, was measured in rat endometrial and myometrial slices at different stages of gestation and compared with that in dioestrous rats. Metabolism of 3H-NA, 0.2 mumol/l, was measured in rat placental slices from day 14 of gestation onwards. 2. 3H-NA was metabolized mainly by deamination in rat myometrium, with [3H]-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, (3H-DOPEG) being the major metabolite. Cocaine, 30 mumol/l, inhibited 3H-DOPEG formation and the amount of 3H-NA remaining in the tissue. O-methylated metabolite formation was unaffected by cocaine. 3. O-methylation and deamination were equally active pathways for metabolizing 3H-NA in rat endometrium. O-methylation to [3H]-normetanephrine (3H-NMN) predominated in the placenta. In both tissues O-methylated metabolite formation was inhibited by 30 mumol/l cocaine. 4. In myometrium, metabolite formation per gram was constant in the first half of pregnancy and was similar to that in dioestrous animals. By day 17 of gestation, however, [3H]-O-methylated deaminated metabolites (3H-OMDA), comprising 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxy-phenylethylene glycol and vanillylmandelic acid, and 3H-NMN formation were less than in dioestrous animals. 5. Endometrial 3H-NMN and 3H-DOPEG formation per gram were higher in rats at day 5 of gestation than in dioestrous rats but metabolite formation per gram declined thereafter to reach values equal to (3H-DOPEG) or less than (3H-OMDA and 3H-NMN) those in dioestrous rats. 6. 3H-NMN and 3H-OMDA formation per gram decreased from day 14 to day 20 of gestation in rat placentae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

2005年北京地区海洛因毒品中稀释剂的分析

目的:对2005年收缴的"零包"海洛因毒品中的稀释剂进行分析。方法:准确称取可疑毒品适量,用SKF525做内标,用乙醇配制成1.0mg.kg-1的样品溶液,取1μl进行GC/MS分析。结果:在408份"零包"海洛因毒品中,检测出含有机稀释剂的323份,占79.2%。检测出的有机稀释剂是烟酰胺(231份,占总份数的56.6%)、咖啡因(135份,占总份数的33.1%)、扑热息痛(51份,占总份数的12.5%)、氨基比林(39份,占总份数的9.6%)、茶碱(37份,占总份数的9.1%)、非那西丁(29份,占总份数的7.1%)、脑复康(28份,占总份数的6.9%)、镇静催眠药(10份,占总份数的2.4%)、曲马朵及其它(10份,占总份数的2.4%)。结论:北京地区"零包"海洛因毒品中多数有有机稀释剂,且种类繁多。脑复康是一个新发现的稀释剂。     

PRESENCE OF CHOLINOCEPTORS IN MESENCEPHALIC RAPHE NUCLEI CONCERNED IN THERMOREGULATION IN RABBITS

1. The thermal effects of cholinomimetics and cholinoceptor blocking agents microinjected into mesencephalic nucleus raphe medianus (NRM) were investigated in rabbits to determine the nature and role of these cholinoceptors in thermoregulation. 2. Microinjection of cholinoceptor agonists, carbachol and pilocarpine, into NRM resulted in significant hyperthermia which could be blocked by local pretreatment with chlorisondamine (a nicotinic receptor blocker) as well as by ethybenztropine (a muscarinic receptor blocker). 3. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with LM 5008 (serotonin reuptake blocker) significantly inhibited the carbachol-induced hyperthermia. 4. Both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoceptors are present in mesencephalic NRM which may be involved in thermoregulation in rabbits. Activation of these cholinoceptors in NRM results in hyperthermia which seems to be due to an inhibition of a serotonin sensitive hypothalamic heat loss mechanism.     

反式曲马朵在大鼠肝微粒体O-去甲基代谢中的立体选择性

目的研究反式曲马朵O-去甲基代谢的立体选择性.方法高效毛细管电泳法测定大鼠肝微粒体孵育液中反式曲马朵和O-去甲基曲马朵对映体的浓度,酶促动力学方法研究O-去甲基曲马朵对映体的生成.结果 (-)-O-去甲基曲马朵生成有较大的Vmax;反式曲马朵两对映体间存在相互作用,使(+)-O-去甲基曲马朵生成的Vmax明显减慢;奎宁及奎尼丁对(+)-O-去甲基曲马朵生成的抑制作用较强.结论反式曲马朵O-去甲基代谢有立体选择性,对映体间的相互作用及酶抑制剂使其立体选择性程度加强.     

国产阿克拉霉素A的体内外抗肿瘤作用

国产阿克拉霉素A(aclacinomycin;ACM-A)能明显抑制体外培养小鼠白血病P₃₈₈和人体胃癌SGC-7901细胞的生长。在0.01 μg/ml浓度时能抑制65.4%的克隆形成,ED₅₀为0.0085μg/ml。ACM-A对白血病小鼠有显著治疗作用,延长小鼠生命时间143%,并有半数小鼠获得治疗。对Ehrlich腹水癌和肉瘤-180也有较强的抑制作用,对肉瘤-180的作用与adriamycin相似。ACM-A主要抑制³H-TDR和。H-UR分别参人人体胃癌细胞的DNA和RNA;大剂量时对蛋白质合成也有影响。P₃₈₈细胞实验中证明ACM-A对DNA合成的抑制程度与adriamycin相似,低于daunomycin。     

INCREASE IN HAEMATOCRIT IN BORDERLINE HYPERTENSIVE MEN

1. Haematologic parameters were measured in untreated borderline hypertensive (BHT) men, and weight and age matched with normotensive men to determine whether previously described increased haematocrit (Hct) in established hypertension is evident in borderline hypertension. 2. Haematocrit was significantly increased in BHT men (mean 0.46, s.d. 0.032) compared with normotensive men (mean 0.43, s.d. 0.014) and correlated significantly with mean arterial pressure in this group (r = 0.67, P= 0.036) independent of weight. 3. The correlation of blood pressure with Hct in BHT men supports the concept that increased Hct may contribute to increased blood viscosity and thus to raised arterial pressure.     

HAEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN ACTH-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN SHEEP

1. ACTH (20 μg/kg per day) produced an elevation in blood pressure associated with an increase in cardiac output in conscious sheep, due in the first 72 h to a rise in heart rate. Stroke volume did not rise until the fourth day of ACTH treatment. 2. Calculated total peripheral resistance did not change. 3. Intravenous administration of acebutolol prior to and during ACTH administration did not modify the rise in blood pressure, but this was associated with a rise in total peripheral resistance. 4. These studies show that while ACTH-induced hypertension is usually associated with increased cardiac output, rather than total peripheral resistance it still occurs, but is associated with a rise in total peripheral resistance if the rise in cardiac output is prevented by /J-adrenoreceptor blockade.     

PLASMA LEVELS OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN MAN IN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM, IN GORDON''S SYNDROME AND IN BARTTER''S SYNDROME

Plasma levels of ANP were measured in normal subjects and in three conditions associated with disturbed volume homeostasis. Levels of ANP were appropriately raised in seven patients with primary aldosteronism, and fell to normal following removal of an aldosterone-producing adenoma in six and dexamethasone treatment in one patient with glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. The level of ANP in one patient with Gordon's syndrome (a condition associated with plasma volume expansion) was lower than in the patients with primary aldosteronism, both before and after saline infusion. This is consistent with reduced ANP responsiveness in this condition. responsiveness in this condition. Levels of ANP were inappropriately elevated in three patients with Bartter's syndrome (a condition with plasma volume contraction) and rose further during saline infusion. This is consistent with primary hypersecretion of ANP.     

藿胆丸薄层色谱鉴别方法的改进

本文对《中国药典》收载的藿胆丸的薄层鉴别（2）进行了改进，使操作过程简便、快速，同时减少了溶剂的用量，避免了高浓度碱液对玻璃器皿的损伤。