肺癌蛋白质组学研究进展的启示

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,随着蛋白质组学的发展,其方法应用于肺癌的相关研究,有助于揭示肺癌的发病机制、寻找早期诊断标志物、预测转移与预后及选择治疗方案。科学的内部矛盾以及科技进步推动着肺癌蛋白质组学的不断发展,其发展是一个从还原论到系统论,最终实现还原论与系统论辩证统一的过程。     

肺癌重在早期诊断

肺癌的发病率在许多国家排在第一位，每年死于肺癌的患约占所有死于恶性肿瘤患的1／3。我国肺癌的发病率和死亡率在许多大城市也已上升至首位，随着吸烟人群的增加和空气污染的加重还有逐年上升的趋势。现阶段肺癌是影响人类健康、威胁人类生命的主要疾病之一。目前，世界范围内肺癌经综合治疗5年生存率只有15％，早期肺癌经综合治疗5年生存率可达60％～70％，而晚期肺癌经综合治疗5年生存率不到5％。造成肺癌5年生存率很低的主要原因是确诊时大多已属于中晚期。降低肺癌的发病率主要靠控烟和减少空气污染，而早期诊断和治疗是降低肺癌死亡率和提高5年生存率的有效措施。     

环状RNA在食管鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

正食管癌是世界上常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率和死亡率分别居于第8位和第6位~([1])。食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)是我国食管癌中最常见的组织学类型~([2])。目前主要治疗方式为手术和放化疗,因其高复发率和高侵袭性,5年生存率仅为15%～25%~([3])。因此,为早期诊断、早期治疗寻找合适的分子标志物,提高ESCC患者5年生存率迫在眉睫。环状RNA(circRNAs)不含RNA外切酶,其     

肺癌的早期诊断

原发性支气管肺癌(简称肺癌),为最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前世界上至少在35个国家中肺癌占男性癌症之首位,而女性则有占第2、3位。有报告估计肺癌发病率每年增加10%。肺癌死亡率日渐上升,对人类健康是一个较为重要的威胁,全部肺癌的五年生存率为5～10%,但Ⅰ期肺癌采用手术治疗其五年生存率可达65～80%间。日本医科大学报道中央型肺癌的确诊率1962～1969年为74%,而1977～1979年达到100%,同时间内周围型肺癌从53.6%增高到99.4%。为了达到较好的预后,要获得早期病例,需具备有较敏感的早期诊断方法。本文仅就国内采用的较有诊断价值的方法进行介绍。一、肺癌的临床三个肺癌高危因素可作为诊断依据之一。包     

蛋白质组学在糖尿病肾病诊断及治疗中的应用研究进展

糖尿病肾病是造成糖尿病患者高死亡率的主要原因之一,也是尿毒症的首要原因（占1/3）。糖尿病肾病进展快、疗效差,因此对有糖尿病并发症发展风险的个体进行早期诊断、预防进展及治疗指导极为重要。蛋白质组学在深入探究2型糖尿病的病理生理过程和调控机制方面发挥了重要作用,可用于识别有进展性肾脏疾病风险的个体和预期治疗效果良好的患者。目前已发现许多蛋白质组学生物标志物,但这些生物标志物大多反映糖尿病肾病终末期的疾病状态,缺乏早期诊断特异性和准确性。本文主要对糖尿病肾病潜在的蛋白质组学生物标志物、有肾脏疾病风险患者早期管理等方面文献进行综述,旨在为糖尿病肾病早期诊断及判断疾病进程提供新的思路。     

肺癌筛查技术研究进展

肺癌是世界范围内引起死亡的最常见的恶性肿瘤.大部分病人在疾病晚期才有临床症状,预后很差.相反,如果能早发现Ⅰ期肺癌患者,其5年存活率可达75%.因此对人群进行肺癌筛查,早期发现肺癌,早期手术治疗可以提高5年生存率.本文就目前的肺癌筛查技术包括影像学、痰液相关的检查、血清肺癌标志物及一些新技术做一综述.     

肺癌肿瘤标志物及其检测方法的研究进展

肺癌是肺肿瘤内的单独分支,肺癌发生率与死亡率逐年增高。早期肺癌筛查的方式能够及时发现肺癌的存在,并形成针对性的治疗措施,降低肺癌转移率、复发率与死亡率。肺癌的肿瘤标志物检测在早期肺癌筛查、临床诊断与鉴别、术后疗效分析中都具有现实意义。本文对肺癌肿瘤标志物检测的几种技术进行了分析与探讨,主要以放射免疫分析、酶联免疫吸附法、化学发光免疫法为分析重点,通过对肺癌肿瘤标志物检测技术的分析深入了解肺癌肿瘤标志物检测,为肺癌肿瘤标志物检测方法的优化与后续研究提供基础资料。     

诊断早期肺癌的方法

什么是早期肺癌,意见尚未统一,原则上讲,早期肺癌是指通过外科手术切除肿瘤后基本治愈的病例,目前国内标准为:周围型肺癌肿块最大直径<2cm。中央型肺癌病变未侵及或超过支气管壁,范围不超过叶支气管口,无转移者。早期肺癌5年生存率可达60—80%,但早期肺癌的发现率仅占所有肺癌的10%左右,故肺癌的5年生存率<10%,所以提高肺癌治愈率关键在于早期诊断。为什么早期诊断率如此之低?常见原因如下:     

CT联合肺癌肿瘤标志物检测对早期肺癌的诊断价值评估

目的 评估CT联合肺癌肿瘤标志物检测对早期肺癌的诊断价值。方法 随机筛选本院2018年1月-2021年12月收治的肺癌患者60例,采用CT联合血清肿瘤标志物检测,检测患者检测结果与病理结果是否一致。结果 患者通过病理诊断,恶性组为44例,良性组为16例,其中CT的恶性、良性检出率分别为88.63%、75.00%,肺癌肿瘤标志物的恶性、良性检出率分别为81.82%、81.25%,CT联合肺癌肿瘤标志物的恶性、良性检出率分别为93.18%、87.50%,95%CI均大于0.7。结论 CT联合肺癌肿瘤标志物检测能有效提升患者早期肺癌检出率,为患者接受肺癌治疗提供理论支持,提早预防患者肺癌进一步发展。     

肺癌早期诊断方法的研究进展

目的肺癌是全球发病率及死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,患者5年生存率仍低于20%,提高早期诊断及筛查至关重要,本文对肺癌早期诊断方法进行文献综述。方法检索PubMed、知网、万方、维普等数据库,选择与肺癌筛查相关的文献,进一步选择如CT、核磁共振、MiRNA、自身抗体等文献,提炼其相关结果结论。结果肺癌早期诊断方法较多,每一种诊断方法均有其优缺点。结论目前尚无任何一种技术被证实能独立完成早期肺癌的筛查,需要将目前早期诊断技术加以优化组合,以提高早期肺癌的诊断率。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.