特发性室性心动过速及室性早搏的射频导管消融治疗

特发性室性心动过速(IVT)临床多发生于未发现器质性心脏病的青壮年。主要有右心室流出道室性心动过速(RVOT—VT)和特发性左心室室性心动过速(ILVT)。射频导管消融已成为治疗这类室性心动过速的一种安全、有效的方法。现将1999年5月至2003年1月进行的IVT、室性早搏(室早)的射频导管消融13例报道如下。     

特发性室性心动过速射频消融治疗

经导管射频消融对特发性室性心动过速(IVT)可达到根治效果,随着三维标测系统的应用和经验的积累,射频消融治疗的成功率不断提高,应用范围也在扩大.本文就近年来IVT射频消融治疗的进展作简要的综述.     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速

１２例特发性室性心动过速（室速）病人，７例为左室室速，５例为右室空速，采用激动标测和起搏标测方法，左室室速在室间隔中下部，右室室速在右室流出道寻找消融靶点。结果７例左室室速成功６例，局部激动Ｖ波较体表。Ｃ电图ＱＲＳ波提前２５～５０ｍｓ。右室室速５例全部消融成功，Ｖ波提前２０～４０ｍｓ。消融术程１～４小时，Ｘ线曝光时间３０±２４分钟。无１例出现并发症。     

特发性室性心动过速射频消融治疗

经导管射频消融对特发性室性心动过速(IVT)可达到根治效果,随着三维标测系统的应用和经验的积累,射频消融治疗的成功率不断提高,应用范围也在扩大。本文就近年来IVT射频消融治疗的进展作简要的综述。     

射频导管消融治疗特发性室性心动过速

目的　射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速。方法　对 2 0例特发性室性心动过速患者进行心电生理检查及射频消融治疗。结果　左心室室性心动过速较右心室室性心动过速多见 ,左心室室性心动过速 14例 ,经消融 13例获得成功 ,1例未成功 ;右心室室性心动过速 6例 ,经消融全部成功。结论　射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速成功率高     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速44例分析

目的　探讨特发性室性心动过速 (IVT)射频消融 (RFCA)治疗的检测方法和疗效。方法　 4 4例IVT病人 ,男性 32例 ,女性 12例 ,年龄 12～ 6 0岁 ,其中左室IVT(LIVT) 2 6例 ,右室IVT(RIVT) 18例 ,采用激动标测和起搏标测相结合的方法寻找靶点进行RFCA。结果　 2 6例LIVT消融成功 2 3例 ,18例RIVT消融成功 16例 ,总成功率 88 6 %。结论　RFCA治疗IVT成功率高 ,是治疗IVT的首选方法。     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速10例

特发性室性心动过速(idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, IVT)发生于无器质性心脏病患者,其起源部位和心电图表现具有一定特征性,虽临床转归较好,但易反复发作,导管射频消融为这类心律失常提供了根治性方法.本文对来自浙江大学医学院附属第二医院2002年1月至2005年12月10例IVT患者的射频消融资料进行总结分析,现报道如下:     

特发性室性心动过速的射频导管消融治疗

本文总结了23例特发性室性心动过速(室速)患者的射频导管消融治疗。男性12例，女性11例，年龄11～63岁。术前停用抗心律失常药物至少5个半衰期，或停用胺碘酮至少2周。根据室速时的12导联体表心电图，估计心动过速的起源部位。心脏电生理检查采用期前刺激(1至3个)和分级递增短阵快速刺激(起搏电压6～10v)，于右心室心尖部和右心室流出道刺激诱发室速，如未能诱发室速，     

特发性室性心动过速的射频消融

目的:对经射频消融术证实的特发性室性心动过速的病例进行总结分析,探讨室性心动过速的发病状况、心电图特点、消融靶点的确定及消融结果。方法:对68 例特发性室性心动过速的起源部位和体表心电图进行分析,所有患者在诱发出室性心动过速后进行射频消融治疗,观察特发性室性心动过速的射频消融成功率和复发率以及它们和消融靶点的关系。结果:本组特发性室性心动过速患者中右室室性心动过速较左室室性心动过速多见。右室特发性室性心动过速心电图表现为左束支传导阻滞,左室特发性室性心动过速心电图则多表现为右束支传导阻滞。消融靶点的确定右室特发性室性心动过速主要采用起搏标测法,左室特发性室性心动过速主要采用激动顺序标测法。右室流出道室速组在起搏标测时起搏ECG和VT时ECG的12导联QRS波完全相同处消融成功率较高。结论:室性心动过速发作时的体表心电图可初步估计特发性室性心动过速的起源部位,射频消融术治疗特发性室性心动过速成功率高,并发症少。     

特发性室性心动过速的射频消融

目的对经射频消融术证实的特发性室性心动过速的病例进行总结分析,探讨室性心动过速的发病状况、心电图特点、消融靶点的确定及消融结果。方法对32例特发性室性心动过速的起源部位和体表心电图进行分析,所有患者在诱发出室性心动过速后进行射频消融治疗,观察特发性室性心动过速的射频消融成功率和复发率,以及它们和消融靶点的关系。结果右室特发性室性心动过速心电图表现为左束支传导阻滞,左室特发性室性心动过速心电图则多表现为右束支传导阻滞。消融靶点的确定右室特发性室性心动过速主要采用起搏标测法,左室特发性室性心动过速主要采用激动顺序标测法。右室流出道室速组在起搏标测起搏ECG和VT时ECG的12导联QRS波完全相同处消融成功率较高。结论室性心动过速发作时的体表心电图可初步估计特发性室性心动过速的起源部位,射频消融术治疗特发性室性心动过速成功率高、并发症少。     

射频导管消融治疗特发性室性期前收缩触发的心室颤动／多形性室性心动过速

目的：探讨特发性室性期前收缩（早搏,PVC）触发心室颤动和（或）多形性室性心动过速（VF／PVT）的临床特点及射频导管消融治疗效果。方法：313例无器质性心脏病接受射频导管消融治疗的特发性PVC患者,其中6例发生了由PVC触发的VF／PVT,分析该6例患者的临床资料及射频导管消融治疗效果。结果：该6例患者动态心电图可记录到频发PVC[（16303±5854）次／d],PVC联律间期及基础QT间期分别为（412±44）ms和（407±10）ms。这些参数值在另外307例特发性PVC患者中分别为（15570±4743）次／d、（419±36）ms和（404±8）ms,两组间无显著性差异。313例患者中,有88例记录到由PVC触发的单形态室性心动过速（VT）。PVC触发VF／PVT患者中晕厥发生率（3／6）高于由PVC触发的单形态VT患者（4／88,4．5％,P〈0．05）,PVT的周长[（235±22）ms]则短于单形态VT组[（324±29）ms,P〈0．05]。针对触发VF／PVT的PVC消融后随访的10～36个月期间,所有6例患者未再发生晕厥、VF及心脏骤停。结论：恶性VF／PVT可能由一些特发性PVC诱发,射频导管消融PVC治疗可作为一项有效的治疗选择。     

特发性室性心动过速及室性期前收缩的射频消融治疗

目的探讨射频导管消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)治疗特发性室性心动过速(idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,IVT)和室性期前收缩(premature ventricualr contraction,PVC)可行性、必要性和疗效。方法回顾性分析16例IVT、PVC患者采用激动顺序标测和起搏标测法确定室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT)、PVC的起源部位并行RFCA治疗的资料。结果 3例IVT中2例起源于左室间隔部左后分支的蒲肯野系统,1例起源于右心室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)游离壁,同时合并另一种游离壁起源的PVC,3例消融均成功,1例复发。13例PVC中7例起源RVOT间隔部,3例起源于RVOT游离壁,1例同时存在两种形态PVC(分别起源于ROVT间隔部和游离壁),2例起源于左心室流出道,13例消融成功,1例复发。结论 RFCA治疗IVT及特定部位的PVC是安全、有效且成功率高的一种方法。     

射频导管消融治疗特发性室性心动过速(附20例报告)

目的 特发性室性心动过速(IVT)的射频消融(RFCA)研究。方法共收集20例临床诊断IVT患者,男性14例。女性6例,年龄40.5±12.5(21～66)岁,病史7.8±8.8(1～22)年,心动过速时R—R间期为:309±69(240～430)ms。心动过速时心电图呈右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)型8例。左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)型,且Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF主波向上12例。对20例患者进行心电生理检查及射频消融治疗。结果 20例均获成功,术后1例起源左心室后间隔,1例起源于右心室流出道之室性心动过速分别于术后第3、7天复发,余无室性心动过速复发,亦无并发症。结论RF—CA治疗IVT成功率高,RFCA关键在于靶点标测和标测方法的选择。     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation in recurrent ventricular tachycardia

Catheter ablation by radiofrequency energy was carried out in10 patients with one type of recurrent monomorphic sustainedventricular tachycardia resistant to medical antiarrhythrnicmanagement. Electrophysiological studies before ablation includedactivation and pace-mapping. In all patients, the origin ofthe tachycardia was localized in the left ventricle; in theseptum in six, at the posterolateral wall in three and anterobasalin one. The earliest onset of endocardial activation precedingthe QRS complex during ventricular tachycardia ranged between-45 and -90 ms. Transcatheter ablation was performed with abipolar or quadripolar catheter using a radiofrequency generator(HAT 100, Osypka). No complications occurred during the ablationprocedure. Thereafter, in all patients, the clinical tachycardiawas no longer inducible by programmed stimulation. During afollow-up period of 22 to 32 months including eight patients,the tachycardia recurred in two; one of these patients subsequentlydied suddenly. A third patient had one episode of a new typeof sustained ventricular tachycardia some hours after catheterablation. In the remaining patients, there was no recurrenceof symptctnatic tachycardia under maintainance of the antiarrhythmicmanagement which, prior to ablation had been ineffective. Thus, our preliminary results suggest that radiofrequency catheterablation might be beneficial for these high risk patients.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation in recurrent ventricular tachycardia

Catheter ablation by radiofrequency energy was carried out in10 patients with one type of recurrent monomorphic sustainedventricular tachycardia resistant to medical antiarrhythrnicmanagement. Electrophysiological studies before ablation includedactivation and pace-mapping. In all patients, the origin ofthe tachycardia was localized in the left ventricle; in theseptum in six, at the posterolateral wall in three and anterobasalin one. The earliest onset of endocardial activation precedingthe QRS complex during ventricular tachycardia ranged between-45 and -90 ms. Transcatheter ablation was performed with abipolar or quadripolar catheter using a radiofrequency generator(HAT 100, Osypka). No complications occurred during the ablationprocedure. Thereafter, in all patients, the clinical tachycardiawas no longer inducible by programmed stimulation. During afollow-up period of 22 to 32 months including eight patients,the tachycardia recurred in two; one of these patients subsequentlydied suddenly. A third patient had one episode of a new typeof sustained ventricular tachycardia some hours after catheterablation. In the remaining patients, there was no recurrenceof symptctnatic tachycardia under maintainance of the antiarrhythmicmanagement which, prior to ablation had been ineffective. Thus, our preliminary results suggest that radiofrequency catheterablation might be beneficial for these high risk patients.     

反复单形室性心动过速的导管射频消融治疗

目的对18例反复单形室性心动过速的消融情况进行分析,并对消融同形室性早搏根治反复单形室性心动过速的可行性、安全性及有效性进行分析.方法18例患者,男性4例,女性14例,年龄19～45岁.心电图及动态心电图均有频发室性早搏和非持续性室性心动过速.征得患者的知情同意书后,电生理检查和消融一次进行,标测和消融同形的室性早搏,采用起搏标测和激动标测相结合的方法,确定室性心动过速的起源处(消融靶点).靶点定位后进行射频消融,温度50～60度,能量30～40W.即刻成功标准为放电后10 s内同形室性早搏和非持续性室性心动过速消失,且静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素不能诱发,观察30 min窦性心律稳定.随访成功标准为术后动态心电图24h室性早搏少于100个,无室性心动过速发作.结果18例患者起源于右心室流出道17例,其中1例存在2种形态的室性心动过速,分别于肺动脉瓣上及瓣下消融成功.起源于左心室流出道1例,于主动脉瓣上左Valsalva窦内消融成功.即刻成功17例.随访平均(23±14)个月,无心动过速复发16例,复发2例,1例于术后3个月复发,再次消融成功,另1例于术后6个月复发,未接受第2次消融.1例术后出现少量心包积液,经放置引流管后好转,无其他并发症.结论消融同形室性早搏是根治反复单形室性心动过速安全和有效的方法.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation in recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

Catheter ablation by radiofrequency energy was carried out in 10 patients with one type of recurrent monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia resistant to medical antiarrhythmic management. Electrophysiological studies before ablation included activation and pace-mapping. In all patients, the origin of the tachycardia was localized in the left ventricle: in the septum in six, at the posterolateral wall in three and anterobasal in one. The earliest onset of endocardial activation preceding the QRS complex during ventricular tachycardia ranged between -45 and -90 ms. Transcatheter ablation was performed with a bipolar or quadripolar catheter using a radiofrequency generator (HAT 100, Osypka). No complications occurred during the ablation procedure. Thereafter, in all patients, the clinical tachycardia was no longer inducible by programmed stimulation. During a follow-up period of 22 to 32 months including eight patients, the tachycardia recurred in two; one of these patients subsequently died suddenly. A third patient had one episode of a new type of sustained ventricular tachycardia some hours after catheter ablation. In the remaining patients, there was no recurrence of symptomatic tachycardia under maintenance of the antiarrhythmic management which, prior to ablation had been ineffective. Thus, our preliminary results suggest that radiofrequency catheter ablation might be beneficial for these high risk patients.     

射频导管消融治疗起源于左心室游离壁的频发室性早搏

目的报道1组起源于左心室游离壁的无器质心脏病基础的频发室性早搏（室早）射频消融结果。方法共11例特发性室早患者,男性7例,女性4例,平均年龄（47．2±14．4）岁。均接受常规电生理检查及射频消融治疗,所有病例室早体表心电图均呈右束支阻滞图型。消融术中采用激动标测和起搏标测相结合的方法。结果11例室早均消融成功（2例复发经再消融成功）,所有室早被证实均起源于左心室游离壁,6例起源于前外侧游离壁中、高段,4例起源于后下侧游离壁中段,1例起源于游离壁低段近心尖部。术中成功消融部位局部V波较体表心电图QRS波起点提前24～41（27±9）ms。其中9例成功消融部位起搏心电图与室早图形基本相同。结论起源于左心室游离壁的室早是特发性室早的一个亚组,射频消融治疗可取得良好效果。     

冠状动脉窦内射频消融治疗频发室性期前收缩和短暂阵发性室性心动过速

目的分析在左冠状动脉窦及无冠状动脉窦内射频消融治疗频发性室性期前收缩和短暂阵发性室性心动过速的心电图特点和射频消融结果。方法对12例室性期前收缩、室性心动过速的病人进行心内电生理标测和射频消融治疗。结果室性期前收缩或室性心动过速均呈左束支传导阻滞图形,胸导联 V3R／S超过1有11例,V2R／S超过1有1例。I导联均为qs波有9例,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联均为高大R波, 无切迹,标测确定成功消融靶点在左冠状动脉窦内9例、在无冠状动脉窦内3例,术中无并发症;随访1— 34个月,2例有偶发室性期前收缩。结论在左冠状动脉窦及无冠状动脉窦内射频消融是可行的、安全的。