立体定向适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效分析

目的 观察立体定向适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效.方法 28例原发性肝癌患者经Elscint twin flash 螺旋CT机定位后,用Leibinger三维放疗计划系统拟制放疗计划,在Varian直线加速器上实施治疗.平均随访时间为12个月.分析肿瘤反应率、放疗后无肝内肿瘤进展率及放疗后12个月生存率,观察治疗毒副作用.结果 放疗后肿瘤体积反应率为85.7%,放疗后12个月无肝内肿瘤进展率为38.4%,放疗后12个月生存率为70.5%.存活患者无晚期肝损伤.结论 立体定向适形放疗治疗肝癌的毒性较小,对提高肝内肿瘤的局部控制率有一定意义.     

CT对脑转移瘤不同放射治疗方法的疗效评估

目的分析单纯X线立体定向放射治疗(SRT)及附加全脑照射方法治疗脑转移瘤的疗效.方法将41例脑转移瘤共78个病灶分两组,24例行单纯SRT,17例在术后附加全脑放疗;按病灶大小将本组78个病灶分为大病灶(＞3cm)和小病灶(＜3cm)两组.全部病例于术后2～19个月进行了CT随访.结果单纯SRT组肿瘤治疗有效率92.9%,SRT附加全脑放疗组为93.7%,大病灶组有效率90%,小病灶组有效率97.4%(Ρ＞0.05).单纯SRT肿瘤复发率为25%,而附加全脑放疗为5.9%(Ρ＜0.05).19.5%术后出现放射性脑水肿.结论SRT是脑转移瘤的一种有效的治疗手段,SRT附加全脑放疗能明显控制肿瘤的复发率,对于小于3cm的转移瘤尤为适应.     

伽玛刀立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤临床效果分析

目的 分析立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效和预后,同时观察服用替莫唑胺(TMZ)与放疗结合对患者生存率的影响。方法 脑转移瘤患者52例,按照治疗方法不同分为2组,一组为全脑照射(WBRT)+立体定向放疗(SRT,伽玛刀),共35例,一组为单纯SRT,共17例。全脑放疗分次剂量为1.8~3.0 Gy/次,1 次/d,5 次/周,总剂量D_T30~40 Gy,WBRT+SRT组全脑后伽玛刀补量采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量12~15 Gy,中心剂量20~30 Gy。单纯SRT组分次立体定向放疗采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量36~40 Gy,中心剂量70~80 Gy。随访1~2年。所选52例患者中有20例患者放疗期间及放疗后服用替莫唑胺胶囊,同步化疗组化疗方案为:口服替莫唑胺75 mg/m²,1次/d,直至放疗结束,放疗结束后再服用3~6个月,剂量改为150 mg/m²。结果 放射治疗后1~3个月,复查CT/MRI显示总有效率(CR+PR)为84.62%,WBRT+SRT组有效率为88.57%,SRT组有效率为76.47%;肿瘤的6个月及1年的局部控制率分别为92.10%和85.20%。WBRT+SRT组的平均生存期13.2个月,中位生存期11个月;6个月生存率为71.40%,12个月生存率为54.30%,18个月生存率为14.30%。SRT组的平均生存期10.2个月,中位生存期9个月;6个月生存率为41.20%,12个月生存率为23.50%,18个月生存率为5.88%。替莫唑胺+放疗与单纯放疗的6个月、12个月及18个月生存率分别为80.00%和56.30%、60.00%和37.50%、10.00%和12.50%。结论 WBRT+SRT治疗脑转移瘤总体上优于单纯SRT治疗。放疗+TMZ联合治疗与单纯放疗相比,替莫唑胺在放疗过程中服用可提高患者生存率,不良反应无显著增加。     

宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者放射治疗效果及预后的影响因素

目的 分析宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者放射治疗的疗效及不良反应。方法 回顾性分析2004年8月至2016年12月河北医科大学第四医院收治的宫颈癌手术治疗后盆腔复发的患者147例，所有患者均行放射治疗伴或不伴化疗。根据不同的临床因素和病理因素进行分组，logistic回归分析宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者放疗效果的相关影响因素，采用Kaplan-Meier法统计生存率，并绘制相应生存曲线，生存率及预后相关因素对比使用Log-rank法。采用COX比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。治疗后不良反应分析采用卡方检验。结果 中位随访时间为33.2个月，95%的患者完成剂量≥ 67 Gy（放疗剂量中位数）的放射治疗，完全缓解（CR）91例（61.9%）。患者5年局部控制率（LC）、无进展生存率（PFS）、无远处转移生存率（DMFS）和总生存率（OS）分别为63.6%、56.0%、73.9%和55.0%。单因素logistic回归分析显示，国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期（0~I_B期与Ⅱ_A~Ⅱ_B期）、盆腔侧壁是否受累、复发肿瘤体积为宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者治疗后完全缓解的相关因素（P<0.05）；多因素统计分析发现，FIGO分期、盆腔侧壁是否受侵是影响宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者治疗效果和生存的独立因素（P<0.05）；宫颈癌术后盆腔复发盆壁受侵患者出现≥ 2级放射性直肠炎的发生率高于盆壁未受侵者，分别为26.9%和16.7%。结论 本研究表明宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者经放疗后不良反应可耐受，且盆壁受侵患者不良反应发生率明显高于盆壁未受侵者；术前分期、盆壁是否受侵是影响宫颈癌术后盆腔复发患者放疗效果及远期预后的独立影响因素。     

宫颈癌综合治疗预后因素的分析

目的:通过随访103例各期宫颈癌患者,观察综合治疗以后的3年总生存率,探讨不同临床病理因素对宫颈癌预后的影响.方法:收集2005-01~2007-01间103例接受根治性或辅助性放、化疗的宫颈癌患者的临床及随访资料,分析影响预后的因素.结果:随访期间失访4例,平均随访时间32.5个月,失访率3.88%,103例中有31例死亡.全组患者3年总生存率(Overall survival rate,OS)为71.6%.单因素分析显示:临床分期、肿瘤直径、病理类型、宫旁受浸、盆腔淋巴结转移与宫颈癌预后相关(P<0.05).多因素分析显示:临床分期、肿瘤直径、病理类型、盆腔淋巴结转移显著影响宫颈癌预后(P<0.05).结论:临床分期、病理类型、肿瘤直径、盆腔淋巴结转移是影响宫颈癌预后的独立因素.     

Ⅰb和Ⅱ期宫颈癌术后调强放疗的疗效

 目的 总结Ⅰb和Ⅱ期宫颈癌术后调强放疗的疗效。方法 回顾分析2008-01至2012-02收治的83例手术+术后放疗的宫颈癌临床病例资料,放疗剂量50 Gy/25次/5周,所有病例术后均接受2～4周期以铂类为基础的化疗,分析指标主要有生存率、无瘤生存率、局部控制率及不良反应等。结果 所有患者均顺利完成治疗,随访率为100％。全组3年总生存率为89.2％,无瘤生存率为83.1％,盆腔局部控制率为85.5％。腺癌和鳞癌的总生存率分别为50％和91％(χ²=9.65,P=0.002)。肠道反应1、2级发生率为10.34％,泌尿系反应1、2级发生率为10.34％,外周血白细胞计数下降1、2级发生率为58.62％,无4级不良反应。结论 Ⅰb和Ⅱ期宫颈癌术后具有不良预后因素者行调强放疗具有较高的生存率和局部控制率,不良反应可耐受。     

宫颈癌初次放疗前后及2年随访的MRI研究

作者对28例组织学证实的进展期宫颈癌做了初次放疗前后MRI检查及随访。TR2500ms,TE 30～100ms,场强1.5T。10例肿瘤体积大于50cm~3。18个肿瘤(64%)放疗后1～3个月体积减少,信号强度减低,1～6个月完全消退(立即反应型)。放疗后6个月仍可见肿瘤者10例,其中5例放疗前肿瘤大于50cm~3。10例中7例信号强度减低,9个月时肿瘤消失(延迟反应型)。其余3例肿瘤进展,无明显信号改变(无反应型)。放疗后9～16个月肿瘤复发4例,其中2例立即反应型,2例延迟反应型。4例中3例原肿瘤体积大于50cm~3。复发肿瘤MR信号强度与放疗前肿瘤相同。MRI诊断     

经导管化疗栓塞联合放疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌

目的探讨介入性动脉化疗栓塞序贯盆腔根治性放疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的临床应用价值。方法195例临床Ⅱb期以上的中晚期宫颈癌患者,根据治疗方法不同分为介入化疗栓塞联合放疗组(联合组)99例和单纯放疗组(放疗组)96例,比较治疗后的近、远期疗效及并发症等各项指标,评价两组在治疗中晚期宫颈癌上的效果和差异。结果治疗后两组瘤体均出现不同程度缩小,但近期缓解率联合组高于放疗组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.012);联合组介入术后贫血纠正明显,术前、术后血红蛋白水平差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。远期随访3年生存率联合组高于放疗组(P=0.032),1、3年肿瘤复发转移率联合组明显低于放疗组(P<0.05);1、5年生存率及5年肿瘤复发率两组差异无统计学意义。近期并发症主要表现为消化道反应,骨髓抑制及肝、肾毒性等不良反应,经临床积极对症处理后均能缓解。远期并发症以放射性皮炎、膀胱炎和(或)直肠炎为主,其中联合组放射性膀胱炎和直肠炎的发生率均低于放疗组(P<0.05)。结论介入化疗栓塞序贯放疗是治疗中晚期宫颈癌的有效方法,可以提高近远期疗效,改善临床症状,降低远期并发症,提高患者生活质量,延长患者生存期。     

3DCRT联合参芪扶正注射液治疗腹盆腔转移癌疗效观察

目的评价腹盆腔转移癌三维适形放疗（3DCRT）联合参芪扶正注射液治疗的近期疗效。方法对34例腹盆腔转移癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,3DCRT：DT3～4 Gy/次,5次/w,共15～20次,总剂量60 Gy。放疗期间辅以参芪扶正注射液治疗,分析患者的肿瘤局部控制率、生存率和生存质量。结果全组总有效率为91.2%,中位生存期为11个月,半年生存率为88.2%,1年生存率为23.5%;患者生存质量明显提高。结论 3DCRT联合参芪扶正注射液治疗可使腹盆腔转移癌患者局部控制率提高,生活质量改善。     

36例老年非小细胞肺癌患者三维适形放疗的疗效观察

目的 观察三维放射治疗(3D-CRT)治疗老年非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效和副反应.方法 2001年8月～2006年10月,应用3D-CRT技术治疗70岁以上非小细胞肺癌患者36例.以Leibinger三维放疗计划系统制订放疗计划,处方剂量为40～80Gy(中位剂量60Gy).其中采用低分割照射者24例,单次分割剂量5～8Gy,隔日照射,共8～12次照射;常规分割者12例,共30～40次照射.观察所有患者的肿瘤反应率,1、2年的生存率及治疗毒副作用.结果 33例患者治疗后临床症状获得改善,3例无变化.肿瘤获得完全缓解8例,部分缓解22例,肿瘤总反应率83.33%(30/36).全组生存时间为2～53个月,中位生存时间8个月,1年生存率66.67%,2年生存率36.11%.无严重并发症.结论 对于老年非小细胞肺癌患者,3D-CRT技术是一种安全有效的治疗手段,能够改善生存质量,提高生存率.     

小剂量顺铂增敏CCRT治疗Ⅱb-Ⅳ期宫颈癌临床观察

目的探讨小剂量顺铂CCRT与单纯放射治疗中晚期宫颈癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法 2006~2009年收治的67例经病理确诊的Ⅱb-Ⅳ期宫颈癌患者,随机分为同步放化疗组35例和单纯放疗组32例,同步放化疗组给予顺铂400 mg/（次.w）行放疗增敏,两组同样放疗剂量。比较两组的治疗效果和不良反应。结果 CCRT组完全缓解率77.1%,单纯放疗组43.8%;总有效率：CCRT组94.3%,单纯放疗组71.9%;3年生存率：CCRT组88.6%,单纯放疗组68.8%,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量顺铂增敏CCRT治疗晚期宫颈癌可显著提高有效率和生存率,急性不良反应与单纯放疗组相比无明显增加。     

Salvage radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for pelvic recurrence after hysterectomy alone for early-stage uterine cervical cancer

Purpose

Treatment outcomes of patients with pelvic recurrence after hysterectomy alone for uterine cervical cancer who received salvage radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy were investigated.

Methods

Salvage RT for recurrent cervical cancer confined to the pelvic cavity after hysterectomy alone was received by 33 patients. The median interval between initial hysterectomy and recurrence was 26 months. Whole-pelvic irradiation was delivered to median dose of 45?Gy, followed by a boost with a median dose of 16?Gy to the gross tumor volume. Cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 29 patients.

Results

The median follow-up period was 53 months for surviving patients. Most patients (97.0%) completed salvage RT of ≥45?Gy. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 23 patients (69.7%). Pelvic sidewall involvement and evaluation with positron-emission tomography-computed tomography were significantly associated with CR. The 5?year progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 62.7, 79.5, 72.5, and 60.1%, respectively. Initial International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pelvic sidewall involvement, and CR status were significant factors for PFS and OS rates in multivariate analysis. The incidence of severe acute and late toxicities (≥grade 3) was 12.1 and 3.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Aggressive salvage RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy for recurrent cervical cancer confined to the pelvic cavity was feasible, with promising treatment outcomes and acceptable toxicities. However, even more intensive novel treatment strategies should be investigated for patients with unfavorable prognostic factors.

     

立体定向适形放射治疗前列腺癌30例临床分析

目的探讨立体定向适形放射治疗前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法30例前列腺癌患者,26例放疗前行双侧睾丸切除术,20例同时服用内分泌治疗药物。全部采用WDVE-XKY808立体定向适形放射治疗系统照射前列腺靶区,5次/周,2 Gy/次,总剂量DT70~80 Gy。结果30例患者经立体定向适形放射治疗后3、6、12个月复查有效率分别为70%(21/30)、97%(29/30)、90%(27/30)6个月时病灶缩小最明显。1、3、5年总生存率分别为100.0%、85.0%、75.1%。结论立体定向适形放射治疗中晚期前列腺癌有较好的局部控制效果和较高的安全性,可作为前列腺癌姑息治疗的有效方法之一。     

肺癌脑转移44例治疗分析

目的比较不同治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效。方法对44例肺癌脑转移患者资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同分为单纯放疗组23例(全脑放疗10例,立体定向放疗13例),全脑放疗或立体定向放疗联合全身化疗(放疗+化疗)组17例,对症治疗组4例,比较其生存期和生存率。结果 单纯放疗组的中位生存期为8.3个月,1年生存率为17.4%;放疗+化疗组中位生存期为13.2个月,1年生存率为52.9%;对症治疗组的中位生存期为1.7个月,1年生存率为0%。放疗+化疗组比单纯放疗及对症治疗组具有更好的疗效(P<0.05)。结论放疗联合化疗是肺癌脑转移患者比较有效的治疗方法,可延长生存期。     

Therapeutic Outcome and Prognostic Factors in the Radiotherapy of Recurrences of Cervical Carcinoma Following Surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with recurrences of cervical carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 26 patients who underwent radiation therapy for recurrences of cervical carcinoma following surgery between 1989 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. 17 patients had inoperable or macroscopic residual tumor. Nine patients had a complete/microscopically incomplete tumor resection. Depending on tumor burden and location of the recurrence, external beam radiotherapy or a combination with brachytherapy was delivered to a total dose of 50-65 Gy. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival was 28%, relapse-free survival 24%, pelvic control 48%. Therapeutic outcome was related to the margins of resection, location of recurrence and technique of radiotherapy. In case of surgery without residual or microscopic tumor, the 5-year survival rate was 67%, with macroscopic tumor no patient was alive after 37 months (p = 0.05). 5-year overall survival was 42% for central recurrences, 10% for recurrences with pelvic wall infiltration. Recurrences confined to the vagina or paravaginal tissue had a higher 5-year overall probability as compared to all other patients (57% vs. 14%). All patients treated with combined radiotherapy were alive, whereas all patients treated only with external radiotherapy were dead after 32 months (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The probability of controlling recurrence mostly depends on a small tumor burden with the possibility of brachytherapy and/or complete surgery. Aggressive treatment modalities like radiochemotherapy and/or higher radiation doses are needed, especially for recurrences with infiltration of the pelvic wall and/or with macroscopic tumor.     

Simple method of stereotactic radiotherapy without stereotactic body frame for extracranial tumors

Thirty-five patients with metastatic lung cancer(46 lesions) and twenty patients with primary lung cancer (21 lesions) have been treated with a simple method of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) without stereotactic body frame. Tumor size ranged from 1-4 cm in diameter. We used Vac-Lok cushion(Med-Tek) as a immobilization system. To be sure to include the respiratory movement of tumor to planning target volume(PTV), every patients were examined by fluoroscopy and radio-opaque catheters with the same length of tumor movement were attached on the anterior and lateral chest wall before CT simulation. A gold grain was implanted into a tumor that was invisible on fluoroscopy, as a radiomaker. Protocol of 60 Gy/8 fractions/2 weeks and 45 Gy/3 fractions/3-6 days were mainly used. The median follow-up period was 15 months for primary lung cancer and 19 months for metastatic lung cancer. Local control rates were 91% for metastatic lung cancer, 89% for primary lung cancer and 85% for T1, 2N0M0 cases. All patients developed mild pneumonitis or fibrosis about 4.5 months after SRT just in the treatment volume. Only three patients was symptomatic.     

Treatment results and prognostic analysis of radical radiotherapy for locally advanced cancer of the uterine cervix

This study investigated treatment results and prognostic factors in radical radiotherapy for stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer. This is a retrospective analysis of 71 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix treated radically with external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy between June 1991 and May 2004. In 47/71 (66%) of patients' chemotherapy was combined with radiotherapy. All 71 patients were retrospectively analysed. The median follow-up time was 34.8 months. The median age was 57 years (range 26-78 years) There were 21 patients (30%) in stage IIB, 3 (4%) stage IIIA, 40 (56%) stage IIIB, and 7 (10%) stage IVA. The 5-year overall survival rate was 83.5%, 77.0%, and 42.9% for stage IIB, III, and IVA, respectively. Federation Internationale de Gynocologie et d'Obstetrique (FIGO) classification stage and pelvic and para-aortic nodal status significantly affected survival in univariate analysis, but no treatment-related factor was found to be significant in multivariate analysis. In this study para-aortic nodal status was the most important prognostic factor in the radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer.     

Linear-accelerator-based stereotactic irradiation for metastatic brain tumors

To assess the safety and availability of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic brain tumors, we reviewed 54 consecutive cases with a total of 118 brain metastases treated with linear-accelerator-based stereotactic irradiation (STI). Nineteen patients with a total of 27 brain tumors that were larger than 3 cm or close to critical normal tissues were treated with SRT. The marginal dose of SRT was 15-21 Gy (median 21 Gy) in 3 fractions for 3 days. The median marginal dose of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was 20 Gy. Effective rates of imaging studies were 72.7% and 94.4%, and those of clinical symptoms were 46.7% and 55.6% for SRT and SRS, respectively. One-year and two-year survival rates of SRT were 40.9% and 17.6%, respectively, and the median follow-up period was 6.4 months. The one-year survival rate of SRS was 32.7%, with a median follow-up of 4.6 months. Fourteen cases (7 cases each) had recurrent tumors at STI sites. Early complications were observed in one case of SRT and 8 cases of SRS, and late complications occurred in 3 cases of SRS. There were no significant differences among effective rates, survival rates, median follow-up times, recurrence rates, and complications between SRT and SRS. We concluded that SRT is a safe, effective therapy for large or eloquent area metastases.     

立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

目的 分析立体定向放射疗法(SRT)治疗脑转移瘤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析66例脑转移瘤全脑放射治疗(WBRT)追加SRT和26例脑转移瘤单纯SRT的结果,分析两者在Karnofsky评分、颅内肿瘤复发率、一年生存率等方面的状况。结果 WBRT+SRT组在颅内肿瘤复发率(13.3%和42.2%)、中位复发时间(10.5个月和4.2个月)、中位生存期(13.0个月和6.5个月)与单纯SRT组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),但在Karnofsky评分、治疗有效率、一年生存率、死亡率的差异均无统计学意义。结论 WBRT+SRT能明显改善患者的生存质量,降低肿瘤颅内复发率,是脑转移瘤的一种理想局部治疗手段。