Comparative efficacy of topical tetraVisc versus lidocaine gel in cataract surgery

Background  

To compare the clinical efficacy of lidocaine 2% with tetracaine 0.5% for cataract surgery.     

The use of collagen shields for drug delivery in cataract and intraocular lens surgery

Collagen shields are an appealing route of drug administration because they avoid complications associated with periocular injections and frequent topical drug application. A review of past studies establishes the capability of collagen shields to reach therapeutic aqueous drug levels in animal models. More recent studies on human subjects reaffirm the capability of collagen shields to provide adequate prophylaxis against the most common pathogens of postoperative endophthalmitis. Research on the use of collagen shields after routine cataract surgery shows that patients receiving the collagen shields had less postoperative anterior chamber reaction, less corneal edema, and fewer subconjunctival hemorrhages when compared with patients receiving the same medication through subconjunctival injection. Collagen shields may also be useful as a means to deliver other medications such as antivirals, antifungals, and immunosuppressive agents.     

比较聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯与疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体在小儿白内障手术中的应用

目的：比较聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体(IOLs)用于小儿白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术术后视力效果及并发症。

方法：回顾性研究。包括63例117眼接受双侧小儿白内障手术和原发性人工晶状体植入术患者。将所有患者分为两组,组I包括30例58眼植入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶状体患者; 组II包括33例59眼植入疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体患者。比较两组间的临床特点、屈光不正、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和手术并发症。

结果：患者平均年龄为5.8(2～12)岁,平均随访时间为40.5(6～196)mo。术后,80眼(68.4%)中最佳矫正视力 ≥0.5,两组间存在可比性。两组间视觉轴混浊情况分别为组I 28眼(48.3%),组II 16眼(27.1%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。术后形成眼内晶状体脱位和粘连。综上所述,疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体组的并发症明显少于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶状体组(P=0.020)。

结论：采用原发性人工晶状体植入术行小儿白内障手术是一种安全的方法。相较于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶状体,疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体术后并发症更少。     

Toric人工晶状体植入术后的远期临床疗效

目的评价AcrysofToric人工晶状体矫正白内障伴角膜散光患者的远期临床效果及其在囊袋内的旋转稳定性。方法回顾性非随机临床研究。选取在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院眼科已行白内障超声乳化吸除联合AcrysofToric人工晶状体植入术的白内障患者21例（23眼）,年龄53-84岁,均为术后24个月以上。观察术前术后的裸眼视力（UCVA）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,术前角膜散光、总散光,术后角膜散光、残留散光,人工晶状体轴位等。术前术后比较采用配对t检验。结果术后最后一次随访时,患眼的UCVA（10gMAR）为0．16±0．13,BCVA（10gMAR）为0．06±0．09。术前总散光（-2．98±1．22）D,术后残留散光（-0．57±0．78）D,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t=6．371,P〈0．05）。术前预留散光（-0．53±0．70）D,与术后残留散光比较差异无统计学意义。术前角膜散光（2．23＋1．17）D,术后角膜散光（1．89＋1．22）D,两者比较差异无统计学意义。AcrysofToric人工晶状体轴位偏离既定轴位度数平均为（2．84±2．66）°,1只术眼（4％）的人工晶状体轴位偏离7。,余术眼（96％）的人工晶状体轴位偏离均≤5°。结论白内障超声乳化术后植入AcrysofToric人工晶状体具有良好的远期临床效果和旋转稳定性,是一种安全、有效、预测性好的治疗伴角膜规则散光白内障的方法．     

Tetracaine drops versus lidocaine gel for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery

BACKGROUND: in addition to intracameral anaesthesia, drop anaesthesia with tetracaine drops has been established for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Anaesthesia with lidocaine gel is less established. We compared pain sensitivity of patients undergoing surgery with drop anaesthesia to patients who underwent surgery with gel anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a questionnaire-based survey in which patients assessed their sensitivity to pain during cataract surgery, we compared the sensitivity to pain of 49 patients during surgery with gel anaesthesia to 62 patients who consecutively underwent surgery with drop anaesthesia. Patients assessed pain intensity postoperatively by checking off a 10-graduation pain scale. Lidocaine gel (2 %) was applied once while tetracaine drops (1 %) were applied three times. All interventions were carried out by two surgeons as phako emulsifications with implantation of a posterior chamber lens via posterior-limbal access. In addition to pain sensitivity we also considered the patients' age, duration of surgery and surgical complications. The data for the patients' age, the duration of surgery and the assessment of intensity were not normally distributed so that a Mann-Whitney-rank-sum test was performed. RESULTS: No differences were observed between tho two groups, neither regarding age (P = 0.63) nor the duration of the surgical intervention (p = 0.43). However, in patients treated with tetracaine drops pain sensitivity was reported as being significantly less (mean 1,77) than in patients treated with lidocaine gel (mean 2.22; P < 0.043). 73.5 % of patients with gel anaesthesia and 83.9 % of those with drop anaesthesia reported "negligible" pains. There were no intra-operative complications. CONCLUSION: Both gel anaesthesia and drop anaesthesia are suitable methods for cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. According to patients' assessment, drop anaesthesia with tetracaine is better suited for pain elimination.     

Comparison of polymethylmethacrylate versus hydrophobic acrylic lenses for primary intraocular lens implantation in pediatric cataract surgery

AIM: To compare the visual results and postoperative complications of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children who underwent cataract extraction with primary IOL implantation.METHODS: This retrospective study included 117 eyes of 63 children with bilateral pediatric cataract undergoing cataract surgery and primary IOL implantation. The patients were divided into two groups, Group I included 58 eyes of 30 patients with PMMA IOLs; Group II included 59 eyes of 33 patients with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. The clinical features, refraction errors, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and surgical complications were compared between two groups.RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 5.8 (2-12)y and mean follow up period was 40.5 (6-196)mo. Postoperatively, BCVA was ≥0.5 in 80 eyes (68.4%) and this was comparable in two groups. Visual axis opacification was seen in 28 eyes (48.3%) in Group I and 16 eyes (27.1%) in Group II and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.018). Postoperative IOL dislocation and posterior synechia formation were also noted. When all postoperative complications were considered, there were significantly less complications in the acrylic IOL group than PMMA IOL group (P=0.020).CONCLUSION: Pediatric cataract surgery with primary IOL implantation is a safe procedure. Hydrophobic acrylic IOLs may lead to less postoperative complications compared to PMMA IOLs.     

Randomised controlled single-blind study of conventional versus depot mydriatic drug delivery prior to cataract surgery

Background  

A prerequisite for safe cataract surgery is an adequately dilated pupil. The authors conducted a trial to assess the efficacy (in terms of pupil diameter) of a depot method of pre-operative pupil dilatation, as compared with repeated instillations of drops (which is time-consuming for the nursing staff and uncomfortable for the patient).     

剪开法前囊截囊术在晶状体半脱位白内障手术中的应用

目的探讨剪开法前囊截囊术在晶状体半脱位白内障囊外摘出术中应用的临床效果。方法晶状体半脱位白内障23例（23眼）。进行手法小切口白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体囊袋内植入术。术中采用剪开法进行前囊截囊。术后随诊6～24个月,平均10．5个月。结果手术中均未出现晶状体脱离范同扩大或玻璃体脱出增加,术后最佳矫正视力≥1．0者2眼（8．70％）,≥0．5者7眼（30．43％）,〈0．5者16眼中：2眼为视网膜色素变性、7眼为眼挫伤伴有不同程度的视网膜挫伤、2眼为外伤性视神经萎缩、2眼为玻璃体浑浊（陈旧血性）、1眼为外伤性黄斑孔、2眼为≥-10．00D高度近视。结论应用剪开法前囊截囊术进行晶状体半脱位手法小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术是安全的．效果良好。     

Lidocaine versus ropivacaine for topical anesthesia in cataract surgery(1)

PURPOSE: To assess the anesthetic efficacy and safety of topical ropivacaine versus topical lidocaine in cataract surgery. SETTING: Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. METHODS: This prospective controlled randomized double-blind study comprised 64 patients scheduled for planned routine cataract extraction. Patients were randomized into 2 groups; 1 received topical ropivacaine 1% and the other, topical lidocaine 4%. The duration of surgery, intraoperative and early postoperative complications, and the need for supplemental intracameral anesthesia were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative subjective pain was quantified by patients using a scale from 1 to 10. An endothelial cell count was performed preoperatively and 2 months after surgery. RESULTS: The mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2334 cells/mm(2) +/- 496 (SD) to 2016 +/- 674 cells/mm(2) in the ropivacaine group and from 2519 +/- 404 cells/mm(2) to 1847 +/- 607 cells/mm(2) in the lidocaine group. The difference in cell density between groups was not significant before (P =.154) or after surgery (P =.329); however, the difference in mean cell loss between groups was statistically significant (P =.031). The duration of surgery and intraoperative complications were the same in both groups. Four patients in the ropivacaine group and 5 in the lidocaine group required supplemental anesthesia (P >.05). The mean subjective analog pain score was slightly higher in the lidocaine group (P >.05). The day after surgery, 12 eyes in the ropivacaine group and 6 in the lidocaine group had transient corneal edema (P =.150). CONCLUSIONS: Topical ropivacaine performed at least as well as topical lidocaine in efficacy and safety in cataract surgery. It provided sufficient and long-lasting analgesia without the need for supplemental intracameral anesthesia in most cases.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术中水压法与圈套器法娩核的疗效比较

目的:对比白内障小切口非超声乳化晶状体摘除手术中水压法娩核与圈套器法娩核两种方法的疗效及并发症。方法:白内障患者226例253眼随机分为水压法娩核与圈套器法娩核两组,观察两组不同方法治疗患者手术时间、术中术后并发症、术前与术后角膜内皮计数及黄斑区视网膜厚度变化的情况。结果:术中娩核平均时间:水压法娩核组5±0.79s,圈套器法娩核组4±1.23s;术中并发症:水压法娩核组少于圈套器法娩核组;术前与术后角膜内皮计数的差值两组相比有统计学差异;两组之间术后散光的差异无统计学意义;术前与术后黄斑区视网膜厚度差异两组相比无统计学差异。结论:同圈套器法娩核治疗白内障相比较,水压法娩核疗效好、简单易行、且能够减少并发症。     

A comparison of patient comfort during cataract surgery with topical anesthesia versus topical anesthesia and intracameral lidocaine

ObjectiveTo determine whether intraocular lidocaine increases patient comfort during cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia.DesignProspective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial.ParticipantsBoth men and women between 45 and 85 years of age who were scheduled for elective cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia participated. Sixty-eight patients were randomized to each group.InterventionPatients were randomized to receive either topical anesthesia plus intracameral 1% preservative-free lidocaine or intracameral balanced salt solution.Main outcome measuresPatient assessment of pain during delivery of the anesthesia, surgery, and after surgery using a visual analog pain scale was measured. Patients also recorded the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation and the microscope light. Surgeon assessments of operative conditions, patient cooperation, and intraoperative complications were recorded. The attending anesthesiologist recorded any required supplemental intravenous sedation and any increase in pulse or increase in blood pressure.ResultsThere was no significant difference in patient-reported pain scores for delivery of anesthesia (P = 0.902), surgery (P = 0.170), or after surgery (P = 0.680). Patients in the lidocaine group reported being less bothered by tissue manipulation (P = 0.021). The surgeon assessment showed more patient cooperation in the lidocaine group (P = 0.043).ConclusionsBoth topical anesthesia alone and topical anesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine provide good operative conditions for the surgeon and comfortable surgical circumstances for the patient. Injection of intraocular lidocaine increases patient cooperation and decreases the degree to which patients are bothered by tissue manipulation, two outcomes that justify its use.     

晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合术中的应用

目的 探讨晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用效果.方法 对47例56只眼青光眼合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出、后房折叠式人工晶状体植入及小梁切除术,术中植入自体晶状体前囊膜,术后随访1~3年,观察术前和术后视力、眼压及术后滤过泡的变化.结果 术后视力较术前显著提高(P＜0.05);术后一周眼压平均(10.6±2.4)mmHg,随访1~3年平均(15.3±2.1)mmHg,较术前用药前后眼压相比均明显下降(P＜0.05);Ⅰ型滤过泡21只眼(37.5%),Ⅱ型滤过泡35只眼(62.5%);术中术后无严重并发症发生.结论 晶状体前囊膜应用于青光眼白内障联合术中能有效防止滤过泡瘢痕化、控制眼压和稳定视力,方法安全有效.     

两种白内障摘除术治疗硬核性白内障的疗效比较

目的:比较手法碎核小切口白内障摘除术与超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗硬核性白内障的临床应用价值。方法:将42例硬核性白内障患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者选择手法碎核小切口白内障摘除术,对照组患者采用超声乳化白内障摘除术。比较两组患者术后1d;1wk;1,3mo矫正视力效果及治疗前后角膜散光,观察并比较两组患者术中及术后并发症发生情况。结果:术后1d;1wk;1,3mo,两组患者矫正视力0.5～1.0患者的比例间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后1d及术后1wk,观察组患者角膜散光高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。术后1mo及术后3mo,两组患者角膜散光间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术中,对照组患者发生后囊膜破裂的比例显著高于观察组;术后,对照组患者发生角膜水肿的比例显著高于观察组,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:手法碎核小切口白内障摘除术治疗硬核性白内障效果可靠,并发症少。     

The safety and efficacy of contact lens wear in the industrial and chemical workplace.

BACKGROUND: The use and safety of contact lenses in the industrial and chemical workplace has often been questioned since the 1960s because of many unconfirmed reports of ocular injury resulting from contact lens wear. Because of these urban legends, contact lens wear has been banned or wearers have been required to wear additional personal protective equipment (PPE) not required of non-contact lens wearers. METHODS: Literature review via Medline and Google search. RESULTS: Research has shown that contact lenses typically provide protective benefits that decrease the severity of ocular injury and improve worker performance. While contact lens wear contraindications do exist, in most cases, and with proper precautions, contact lens wear is still possible. CONCLUSIONS: Industrial and chemical companies need to establish written contact lens use policies based on current studies that have shown the safety of workplace contact lens wear when combined with the same PPE required of non-contact lens wearers. Practitioners need to discuss, with their contact lens patients, the additional responsibilities required to maintain proper lens hygiene and proper PPE in the workplace.     

The efficacy and safety of combined trabeculectomy, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation

The safety and efficacy of combined trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation were evaluated by retrospectively analyzing 108 consecutive operations. Postoperatively, 89% of eyes achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity when preoperative macular and optic nerve diseases were excluded. Mean follow-up was 16.8 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) control (less than or equal to 21 mmHg) was achieved in 92% of eyes; 57% required no medications. Capsulotomy (20%) and transient hyphema (15%) occurred significantly more often (P less than 0.001) than in a comparison group. These results suggest that the combined procedure gives excellent visual rehabilitation and IOP control in the majority of patients included in this analysis.