前列腺扩散加权成像技术和诊断应用的研究进展

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)是目前唯一能够无创地检测活体组织的水扩散特性的改变,反映分子水平的病理生理过程的检查方法。就前列腺DWI技术及其在前列腺疾病诊断应用中的优势与限度,以及前列腺DWI技术的最新研究进展予以综述。     

腹部IVIM-DWI应用研究及进展

体素内不均一运动(IVIM)是指MR扩散加权成像(DWI)上体素内信号衰减同时包括真性水分子扩散和毛细血管网中随机血流微循环灌注,导致表观扩散系数(ADC)值反映的信息有限。采用多b值可获取系列DWI影像,根据双指数模型拟合,可同时获得组织的扩散和灌注信息,更全面地分析组织扩散成像数据。IVIM-DWI目前已广泛应用于肝脏、胰腺、肾脏、前列腺等脏器,就该技术在腹部MR成像中的应用研究现状及进展予以综述。     

前列腺扩散加权成像超高b值优化及其在前列腺癌诊断的初步研究

目的 探讨前列腺超高b值扩散加权成像(DWI)b值优化方案,并分析其在诊断前列腺癌(PCa)不同级别ISUP分组上的应用价值.方法 选取超声引导下前列腺靶点穿刺、临床病理确诊并于穿刺前后1个月内完成前列腺MRI检查的35例患者350处穿刺靶区MRI资料.所有患者均完成3.0T前列腺常规MRI扫描并完成超高b值DWI,b...     

扩散张量成像在腹部的应用

扩散张量成像是在扩散加权成像(DWI)技术基础上改进和发展的一项新技术,突出强调水分子扩散的各向异性,可以从细胞及分子水平研究疾病病理改变情况。腹部DTI的研究尚属起步阶段,对近年国内外关于腹部脏器的DTI研究予以综述,主要关注DTI在肝脏、肾脏及前列腺的研究进展情况。     

MRS与DWI对前列腺中央腺体癌的诊断价值

目的探讨3D1 H MR波谱(MRS)分析和扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺中央腺体癌的检出价值。方法对55例前列腺中央腺体疾病的患者行MRS和扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描,经穿刺活检证实,15例为前列腺癌(PCa),40例为前列腺增生(BPH),比较两组间的(胆碱+肌酸)/枸橼酸盐(CC/C)值和表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果 PCa组和BPH组的CC/C值分别为2.93±1.77和0.67±0.39,PCa组和BPH组的ADC值分别为(0.71±0.32)×10-3 mm2·s-1和(1.21±0.26)×10-3 mm2·s-1,PCa组和BPH组之间的CC/C值和ADC值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MRS和DWI对前列腺中央腺体癌的诊断具有一定价值。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的:评价MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法:搜集有手术或穿刺病理结果的前列腺疾病患者15例,其中前列腺癌10例,前列腺炎5例。所有病例均行MR常规T1WI、T2WI及DWI扫描。回顾性分析各组病例的MR常规表现及DWI表现。结果:在MR扩散加权图像上,8例前列腺癌表现为外周带内局限性显著高信号,其余病变在扩散加权成像上为低信号或等信号。结论:MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值.资料与方法 40例前列腺疾病中17例前列腺癌及23例前列腺增生.所有病例行MR DWI扫描,b值为800 s/mm2.分析各病例的DWI和表观扩散系数(ADC)图表现,并分别测量癌区、前列腺增生组织以及膀胱内尿液的ADC值,统计分析组间是否存在差异.结果 17例前列腺癌中15例在DWI上呈明显高信号,ADC图呈低信号,能直观显示肿瘤的范围.前列腺癌组织的平均ADC值为(1.03±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,前列腺增生组织的平均ADC值为(1.62±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间有统计学意义(P=0.002);前列腺癌与前列腺增生的膀胱内尿液的平均ADC值分别为(3.24±0.30)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.25±0.29)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间无统计学意义(P=0.834).结论 DWI可显示前列腺癌的位置和侵犯范围;根据DWI信号特点以及ADC值可以提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率,对前列腺癌与前列腺增生具有较高的鉴别诊断价值.     

基于生成对抗网络改善前列腺DWI图像质量的初步研究

目的:本研究旨在构建并评估一种能够有效缩短前列腺扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描时间,提升图像质量的深度学习模型.方法:本研究共纳入150名于本院进行多参数磁共振前列腺检查,包括T1 WI、T2 WI、DWI(b=50 s/mm2,NEX=2)、a-DWI(b=1000 s/mm2,NEX=2)、b-DWI(b=1000 s...     

心肌扩散加权成像研究进展

【摘要】磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）作为一种可以显示水分子扩散运动的成像技术,已被广泛运用于各种疾病、尤其是中枢神经系统病变的诊断。但在心肌病变方面,心脏的特殊生理特性导致DWI图像采集困难,使此前DWI在心肌病变诊断中难以发挥作用。近年来,随着DWI技术发展,越来越多的研究显现出心肌DWI的应用价值。本文将综述目前在心肌病变诊断领域DWI的研究进展。     

前列腺癌扩散加权成像研究进展

前列腺癌(PCa)是老年男性最常见的恶性肿瘤.目前,血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)测定和直肠指诊(DRE)仍然是临床检测PCa的主要方法,经直肠前列腺超声(TRUS)能够监测前列腺肿瘤, 并能引导前列腺穿刺活检.扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)是近年发展起来的一项MR新技术,DWI技术成像时间短,无需造影剂,并且能够通过无创检测组织水分子扩散特性间接反映组织细胞构成.至今,已有较多研究者进行了前列腺的DWI研究.本文结合相关文献就DWI技术对PCa的诊断及治疗效果评估价值、局限性、与其他MR成像技术的比较、存在的技术问题、未来发展方向进行综述.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.