卡铂加放疗联合治疗中晚期食管癌

目的比较卡铂合并放疗与单纯放疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效及毒副作用。方法１９９０年８月～１９９２年１０月收治１９２例经病理证实为鳞癌的食管癌病人。病变长度为５－１０ｃｍ,随机配对分为两组,卡铂合并放疗组（卡铂组）与单纯放疗组（单放组）。结果卡铂合并放疗组近期疗效明显优于单纯放疗（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１、３、５年生存率,卡铂组分别为６１．５％、３０．２％、２５．０％;而单放组则为４１．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、２０．８％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、１６．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。毒副作用为轻度造血功能抑制与放射性食管炎。对症处理后不影响疗程。结论卡铂配合放疗治疗食管癌有协同作用。其毒副作用小,临床应用安全可行。     

化疗和放疗联合治疗晚期子宫颈癌

目的为观实化疗加放疗在治疗晚期子宫颈癌中的作用。材料与方法从１９８９年１月至１９９１年１０月，５０例晚期子宫颈癌患者接受环磷酰胺＋氟尿嘧啶＋顺铂（ＣＦＰ）或环磷酰胺＋丝裂霉素＋顺铂（ＣＭＰ）化疗（顺铂２０ｍｇ，第１～５日给药；环磷酰胺４００～６００ｍｇ．第２，４日；氟尿嘧啶５００ｍｇ，第１，３，５日或丝裂霉素１０ｍｇ，第１日），１～３疗程后放疗。配对抽取单纯放疗患者５０例供疗效对比观察。结果单放组和化放组５年生存率分别为４４．０％和６４．０％，Ｐ＜０．０５，Ⅲ期５年生存率化放组高于单放组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；化放组副作用主要是胃肠反应及骨髓抑制，单放组副反应不明显。结论化疗放疗联合治疗晚期子宫颈癌疗效好且副作用可以耐受。     

前程加卡铂后程野中野加速超分割放射治疗食管癌90例临床观察

目的探讨前程加卡铂后程野中野加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效。材料与方法自１９９１年１０月至１９９３年６月对９０例食管癌病人随机分常规放射治疗组（常规组）和前程加卡铂后程野中野加速超分割放疗组（前化后超组）各４５例。两组临床资料相近，具备可比性。常规组每周照５次，每次２Ｇｙ，总量６０～７０Ｇｙ；前化后超组前３周放疗同常规组，配合卡铂每周两次，每次１００ｍｇ，总量６００ｍｇ。第４，５周在原照射野中设小野（同病变长度），每次１．５Ｇｙ，每周５次，上午照大野，下午照小野，总量５周６５Ｇｙ，其中大野５周５０Ｇｙ，小野后两周１５Ｇｙ。结果放疗结束时Ｘ线改善前化后超组病灶全消和消失１／２以上８６．７％（３９／４５），常规组５７．８％（２６／４５）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１，２，３，４年生存率分别为７５．６％、５３．３％、４２．２％、３３．３％和５５．６％、３１．１％、２０．０％、１５．６％。前化后超组明显好于常规组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论前程配合卡铂后程大野套小野加速超分割放射治疗能显著提高食管癌１，２，３，４年生存率，病人能顺利完成疗程。     

顺铂和放疗联合治疗晚期宫颈癌

目的 观察顺铂和放疗在治疗晚期宫颈癌中的作用。方法 从１９８５年３月至１９９０年８月,６０例晚期宫颈癌患者接受单药顺铂（ＤＤＰ）化疗,ＤＤＰ ２０ｍｇ,第１￣５日给药,同时放疗,配对抽取单纯放疗患者６０例供疗效对比观察。结果 化放组和单放组５年生存率分别为６１．０％和４４．０％,Ｐ〈０．０５,Ⅲ期５年生存率化放组高于单放组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,化放组副作用主要是胃肠反应及骨髓抑制,单放组副反应不明显。     

顺铂为主联合化疗加放疗治疗超长食管癌

目的探讨顺铂为主联合化疗加放疗对病变长度大于８ｃｍ食管癌的疗效。方法１９８８年１月至１９９１年１２月对病变长度大于８ｃｍ,不宜行手术治疗的食管癌病人随机分为二组（各６０例）治疗,一组采用顺铂、平阳霉素、长春新碱联合化疗后根治性放疗（化放组）,一组仅行单纯放射治疗（单放组）,进行对比分析。结果化放组与单放组１,３,５年生存率分别为６１．７％、３０．０％、２０．０％与３６．７％、１０．０％、５．０％,比较均有显著性差异。结论顺铂为主联合化疗后放疗综合治疗是治疗超长食管癌的有效方法。     

放化疗同步及序贯治疗中晚期食管癌

目的观察放化疗同步及序贯治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效。资料与方法１９９２年６月至１９９７年６月,采用随机分组对１４０例食管癌进行放化同步及序贯治疗,并与１１８例单纯放射治疗结果进行对比。结果放化疗同步组、放化疗序贯组有效率为９１％和８３．３％,单纯放射治疗组７５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;前两组１、２年生存率为８２％、５２％和８０％、４７％,后组为５１％、２７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。中位生存期放化疗同步组与序贯组为１７．５与１４．５个月,单纯放疗组为８．６个月。前两组局部复发率、远处转移率均明显低于后组。结论放化疗同步、序贯治疗中晚期食管癌与单纯放射治疗组相比可明显提高有效率,１、２年生存率及中位生存期,并可降低局部复发率及远处转移率,但对３、４年生存率未见明显优势。     

肺癌脑转移不同放射治疗方法的疗效分析

［目的］探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效。［方法］１７６例有病理学证实的肺癌脑转移患者分为４组：单纯全脑放疗组(WBRT)、全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科(WBRT＋SRS)，单纯立体定向放射治疗(SRT)，全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT＋SRT)。SRS治疗组，单次靶区平均周边剂量８Gy～２０Gy，总剂量２０Gy～３２Gy；SRT治疗组，单次靶区平均周边剂量２Gy～５Gy，总剂量２５Gy～６０Gy；WBRT组，１．８Gy～２Gy／次，总剂量３０Gy～４０Gy。［结果］４组的局部控制率分别为４７．１％、８７．７％、８６．５％、７８％；中位生存期分别为５．０、１１．０、１１．５、１０．０个月；局部无进展生存期分别为３．３３、８．３３、９．３３、７．６７个月；颅脑无新病灶生存期分别为４．１１、８．５７、９．０３、６．１２个月。单纯全脑放疗组死于脑转移的占５７．６％，较其他３组高。而全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科组的晚期放射反应的发生率为１２．２％，较其它组高。［结论］肺癌单发脑转移瘤患者的最佳治疗方式是单纯立体定向放射治疗。多发脑转移，全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT＋SRT)在提高生存率以及减少并发症方面优于其他治疗方法。     

卡铂加放射治疗食管癌的前瞻性研究

目的：探讨卡铂提高食管癌放射治疗疗效的方法。方法：180例食管癌患者根据入选标准随机分组，90例进入卡铂＋放射治疗（卡放组），90例进入单纯放射治疗（单放组），卡放组放疗第1、4周同时用卡铂100mg／d，静脉滴入，每周连用5d，2个周期总量为1000mg，单放组放疗方法同卡放组。单放组^90Co-γ射线常规三野照射6用，共60Gy／30次。结果：近期疗效显示，卡放组完全缓解率达52．2％，单放组为36．7%，两者差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；卡放组和单放组5年生存率分别为22．2％和10％，两者差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；10年生存率分别为14．4％和6．7％，两者差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。卡放组毒副反应明显高于单放组，但患者能耐受，两组的主要死亡原因是局部复发。结论：卡铂加放射治疗食管癌可以提高疗效。毒副反应虽然有所增加，但所有患者均可耐受。     

中晚期食管癌155例治疗分析

为探讨中晚期食管癌单纯手术和放疗以及综合治疗疗效，回顾分析了１９９２年７月至１９９７年１２月间收治的中晚期食管癌１５５例临床资料，其中单纯手术２８例，单纯放疗５８例，术后放化疗５３例，放化疗１６例。放疗剂量６５～７０Ｇｙ。采用ＰＦＢ（ＤＤＰ＋５Ｆｕ＋ＢＬＭ）方案治疗。结果显示１ａ，３ａ，５ａ生存率分别为６０．０％，３４．２％和２０．６％。术后放化组５ａ生存率（２８．３％）比单纯手术组（２１．４％）高，放化组５ａ生存率（２５．０％）比单纯放疗组（１２．１％）高，但２组均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），结果提示中晚期食管癌术后辅以放化疗可减少和延缓肿瘤复发和转移，放疗和化疗对治疗局部复发和远处转移有一定疗效。     

放射治疗食管癌后配合DF方案化疗

目的 探讨放射治疗后配合ＤＦ方案化疗对食管瘤的治疗价值。方法 将１９２例食管癌患者随机分为２个组行前瞻性临床研究。一组９６全行放射治疗后配合ＤＦ方案化疗（综合组）,另一组９６例行单纯放射治疗（单放组）。放射治疗采用６ＭＶＸ射线常规照射,Ｄｒ６０～７０Ｇｙ;化疗在放射治疗后１个月内按计划每３周行１个周期。２个组均随访３年。结果 综合组与单放组１,２,３年生存率分别为６１．５％,４４．８％,３４．４％     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.