飞行员加速度耐力与Gz暴露后眼房水蛋白含量变化的关系

查明飞行员离心机加速度负荷前后眼前房蛋白含量的变化与加速度耐力之间的关系。歼击机飞机员４２例，男性，２０－３５岁。采用６３型载人离心机检测其加速度耐力，耐受＋Ｇｚ值〉４．２５Ｇ，峰值恒速时间〉１０ｓ为加速度耐力良好；低于此限者为加速度耐力不良。     

飞行员眼前房蛋白浓度定量检测与昼夜变化

目的为做好飞行员的血液房水屏障功能检测和早期发现疾病，对眼的前房蛋白浓度进行定量检测和昼夜变化的观察。方法应用激光闪光细胞检测仪（Laserflarecellmeter，LFCM），即房水蛋白定量检测装置对我国正常飞行员80例160眼进行了眼前房蛋白含量及20例40眼前房蛋白含量昼夜变化的定量自动检测。结果飞行员眼前房蛋白含量平均为0.43±0.13g／L（光粒子数平均为5.54±1，5Photoncount／ms），眼前房蛋白含量昼夜在不断地变化，其蛋白含量最高峰为6时，最低点为18时，两者有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论正常飞行员眼前房蛋白含量数据的提出，使飞行员眼的血液房水屏障机能检测由既往裂隙灯定性发展为用LFCM定量，便于早期疾病的发现与诊断。     

飞行员的加速度耐力与眼前房蛋白含量变化的研究

在航空航天飞行中，由于飞行器受到外力的作用，使飞行速度或航向发生变化而产生加速度，飞行员在加速度的作用下产生一系列的生物动力学改变，在眼部常表现视觉障碍，出现发现、黑视等现象，对飞行带来很大的影响，以至因此而停止飞行者亦非罕见。本研究应用定量检测眼的前房蛋白含量的方法，以求探明飞行员加速度耐力与眼的血－房水屏障机能之间的关系，为在航空航天飞行中眼科的卫勤保障工作做出一些新的探索。经研究证实，加速度耐力的机体状态与眼的前房蛋白含量变化有着密切的相关性，提出眼的前房蛋白定量检测是评定飞行员加速度耐力…     

高性能战斗机飞行员加速度耐力选拔方法和标准的探讨

目前高性能战斗机飞行员的离心机选拔多采取“穿抗G服做抗G收紧动作”的综合加速度耐力鉴定方法。但在实际操作和准确评价时存在许多问题，有必要进一步探讨。我们对飞行员的离心机加速度耐力结果进行统计分析，计算不同抗G措施防护效果与基础G耐力的相关系数。结果表明：①加速度耐力不良者的基础G耐力明显低于健康飞行员，P＜0．01；②抗荷装备效能与基础G耐力密切相关；③抗G收紧动作的熟练程度与其效果相关；④采用综合措施能耐受9．0G的人基础G耐力≥4．5G；基础G耐力＜4．5G的人难以耐受9．0G。因此我们认为，高性能战斗机飞行员必须经过加速度耐力选拔，以基础G耐力达到快增长率4．5G持续10s为合格。     

飞行员高空缺氧耐力与血—眼屏障机能关系的研究

飞行员高空缺氧耐力的研究是航空医学一个重要课题，在高空缺氧条件下对缺氧最为敏感器官之一的血－眼屏障机能是否发生变化，未见报道。为此，我们应用最先进的激光房水闪光－细胞仪，对飞行人员在低压氧舱检测前后房水蛋白含量进行了定量测定。１　对象与方法１．１　对象　受检者为飞行员３２人６４眼，均为男性，年龄在２１～３０岁之间。身体健康，无周身及眼部疾病。１．２　方法（１）用低压舱模拟高空缺氧，低压舱为ＤＹ－７８型。（２）受检者在低压舱内升至５０００ｍ高度，无吸氧状态下停留３０ｍｉｎ，观测心电、心率、指端血氧…     

离心机训练矫治+Gz耐力不良的高性能战斗机飞行员

目的 矫治两名＋Ｇｚ耐力不良的高性能战斗机飞行员。方法在离心机上高＋ＧＺ负荷下训练抗荷动作（ＡＧＳＭ）和加压呼吸（ＰＢＧ）动作。结果 ＡＧＳＭ的抗荷效果提高３．０－３．２５Ｇ,加压呼吸了系统的抗荷效果提高２．７５－３．０Ｇ,综合耐力比基础耐力高４．２５－４．５Ｇ,两人均顺利通过８Ｇ１０Ｓ的ＳＡＣＭ＋ＧＺ曲线,达到训练标准。     

＋Gz暴露对飞行员肾功能尿液检测指标的影响（摘要）

目的观察中等水平＋Gz暴露对飞行员尿微量白蛋白（microalbumin,MA）、尿α1微球蛋白（a1microglobulin,α1M）及尿常规十项检测指标的影响。方法33名歼击机飞行员接受离心机基础＋Gz耐力检查,最高加速度暴露水平为＋4．25G／10s,观察了10名飞行员＋Gz暴露后2h和23名飞行员＋Gz暴露后次日清晨上述尿液指标的变化情况。结果离心机检查前,     

1988～1996年人体离心机检查飞行员+GZ耐力的分析

目的在对机动飞行中经常发生黑视或意识丧失的飞行员医学评定过程中，进行了人体离心机＋ＧＺ耐力检查。本文旨在总结分析人体离心机检查飞行员＋ＧＺ耐力的经验及规律性，供有关人员参考。方法对１９８８～１９９６年９年间人体离心机检查飞行员记录资料进行整理分析，统计飞行员的年龄、飞行时间、飞行机种等。结果１９８８～１９９６年共检查男飞行员４９２人次，初查２２９人，复查２６３人次，初查平均年龄为（２９．２７±４．８７）岁，有７０．７％的飞行员在２６～３５岁之间。飞行平均时间为（１０１５．２４±１３１．８９）ｈ，６０１～１２００ｈ的占５３．３％。歼－６及其以上机种占６８％～７％，歼－５及其以下机种占３１．３％。结论通过对９年人体离心机检查记录资料的整理分析及实际操作经验发现，前来检查的多为年龄在２６～３５岁之间、飞行时间６０１～１２００ｈ、飞行机种为歼－６和歼－７的飞行员。因此应该特别关注此年龄段和飞行时间阶段的飞行员。歼击机部队须增添Ｇ耐力训练特制设备，制定科学的体能训练计划。     

加速度性晕厥飞行员离心机与立位耐力分析

加速度性晕厥飞行员离心机与立位耐力分析罗海宁纪桂英陈同欣郑军关键词（ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＳ）加速度（Ａｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）Ｇ耐力（Ｇｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ）体格检查（Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ）中国图书资料分类法分类号Ｒ８５２．２１目前，对战斗机...     

有晕厥史飞行员立位应激下自主神经功能评价

目的：评价加速度引起的意识丧失（G－LOC）或血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）飞行员在立位耐力试验（OTT）条件下自主遥作用。方法：对30例晕厥并阳 性OTT病例组（I组），20例晕厥并阴性OTT病例组（Ⅱ组）和15例年龄，性别，飞行机种，飞行时间相匹配的健康飞行员（对照组）的心率变异（HRV）和OTT的关系进行研究，对所测量OTT前后心率（HR），收缩压（SBP），舒张压（DBP）和HRV指标进行对比分析。结果：3组被试者OTT前平均HR，SBP，DBP比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05），OTT后I组HR明显高于其他两组（P＜0．01），SBP和DBP明显低于其他两组（P＜0．01），HRV指标中I组24h连续RR间期标准差（SDNN），HRV三角指数（HRVI），RR间期平均值（RR）明显小于其他两组（P＜0．01），平均1h 功率谱分析I组低频成分／高频成份比值（LF／HF）明显高于其他两组（P＜0．05），结论：晕厥并阳性OTT飞行员立位应激下交感神经张力增强，副交感神经张力减弱，使自主神经功能失调。     

中等水平+Gz暴露对飞行员尿微量白蛋白、尿α1微球蛋白及尿常规检测指标的影响

目的 观察中等水平+Gz暴露对飞行员尿微量白蛋白(MA)、尿α1微球蛋白(α1M)及尿常规10项检测指标的影响.方法 33名歼击机飞行员接受离心机基础+Gz耐力检查,最高加速度暴露水平为+4.25 G/10 s,观察10名飞行员+Gz暴露后2 h和23名飞行员+Gz暴露后24 h尿液指标中MA、α1M和尿常规10项指标的变化情况.结果 离心机检查前,33名飞行员尿液指标检测结果均正常.离心机检查完毕所有飞行员均无明显不适主诉.离心机检查后2 h有1名飞行员尿MA高于正常值,1名飞行员尿α1M高于正常值,次日复查正常,尿常规10项检测结果均正常,但+Gz暴露后2 h尿比重略有减小(t=4.129,P＜0.01),pH值略有增加(t=6.530,P＜0.01).离心机检查后24 h,有1名飞行员尿MA升高,1名飞行员尿α1M升高,1名飞行员尿常规10项检测检出少量红细胞,+Gz暴露后24 h尿比重及pH值与暴露前比较差异不显著.与离心机检查前比较,检查后2 h、24 h尿MA和口lM均无明显差异(t=1.616、0.376、0.640、0.422,P＞0.05).结论 中等水平+Gz暴露对少部分飞行员肾功能指标有轻微影响,个别人员可出现短暂异常,应注意加强+Gz暴露后飞行员肾功能的监测和保护.     

+Gz作用下心电图QT间期的改变及其意义

目的 探讨能否用ＱＴ间期来预测飞行员对＋Ｇｚ应激的反应情况。方法３７名空军 在人用离心机上经受峰值为４Ｇ的正向加速度作用,根据被试者对＋Ｇｚ应激反应的不同,将其分成Ａ组（反应良好组,ｎ＝１８）、Ｂ组（反应亢进组,ｎ＝１４）和Ｃ组（反应抑制组,ｎ＝１）。实验结束后测量＋Ｇｚ作用前、中、后心电图的ＱＴＵ是期和ＲＲＵ是期,并对能够测量出ＱＴ间期的３３人（８９．２％）的数据进行统计分析。结果 ＋Ｇｚ作用中     

飞行员在高+Gz暴露后的肺功能变化

目的 研究不同水平高＋Gz暴露后对人体肺功能的后效应.方法 95名现役男性歼击机飞行员,分别接受＋7 Gz和＋9 Gz离心机检查,于＋Gz暴露前1 d和暴露后12～65 min内测定肺容量、肺通气功能和弥散功能指标.结果 ＋7 Gz暴露后,飞行员肺弥散功能减退和轻度小气道功能异常,＋9 Gz暴露后程度加重,并出现肺活量降低.但＋7 Gz和＋9 Gz之间,各项指标无明显差异.结论 高G暴露可导致小气道功能和弥散功能减低的后效应,其持续时间和对飞行员肺功能有无长期影响有待进一步研究.     

Proteinuria in fighter pilots after high +Gz exposure

Exposure to high gravitational forces acting along the body axis towards the feet (+Gz) causes considerable strain on several organ systems, including the kidneys. During +Gz tolerance studies without anti-G suits, significant amounts of protein and hyaline casts were found in 17 of 20 fighter pilots after centrifugation. The G load alternated between 3.5 and 5.5 G. Mean time in the centrifuge was 15 min. For comparison we examined another group of 19 fighter pilots after air combat maneuver training with anti-G suits. None showed proteinuria. The proteinuria most likely indicates a severely depressed renal blood flow during centrifugation.     

Reproducibility of +Gz tolerance testing.

The +Gz tolerance of USAF aircrewmen undergoing medical evaluation has been tested at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine since 1973. For various reasons, the test protocol can usually be carried out only once on these patients. Accurate determination of the +Gz tolerance of aircrewmen who fly high performance fighter aircraft is very important in assuring aero-medical safety, since loss of consciousness as a result of exceeding a pilot's G tolerance may result in loss of life and loss of aircraft. It is, therefore, necessary to estimate the variability associated with each profile of the test so that a more accurate assessment of +Gz tolerance can be made. Multiple repeat medical evaluation test protocols were performed on 17 centrifuge acceleration panel members. The standard deviations in the +Gz measurements for the four centrifuge profiles were GOR(1) = 0.38 Gz, ROR=0.22 Gz, GOR(2)=0.34 Gz, and GOR(S)=0.39 Gz. A statistically significant learning effect, which increases +Gz tolerance, was observed in both experienced and inexperienced subjects. Knowledge of the variability associated with each test profile will allow a more accurate definition of an individual +Gz tolerance when only a single centrifuge test protocol can be performed. In addition, possible future use of this centrifuge protocol in the selection of individuals with above- or below-average +Gz tolerance is facilitated with an accurate assessment of the variability associated with the test.     

新型载人离心机在军事航空医学中的应用

目的 探讨在新型载人离心机上进行飞行员抗荷耐力选拔与训练、-Gx体验、动态飞行模拟(dynamic flight simulation,DFS)训练以及抗荷装备生理鉴定实验的方法,探索新型载人离心机的应用方法. 方法 ①24名飞行员在六三型载人离心机上进行基础+Gz耐力检查,然后按同样方法,在新型载人离心机上进行了对照检查.②100名飞行员进行了离心机训练,其中的42名飞行员为被动控制训练,58名飞行员为闭环控制训练.③8名飞行员体验-1.5 Gx及-2.0 Gx载荷.④18名飞行员进行DFS飞行体验,特技飞行动作包括左盘旋、右盘旋、半滚倒转、斤斗、半斤斗翻转和桶滚.⑤6名志愿者和9名飞行员在新型载人离心机上,分别进行服装、PBG、服装结合PBG、服装结合PBG及抗荷收紧动作(anti-G straining manoeuvre,AGSM)的抗荷效果试验. 结果 ①在新、老离心机上检查出的+Gz耐力结果平均值分别为(4.25±0.34)G及(4.41±0.14)G(t=3.03,P<0.01),其差异与连续检查所致的疲劳及飞行员对重复检查的主观重视程度有关,排除二者影响,在新离心机上可采用现有抗荷耐力选拔方法.②在进行被动控制训练的飞行员中,25人完成7 G持续10 s,9人完成8 G持续10 s,仅有2人完成9 G持续10 s.在进行闭环控制训练的58名飞行员中,48人完成7 G持续10 s,19人完成8 G持续10 s,23人完成9 G持续10 s.③飞行员在进行-Gx载荷体验时,反映在座舱俯仰、滚转过程中头晕、恶心的感觉比较明显.④飞行员认为DFS体验与实际飞行接近,对提高机动空战能力具有实用价值.⑤抗荷装备的抗荷性能达到了飞机性能的要求.结论 新型载人离心机在高性能战斗机飞行员抗荷耐力选拔训练、-Gx体验、DFS体验及抗荷装备生理鉴定试验等工作中获得广泛应用,形成了相关应用方法,取得了较好的效果,为进一步开展相关工作奠定了基础. Abstract： Objective To investigate the approaches and the application effects of acceleration tolerance screening and training for fighter pilots,-Gx experience,dynamic flight simulation (DFS) experience and physiological evaluation of anti-G equipment on new human centrifuge. Methods ①Twenty-four pilots underwent the relaxed+Gz tolerance examination on a single degree of freedom centrifuge (Model 63) and on new human centrifuge for comparison.②One hundred high performance fighter pilots carried out centrifuge training.Among them,42 pilots were in passive control mode while the other 58 pilots were trained by close-loop mode.③Eight pilots experienced -1.5 Gx and-2.0 Gx on the new centrifuge.④Eighteen pilots performed aerobatic maneuvers,such as left spiral,right spiraI,split S loop,immelmann,and barrel roll in DFS awareness.⑤Six volunteers and 9 pilots served as subjects.The tests of anti-G capability evaluation for suits,suits combined with pressure breathing for G (PBG),and suits combined with PBG and anti-G strainingmaneuver (AGSM) were conducted respectively. Results ①The mean relaxed+Gz tolerance of pilots obtained on the new and old centrifuge was (4.25±0.34) G and (4.41±0.14) G respectively (t=3.03,P<0.01).The difference would be relative to fatigue that caused by continuous running and pilots' endurance to the reduplicate riding.So the current+Gz tolerance screening method was applicable on the new centrifuge regardless of the influence of the above mentioned factors.②In the training under passive control mode,25 of 42 pilots completed the training of 7 G for 10 s,9 pilots for 8 G for 10 s and 2 for 9 G for 10 s.In the close-loop control training,48 pilots passed training of 7 G for 10 s,19 pilots for 8 G for 10 s,and 23 for 9 G for 10 s.③During-Gx experience,the feelings of dizzy and disgust were evident during the roll and pitch movements.④Pilots reported that DFS training was similar to actual flight and possessed great practical value in improving aerial combat ability.⑤The performance of anti-G equipments reached the functional requirement. Conclusions New human centrifuge can be applied in acceleration tolerance screening and training for high performance fighter aircraft pilots,-Gx experience,DFS training,and physiological evaluation for anti-G equipments.Relevant approaches have been established,and the application of new human centrifuge has acquired a satisfactory result.which lays the foundation for further work.     

加速度暴露下的心律失常及其航空医学意义

目的 探讨正加速度（＋Gz)作用下心血管自主神经调节与心律失常及G耐力的关系。方法 对36名立位耐力不良和62名健康飞行员＋Gz作用下的ECG及动态心电图进行对比分析。结果 ＋Gz作用下,立位耐力不良者心律失常发生率高,＋Gz耐力低。结论 ＋Gz作用下的心律失常可以作为评价心血管代偿功能及G致意识丧失（G－LOG）的预警指标。     

Endurance and performance during multiple intense high +Gz exposures with effective anti-G protection

BACKGROUND: In many high-intensity wartime scenarios, pilots may be required to fly multiple, strenuous missions during the same day. HYpothesis: New anti-G protection allows fighter pilots to endure multiple high +G, exposures during several sorties in a limited time interval. METHODS: Nine well-trained centrifuge subjects were exposed to tactical aerial combat maneuvers using balanced pressure breathing during G (PBG) and an extended coverage anti-G suit. The centrifuge exposures consisted of five simulated sorties during a 4-h period, each consisting of four engagements with rapid onset cycles (6 G x s(-1)) varying between +4 G, and -9 GC. The subjects executed a tracking task before, during, and after each engagement and verbally indicated their effort level. Neck muscle strength was measured before and after the test. RESULTS: Seven of the nine subjects could endure all five sorties during the 4-h period. On a scale from 0 (no effort) to 11 (maximum possible effort), highest effort level during runs varied from 5.5 to 11 units (mean 8.7). Maximal heart rate varied from 140-173 bpm (mean 159) and minimum finger oxygen saturation from 75-93% (mean 88). Maximal peripheral and central light-loss varied from 0 to 100% (mean 71 and 40, respeclively). Three G-LOCs (two in the same subject) and four cases of near loss of consciousness occurred. The general fatigue recovery time varied from 9 to 48 h (mean 21). The tracking tests showed that performance deteriorated significantly during all G exposures; the neck muscle contraction was impaired by 12% (p = 0.035) after the C exposures. CONCLUSION: It is possible to train subjects to withstand five simulated flight sorties during a 4-h period with a total of up to 80 peaks to +9 Gz and 80 peaks to +8 Gz using PBCG and an extended coverage anti-G suit.     

Lower body negative pressure box for +Gz simulation in the upright seated position

The cost of purchasing and operating a human centrifuge is substantial. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is considered an acceptable experimental substitute for the +Gz stress of the centrifuge. Since civil aviation pilots are usually subjected to +Gz stress in an upright seated position, an upright seated version of the supine LBNP box was developed. In this version, a negative pressure of -40 torr is considered the equivalent of a 2 +Gz stress. This box has successfully withstood a test pressure of -120 torr. Pedal ergometry within the box is easily accomplished. The box was anthropometrically engineered to accommodate a human height range of 160-195 cm. Locating the box within an altitude chamber allows the application of LBNP at any level of chamber altitude. The total cost of fabrication is approximately $500.