孤立性蝶窦病变的临床诊断与微创手术

目的　探讨孤立性蝶窦病变的临床诊断及微创手术方法。方法　对收治的 2 8例孤立性蝶窦病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析并文献复习。结果　 2 8例病人术前均经CT或 /和MRI及鼻内镜确诊。术后病理检查证实为蝶窦炎症 6例 (其中伴后鼻孔息肉 4例 )、蝶窦真菌感染 7例、蝶窦黏膜下囊肿 1 0例、蝶窦黏液囊肿 4例(其中 2例侵犯颅底及眼眶、1例至鼻中隔 )、蝶窦内翻性乳头状瘤 1例。 2 8例全部治愈。结论　对临床上有不明原因的头痛、头晕、眼部症状、回缩涕血有必要结合影像学检查及鼻内镜检查 ,以便早期确诊。鼻内镜下鼻腔进路联合切割吸引器对蝶窦病变进行微创手术是治疗孤立性蝶窦病变的一个安全有效的手术方式。     

切割吸引器对孤立性蝶窦病变的微创治疗

我科在鼻内镜下用切割吸引器治疗孤立性蝶窦病变，并与内镜下使用常规器械手术病例进行比较，对蝶窦病变微创手术治疗进行探索，现总结如下。     

切割吸引器对孤立性蝶窦病变的微创治疗

我科在鼻内镜下用切割吸引器治疗孤立性蝶窦病变,并与内镜下使用常规器械手术病例进行比较,对蝶窦病变微创手术治疗进行探索,现总结如下。一、资料与方法1 临床资料:2 0 0 0年1月～2 0 0 2年12月我科2 10 2例鼻内镜手术患者中,93例(93侧)为孤立性蝶窦病变,对随访资料完整的75例(75侧)进行分析。其中男4 9例,女2 6例;年龄9～80岁。术前CT检查,疑有颅底骨质破坏的加行磁共振成像(magneticresonanceimaging ,MRI)检查,均行蝶窦切开术。根据是使用切割吸引器(试验组)还是使用常规器械(常规组)治疗孤立性蝶窦病变随机分为2组(表1)。2 .手术方法…     

孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断与治疗

目的:提高孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断率和治疗率.方法:总结使用鼻窦内窥镜诊治孤立性蝶窦病变12例的全过程.结果:12例孤立性蝶窦病变的患者均获准确诊断,使用鼻窦镜行经鼻腔蝶窦手术,有效率为83.3%.随诊6～24个月,10例无复发,复发2例二次手术后治愈.结论:孤立性蝶窦病变患者可用鼻窦内窥镜诊断与治疗.     

鼻内镜下经上鼻道径路处理孤立性蝶窦病变

目的探讨鼻内镜下处理孤立性蝶窦病变的方法及疗效。方法回顾分析1999年8月~2004年10月93例孤立性蝶窦病变病人在鼻内镜下经上鼻道径路行孤立性蝶窦病变处理。鼻内镜下切除上鼻甲后半部分,直接暴露蝶窦前壁及开口,扩大开口,处理蝶窦病变。结果所有病例均顺利完成手术,无1例发生严重并发症。随访1~2年,蝶窦炎、蝶窦脓肿、蝶窦黏液囊肿、真菌性蝶窦炎、蝶窦息肉等88例病人均无复发。其余5例病人中1例真菌性蝶窦炎术后不久侵入颅内,后经抗真菌及综合治疗痊愈;2例蝶窦顶后壁脑脊液鼻漏1次性修补成功;1例蝶窦侧壁脑脊液鼻漏修补失败;1例蝶窦血管瘤未愈。结论鼻内镜下经上鼻道进路是处理孤立性蝶窦病变安全、直接、微创、有效的治疗方法。     

孤立性蝶窦霉菌病

目的：为了提高对蝶窦霉菌病的认识,以利其诊断和治疗。方法：回顾性调查孤立性蝶窦霉菌病16例,总结其临床表现,影像学特征及治疗效果。结果：在1985－1998年间收治孤立性蝶窦霉菌病共16例,多数为中老年女性,最主要的临床症状为回吸涕带血,约上中81％,其次为头痛,占69％,1例患者出现视力下降和复视,蝶窦霉菌病变的影像学表现主要为蝶窦内低密度的组织影伴骨壁增厚和窦内软组织影中有钙化灶,CT检查有利于解病变的范围及性质,全部病例均承鼻内窥镜下行蝶窦手术,手术安全,出血少,并发症少,术后恢复快等特点。结论：蝶窦霉菌病较少见,其头痛,器吸涕中带血等主诉易与其它一些疾病相混淆,临床上应给予高度重视,蝶窦霉菌病可采用鼻内窥镜下蝶窦手术。     

鼻内镜下孤立性蝶窦病变手术15例

目的探讨鼻内镜下处理孤立性蝶窦病变的方法及疗效。方法对收治的15 例孤立性蝶窦病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者均于鼻内镜下顺利完成手术,无1 例发生严重并发症,均一次性治愈,随访半年无复发。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗孤立性蝶窦疾病安全、直接、有效的方法之一。     

经鼻内镜治疗孤立性蝶窦病变疗效分析

目的 回顾总结孤立性蝶窦病变的临床特征和治疗结果,归纳蝶窦病变的手术方式和治疗策略.方法 62例接受鼻内镜手术的孤立性蝶窦病变患者中,蝶窦真菌11例(17.7％),蝶窦囊肿34例(54.8％),单纯蝶窦炎10例(16.1％),蝶窦脑膜脑膨出7例(11.3％).所有患者术前均接受鼻窦CT检查,部分患者补充鼻窦MRI检查,...     

孤立性蝶窦疾病18例临床分析

目的：探讨孤立性蝶窦疾病的诊断及合理的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析18例经鼻内镜手术治疗的孤立性蝶窦疾病患者的临床资料。结果：18例中，炎性疾病l5例(急性炎症2例，慢性炎症3例，囊肿8例，真菌病2例)，恶性肿瘤3例。经鼻内镜手术后随访3个月至半年，蝶窦前壁开窗通畅，窦腔各壁光滑，症状明显改善，无并发症发生。结论：头痛是孤立性蝶窦疾病的常见症状，另有视力损害、血性涕及其他脑神经麻痹症状，CT、MRI及鼻内镜检查为其诊断提供有力依据；鼻内镜手术治疗是一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

089孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断与治疗

通过文献复习，介绍了各种孤立性蝶窦病变的特点，包括孤立性蝶窦炎、蝶窦后鼻孔息肉、蝶窦粘液囊肿、Rathke囊肿、蝶窦脑膜脑膨出、脑脊液鼻漏、视神经管骨折、骨纤维异常增殖症、骨化纤维瘤、蝶窦颈内动脉瘤、颈内动脉－海绵窦和蝶窦良、恶性肿瘤等。现代影像学检查和鼻内窥镜技术是诊断和治疗孤立性蝶窦病变的有效方法。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.