日本血吸虫（大陆株）成虫基因表达谱的研究

报告作1998年至2000年有关日本血吸虫（大陆株）成早基因表达谱研究的结果，主要扬：已测定551条EST，其中519条EST已送入国际基因数据库（GenBank/dbEST），并获得了GenBank的登录号。经同源整合后，519长EST序列归类为388个基因序列，其中，24条（6.19％）为日本血吸虫已知基因序列；18条（4.64％）EST与曼长血吸虫已知基因序列同源，90条（23.19％）EST与其它生物的已知基因序列同源，同源基因包括精氮酸酶、酰胺酸酶、微纤维蛋白、肌动蛋白、细胞色素C氧化酶、二硫异构酶、加长因子、热激蛋白70、Y盒结合蛋白和抗凋亡因子等。其余的256条（65.98％）EST在Gen-Bank中未发现有已知基因的同源序列。将非日本血吸虫同源序列EST或未检索到同源序列的EST初步定义为日本血吸虫亲基因/未知基因序列EST，共364条。已克降日本血吸虫精氮酸酶基因、Y-盒结合蛋白基因和抗凋亡-1因子3个新基因的全长cDNA，其GenBank的登录号分别为AF402615、AF367371和AF333765。本研究结果丰富了血吸虫基因组数据，并为进一步筛选日本血吸虫疫苗候选基因或药物靶位提供了科学依据。     

日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因cDNA的分离和序列分析

【目的】分离和鉴定日本血吸虫 (Schistosomajaponicum ,S .j)新基因。【方法】应用免疫学方法筛选S .jcDNA文库获得阳性克隆 ;通过PCR直接序列测定技术 ,表达序列标签 (EST)同源性检索对阳性克隆插入片段进行鉴定 ;采用亚克隆技术及生物信息学等技术 ,对获得的日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因序列进行结构与功能的分析。【结果】获得了一个含10 6 1bp外源插入片段的阳性克隆 ,其cDNA序列含有一个 840bp的阅读框 ,编码 2 79个氨基酸 ,属精氨酸酶家族 ,与国际蛋白质库中的酵母、蛙、人和大鼠精氨酸酶序列的同源性分别为 44 % ,5 0 % ,5 1% ,5 3%和 5 4%。【结论】获得了编码日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因全长cDNA ,为日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因功能的研究奠定了基础。     

日本血吸虫尾蚴（中国大陆株）表达序列标签的获取及同源性分析

目的：了解日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库中基因的基本情况,为新基因的筛选鉴定提供依据。方法：日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库中的噬菌体侵入大肠杆菌BM25．8后环化成质粒。筛选出转入质粒的菌株。提取质粒DNA,用质粒上的一段测序引物序列进行一次性测序,得到一个表达序列标签（EST0。通过BLASTx及BLASTn公共数据库经编辑分析的EST序列进行同源性比较。经过分析编辑后的新EST序列,以编写好的程序和E-mail方式递交,以获得GenBank登录号,通过对同源性比较结果的总结,对该文库的基本情况进行分析。结果与结论：在测出的58个EST中有3个核苷酸序列与日本血吸虫已知基因高度同源,有2个核苷酸序列与曼氏血吸虫较高度同源,有7个EST的蛋白质序列与其他物种有较高同源性而核苷酸序列同源性很低,有27个EST的蛋白质核苷酸序列同源性都很低。     

抗日本血吸虫病天然分子疫苗免疫猪血清筛选日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库结果分析

目的通过天然分子疫苗免疫猪血清作为探针筛选日本血吸虫尾蚴cDNA文库,应用表达序列标签获得日本血吸虫新基因.方法制备天然分子免疫猪血清,将筛选的尾蚴cDNA文库中大肠杆菌XL1-Blue侵入大肠杆菌BM25.8后环化成质粒,筛选出已转入质粒的菌株.提取质粒DNA,进行测序,得到一个表达序列标签(EST).通过NCBI网站的BLASTx及BLASTn公共数据库,编辑分析EST序列并进行同源性比较.结果从26个克隆样品中筛选出8个阳性克隆,其中有一个新基因(GenBank登录号DQ097517),该基因全长861 bp,有完整的阅读框架,与蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)SMC3蛋白编码的mRNA基因序列同源性最高.结论疫苗免疫猪血清可作为筛选日本血吸虫新基因的有效探针,新发现1个日本血吸虫相关基因.     

日本血吸虫表达序列标签的获取和分析

目的 运用表达序列标签(expressed sequence tag，EST)技术，从日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库中分离、鉴定和分析表达基因序列，为日本血吸虫病的防治提供候选疫苗和药物靶点。方法 构建日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库，随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行测序，将获取的EST登录GenBank，并进行生物信息学分析。结果 随机挑取382个阳性克隆进行测序，获得149个EST(登录号分别为：CA747382～CA747391，BU917055～BU917058，CA305307～CA305309，BU581980，BU582400～BU582403，BU666906和(A946548～CA946666)，同源性比较发现，部分序列与血吸虫的生活史的不同阶段和不同性别序列有一定的同源性。结论 EST技术有助于快速、经济地获取和研究日本血吸虫表达基因。     

日本血吸虫真核生物翻译起始因子2α亚基全长cDNA的克隆与功能分析

目的对用表达序列标签(EST)策略从日本血吸虫(Schistosomajaponicum)尾蚴cDNA文库中筛选出的新基因进行全长cDNA克隆及功能预测。方法将插入于pTriplEx2 质粒上的cDNA进行测序,测序结果经BLASTn程序搜索,发现该插入cDNA序列与曼氏血吸虫真核生物翻译起始因子2α亚基(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit, eIF2α) 基因高度同源。根据该EST序列设计与pTriplEx2 质粒上的5'端测序引物相匹配的PCR下游引物,从该cDNA文库中扩出包含eIF2α全长ORF的cDNA片段。将PCR产物纯化后克隆到pGEM-T载体上,并对此克隆进行测序得到其全长cDNA序列。用NCBI 站点的BLASTx及BLASTn程序对所获得的新基因序列进行同源性搜索;用blast two sequence程序对同源性高的基因进行核苷酸及氨基酸水平的同源性比较。同时用网上分析软件进行基序和保守区域的搜索。结果发现一个与曼氏血吸虫eIF2α亚基mRNA高度同源的日本血吸虫新基因,核苷酸与氨基酸水平的同一性分别为87%和79%,编码由327个氨基酸组成的蛋白序列。结论用EST策略筛选到一个日本血吸虫新基因,编码eIF2α亚基,全长编码序列与曼氏血吸虫eIF2α亚基mRNA高度同源。     

日本血吸虫真核生物翻译起始因子2α亚基全长cDNA的克隆与功能分析

目的 对用表达序列标签(EST)策略从日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)尾蚴cDNA文库中筛选出的新基因进行全长cDNA克隆及功能预测。方法 将插入于pTriplEx2质粒上的cDNA进行测序，测序结果经BLAS Tn程序搜索，发现该插入cDNA序列与曼氏血吸虫真核生物翻译起始因子2α亚基(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit，elF2α)基因高度同源。根据该EST序列设计与pTriplEx2质粒上的5′端测序引物相匹配的PCR下游引物，从该cDNA文库中扩出包含eIF2α全长ORF的cDNA片段。将PCR产物纯化后克隆到pGEM-T载体上，并对此克隆进行测序得到其全长cDNA序列。用NCBI站点的BLASTx及BLASTn程序对所获得的新基因序列进行同源性搜索；用blast two sequence程序对同源性高的基因进行核苷酸及氨基酸水平的同源性比较。同时用网上分析软件进行基序和保守区域的搜索。结果 发现一个与曼氏血吸虫eIF2α亚基mRNA高度同源的日本血吸虫新基因，核苷酸与氨基酸水平的同一性分别为87％和79％，编码由327个氨基酸组成的蛋白序列。结论 用EST策略筛选到一个日本血吸虫新基因，编码eIF2α亚基，全长编码序列与曼氏血吸虫eIF2α亚基mRNA高度同源。     

日本血吸虫8k CaBP基因启动子区的克隆与分析

目的克隆日本血吸虫8k CaBP(Sj8CaBP)基因启动子区并对该序列进行分析。方法提取日本血吸虫基因组DNA，并按Clontech Universal Genome Walker^TMKit的操作手册说明，建立日本血吸虫基因组DNA文库。根据手册要求及Sj8CaBP基因的cDNA序列，设计合成该基因染色体步移的特异性引物与试剂盒提供的端子引物进行巢式PCR。将得到的PCR产物克隆测序，测序结果用启动子区的分析软件及与其cDNA序列比对进行分析。结果得到的Sj8CaBP基因长度为1079bp(GenBank登录号AY262018)，该基因包含Sj8CaBP基因完整的开放阅读框(ORF)，包括1个内含子及2个外显子，在其5′端UTR区具有明显的启动子区，包括TATA盒及CAAT盒，没有发现GC盒及一些血吸虫基因启动子区所常见的AP—1(Active protein 1)结合位点。结论从日本血吸虫基因组文库中获得一个长1079bp的Sj8CaBP基因片段(GenBank登录号为AY262018)，经分析证明，该片段包含一个启动子区，具有TATA盒及CAAT盒的结构及1个内含子2个外显子．     

日本血吸虫精氨酸编码基因CDNA的分离和序列分析

【目的】分离和鉴定日本血吸虫(Schistosomajaponicum,S.j)新基因。【方法】应用免疫学方法筛选S.jcDNA文库获得阳性克隆;通过PCR直接序列测定技术,表达序列标签（EST）同源性检索对阳性克隆插入片段进行鉴定;采用亚克隆技术及生物信息学等技术,对获得的日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因序列进行结构与功能的分析。【结果】获得了一个含1061bp外源插入片段的阳性克隆,其cDNA序列含有一个840bp的阅读框,编码279个氨基酸,属精氨酸酶家族,与国际蛋白质库中的酵母、蛙、人和大鼠精氨酸酶序列的同源性分别为44%,50%,51%,53%和54%。【结论】获得了编码日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因全长cDNA,为日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因功能的研究奠定了基础。     

日本血吸虫8k CaBP基因启动子区的克隆与分析

目的 克隆日本血吸虫8kCaBP(Sj8CaBP)基因启动子区并对该序列进行分析。方法 提取日本血吸虫基因组DNA,并按Clontech Universal Genome Walker^TM Kit的操作手册说明,建立日本血吸虫基因组DNA文库。根据手册要求及Sj8CaBP基因的cDNA序列,设计合成该基因染色体步移的特异性引物与试剂盒提供的端子引物进行巢式PCR。将得到的PCR产物克隆测序,测序结果用启动子区的分析软件及与其cDNA序列比对进行分析。结果 得到的Sj8CaBP基因长度为1079bp(GenBank登录号AY262018),该基因包含Sj8CaBP基因完整的开放阅读框(ORF),包括1个内含子及2个外显子,在其5’端UTR区具有明显的启动子区,包括TATA盒及CAAT盒,没有发现GC盒及一些血吸虫基因启动子区所常见的AP-1(Activeprotein1)结合位点。结论 从日本血吸虫基因组文库中获得一个长1079bp的Sj8CaBP基因片段(GenBank登录号为AY262018),经分析证明,该片段包含一个启动子区,具有TATA盒及CAAT盒的结构及1个内含子2个外显子.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.