替硝唑洗液的抗厌氧菌活性及对人阴道滴虫的杀灭作用

目的:观察替硝唑洗液的抗厌氧菌活性及对人阴道滴虫的杀灭作用。方法:采用肉汤试管稀释法测定抗厌氧菌的MIC及MBC ;采用家兔阴道感染人阴道滴虫的模型,观察其抗阴道毛滴虫的作用。结果:替硝唑洗液对200株厌氧菌(除乳杆菌、直杆菌外)均有较好的抗菌活性,其MIC₅₀均在2mg/L以下,MIC₉₀ 略高(16mg/L) ,MBC约为MIC的4～16倍。替硝唑洗液阴道内直接给药和阴道内冲洗,5mg/kg以上对阴道毛滴虫具有明显的杀灭作用,20mg/kg达痊愈。结论:替硝唑洗液具有明显的抗厌氧菌活性,且对人阴道毛滴虫具有很好的杀灭作用,其杀灭滴虫的作用强度优于碧洁洗液     

双唑泰棉栓的体外抗病原微生物及实验性阴道炎治疗作用研究

目的 评价双唑泰棉栓的抗细菌、抗真菌和抗滴虫作用。方法 体外二倍稀释法测定双唑泰棉栓对临床分离的致病需氧菌、厌氧菌、真菌的抗菌活性和滴虫的MIC50，并与双唑泰栓进行比较；体内以白色念珠菌和厌氧菌的实验性大鼠阴道炎模型用双唑泰棉栓进行治疗。结果 双唑泰棉栓具有较强的抗菌作用，对所试验的48株厌氧菌(脆弱拟杆菌、具核梭杆菌、牙龈拟杆菌、躯体拟杆菌、多毛拟杆菌、消化链球菌)作用十分强。MIC50在0．003～0．025mg／L，对白色念珠菌、淋球菌也有较强的抗菌活性，其MIC50均为0．05mg／L。对滴虫的MIC50为2．0mg／L。双唑泰棉栓治疗大鼠实验性白色念珠菌阴道炎和脆弱类杆菌阴道炎，给药后3d，棉栓组细菌培养菌落数与无药组比较已明显下降，给药后7d，细菌菌落数继续下降，肉眼观察外阴及阴道分泌物发现棉栓组阴道分泌物吸附于棉栓，呈粘稠状，含药棉栓组阴道分泌物明显比无药棉栓组少，且呈剂量依赖性，取各组动物阴道组织作病理切片观察，无药模型组阴道壁粘膜下层、肌层广泛分布许多中性粒细胞，而双唑泰棉栓与双唑泰栓相同剂量(40mg／kg)给药组仅有少许散在的炎性细胞浸润。结论 双唑泰棉栓与双唑泰栓一样有较强的抗厌氧菌、需氧菌、抗真菌及抗滴虫作用，同时对实验性阴道炎有较好的治疗作用，且双唑泰棉栓较双唑泰栓对阴道分泌物有较好的吸附作用。     

替硝唑栓体内外抗阴道毛滴虫作用

目的 :观察替硝唑栓体内外抗阴道毛滴虫作用。方法 :经临床分离阴道毛滴虫 3 5株 ,观察替硝唑栓体外抗阴道毛滴虫作用 ;临床阴道滴虫病病人 75例用替硝唑栓 ( 0 .1g/粒 )治疗 ,隔日晚上睡时放入阴道 1粒 ,疗程 3d ,观察替硝唑栓体内抗阴道毛滴虫作用。选用甲硝唑栓作对照。结果 :替硝唑栓体外对阴道毛滴虫最小致死浓度为3 .72± 1 .2 4 μg/ml;替硝唑栓对临床阴道滴虫病治疗有效率 89% ,滴虫转阴率 99% ,与甲硝唑栓作用相似。 结论 :替硝唑栓体内外抗阴道滴虫作用与甲硝栓相似 ,但体内治疗替硝唑栓疗程比甲硝唑栓缩短。     

复方替硝唑栓剂体内外抗阴道毛滴虫研究

目的观察复方替硝唑栓剂的体内外抗阴道毛滴虫作用。方法将临床确诊的滴虫性阴道炎患者100例随机分为两纽，试验纽用复方替硝唑栓治疗，对照组用双唑泰栓治疗，每晚睡前放入阴道1粒。6d为1个疗程，共治疗2个疗程；选用临床分离的阴道毛滴虫9株。观察复方替硝唑栓的体外抗阴道毛滴虫作用。结果临床治愈率复方替硝唑栓为100％，双唑泰栓为78．7％，两者有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；复方替硝唑栓体外抗阴道毛滴虫的抑虫50％浓度（MIC50）、抑虫90％浓度（MIC50）厦最低杀虫浓度（MBC）范围均低于双唑泰栓。结论复方替硝唑检体内外抗阴道毛滴虫作用显著．比双唑泰栓疗效更佳。     

塞克硝唑体内外抗厌氧菌效果的研究

目的 观察塞克硝唑(secnidazole，SNZ)体内外抗厌氧菌的活性。方法 采用琼脂平板稀释法测定塞克硝唑对200株厌氧菌的MIC90，以厌氧消化链球菌、产气英膜杆菌、脆弱类杆菌和牙龈紫质单胞菌小鼠感染模型测定口服或静脉注射塞克硝唑的体内抗菌活性，实验中以替硝唑和(或)甲硝唑作为对照。结果 塞克硝唑和替硝唑对120株革兰阴性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为l一4，1—2mg／mL，对80株革兰阳性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为4—8，4—16mg／mL，但无显著性差弄(t＝0．36—0．67，P＞0．05)。甲硝唑对上述革兰阴性和革兰阳性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为4—8，16—32mg／mL，明显高于塞克硝唑和替硝唑(t＝2．46—2．82，P＜0．01)。小鼠感染厌氧消化链球菌、产气英膜杆菌、脆弱类杆菌和牙龈紫质单胞菌后，口服塞克硝唑或替硝唑的ED50分别为6．287—12．912，6．943—14．726mg／kg，尾静脉注射塞克硝唑或替硝唑的ED50分别为4．448—8．398，4．380—8．872mg／kg。结论 塞克硝唑体内外抗厌氧菌的效果与替硝吐相似，甲硝唑体外抗厌氧菌作用不如塞克硝唑和替硝唑。     

复方替硝唑栓的制备及临床应用

<正> 替硝唑(Tinida,TNZ)是一种抗厌氧菌及抗原虫药,对脆弱类杆菌、拟杆菌等致病厌氧菌及滴虫、阿米巴原虫等病原微生物均有强大的抑制杀灭作用。女性阴道炎类型较多,以细菌性、霉菌性、滴虫性、混合型阴道炎较常见,单独使用替硝唑治疗阴道炎,已见替硝唑栓、替硝唑阴道泡腾片等局部用药的报道,但临床效果不佳。配伍广谱抗霉菌药物克霉唑,制成复方栓剂,应用范围广,临床效果满意,现报道如下:     

替硝唑的新剂型及临床应用

替硝唑 (Ｔｉｎｉｄａｌｄｅ ,ＴＮＩ)是继甲硝唑后研制的新一代硝基咪唑衍生物 ,是一种疗效更高 ,疗程更短 ,耐受性更好的抗滴虫药 ,对脆弱类杆菌、拟杆菌、消化链球菌、棱形杆菌等所有厌氧菌以及滴虫、阿米巴原虫、兰伯氏贾弟虫等病原微生物均有较强的抑制杀灭作用[1] 。常用于口腔厌氧菌感染 (牙周炎、根尖周炎、冠周炎等 )、阴道毛滴虫和非特异性阴道炎、其它厌氧菌感染性疾病 (腹腔炎、脓肿等 )以及手术后创伤感染的治疗。市场上常见的剂型有注射液、片剂、胶囊剂等。目前 ,一些单位为适应临床的需要 ,根据临床用药的特点 ,研制了一些…     

替硝唑泡腾片抗家兔阴道毛滴虫感染效果

应用家兔阴道毛滴虫感染模型，对替硝唑、甲硝唑泡腾片抗阴道毛滴虫感染的作用进行观察。结果表明，阴道毛滴虫半数抑虫率用药剂量，替硝唑为5．34mg／kg，甲硝唑为8．50mg／kg，两者有显著性差异。     

塞克硝唑体内外抗厌氧菌效果的研究

目的　观察塞克硝唑(secnidazole ,SNZ)体内外抗厌氧菌的活性。方法　采用琼脂平板稀释法测定塞克硝唑对200株厌氧菌的MIC₉₀ ,以厌氧消化链球菌、产气荚膜杆菌、脆弱类杆菌和牙龈紫质单胞菌小鼠感染模型测定口服或静脉注射塞克硝唑的体内抗菌活性,实验中以替硝唑和(或)甲硝唑作为对照。结果　塞克硝唑和替硝唑对120株革兰阴性厌氧菌的MIC₉₀分别为1～4 ,1～2mg/mL ,对80株革兰阳性厌氧菌的MIC₉₀分别为4～8,4～1 6mg/mL ,但无显著性差异(t=0 .36～0 .67,P>0 .0 5)。甲硝唑对上述革兰阴性和革兰阳性厌氧菌的MIC₉₀分别为4～8,1 6～32mg/mL ,明显高于塞克硝唑和替硝唑(t=2 .46～2 .82 ,P<0 .0 1 )。小鼠感染厌氧消化链球菌、产气荚膜杆菌、脆弱类杆菌和牙龈紫质单胞菌后,口服塞克硝唑或替硝唑的ED₅₀分别为6 .2 87～1 2 .91 2 ,6 .943～1 4 .72 6mg/kg ,尾静脉注射塞克硝唑或替硝唑的ED₅₀分别为4 .448～8.398,4.380～8.872mg/kg。结论　塞克硝唑体内外抗厌氧菌的效果与替硝唑相似,甲硝唑体外抗厌氧菌作用不如塞克硝唑和替硝唑     

痔疾洗液体外抑菌、抗滴虫及止痒作用研究

目的:研究痔疾洗液的体外抑菌、抗滴虫及止痒作用。方法:采用液体培养基连续稀释法和体外抑制阴道滴虫试验,观察本品的体外抑菌作用和抗滴虫作用;采用组胺致豚鼠搔痒法观察本品的止痒作用。结果:痔疾洗液对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌具有抑制作用,对阴道滴虫有杀灭作用;能提高组胺致豚鼠搔痒反应阈值。结论:痔疾洗液具有抑菌、抗阴道滴虫及止痒作用。     

Demethoxycurcumin and its semisynthetic analogues as antitubercular agents

Demethoxycurcumin, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, was found to possess antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H (37)Rv strain at 200 microg/mL. Derivatisation of this active principle yielded a potent agent 6, exhibiting considerable activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 microg/mL. H (37)Rv:Mycobacterium tuberculosis H (37)Rv strain MIC:minimum inhibitory concentration.     

Effect of stiripentol on carbamazepine plasma concentration and metabolism in epileptic children

Objective: To study the relationship between the plasma concentration of stiripentol (STP), a new antiepileptic drug, and its inhibitory effect on the formation of carbamazepine epoxide (CBZE) in epileptic children treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) either alone or in combination with another antiepileptic drug. Methods: Minimum plasma concentration of antiepileptic drugs was measured before initiation of STP therapy (day 0) and on days 28 (STP 60 mg⋅kg⁻¹⋅day⁻¹) and 84 (STP 90 mg⋅kg⁻¹⋅day⁻¹) by HPLC. Results: The CBZE/CBZ plasma concentration ratio decreased exponentially with increasing minimum plasma STP concentration (r = 0.80). The asymptote of the curve allowed the calculation of the minimum plasma STP concentration required to obtain the maximum inhibitory effect, i.e. 6.7 mg⋅l⁻¹. Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of STP on CBZ metabolism expressed as the CBZE/CBZ plasma concentration ratio is dependent on STP plasma concentration, with a maximum effect at an average of 7 mg⋅l⁻¹. The present data suggest that in order to evaluate the anticonvulsant efficacy of STP as add-on therapy, the minimum plasma STP concentration should be maintained above 7 mg⋅l⁻¹ and the dosage of CBZ should simultaneously be decreased in steps by more than 50% to minimize the change in CBZ plasma concentration. Received: 27 September 1995 / Accepted in revised form: 5 January 1996     

The invitro assessment of antibacterial effect of papaya seed extract against bacterial pathogens isolated from urine, wound and stool

BACKGROUND: Carica papaya family Caricaceacae is one of the herbal remedies, which has recently become a subject of research focus. It is used in traditional medicine for variety of purposes in treating infectious and noninfectious diseases. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of papaya seed extract against bacterial pathogens isolated from wound, urine and stool. METHODS: This analytical experimental study was conducted in Jimma University, School of Medical Laboratory Technology, Microbiology laboratory between February to March 2005. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of papaya seed was investigated against specific pathogenic bacteria isolated from wound, urine and stool by an agar dilution technique and the crude preparation was assessed by an agar diffusion technique. The growth or inhibition of control strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the clinical isolates of these bacteria were determined in growth media. RESULTS: Results obtained in this study indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentration of papaya seed extract for 50% of the test bacteria was 18.38mg/ml and for S. typhi the MIC was at 11.8 mg/ml of extract. However, the growth inhibitory effect of papaya seed extract was not observed for P. aeruginosa up to 26.25 mg /ml of extract. Even though, the minimum bactericidal concentration is higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration of papaya seed extract (13.13 mg/ml, 11.8 mg/ml respectively) against S. typhi control and clinical isolates, the minimum bactericidal concentration for 50% of the tested bacteria was found to be similar with the minimum inhibitory concentration of the test bacteria, CONCLUSION: Papaya seed could be used as an effective antibacterial agent for the tested organisms. Nevertheless, preclinical studies including invivo animal models and clinical trial on the effect of the seed are essential before advocating large-scale therapy.     

野菊花不同炮制品的提取物对5种常见致病菌抑菌效果的对比实验

目的:比较野菊花不同炮制品的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、肺炎链球菌(S.pneumoniae)、大肠埃希菌(E.coli)、痢疾杆菌(S.castellani)和铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)5种常见细菌的抑菌效果差异。方法:采用不同方法提取野菊花不同炮制品的提取物,经微生物学试验测得野菊花不同炮制品的最低抑菌环直径,比较了野菊花不同炮制品的提取物最低抑菌浓度及空间抑菌率的差异。结果:抑菌实验结果显示,生品醇提物对各种细菌抑制效果显著优于蒸制品及晒干品;蒸制品的抑菌效果优于晒干品醇提物;三者挥发油的抑菌圈之间无明显差异;最低抑菌浓度测定结果显示,生品提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度均低于蒸制品、晒干品(P<0.05),但对其他菌的最低抑菌浓度之间无统计学意义(P>0.05);空间抑菌率测定结果显示,生品醇提物抑菌率高于晒干品(P<0.05)。结论:野菊花不同炮制品的提取物对5种常见细菌的抑菌效果有较大差异,以生品醇提物的效果为最佳,蒸制品醇提物效果次之,晒干品醇提物的效果较差;不同炮制加工方法对野菊花的抑菌活性有影响,生品的醇提物优于蒸制品。     

Antibacterial action of some saturated and unsaturated long-chain carboxylic acids and their bis(2-chloroethyl)aminoethyl esters in vitro

Using the method of twofold serial dilution of substances in liquid nutrient medium with subsequent reseeding on solid nutrient medium a comparative study has been carried out of the antibacterial action in vitro of long chain saturated (C10-C18) and unsaturated (C11-C22) carboxylic acids and their bis(2-chloroethyl)aminoethyl esters against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae tp 16 Koph, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus 101+ and Proteus mirabilis 56. The compounds studied have an inhibitory effect upon the development of the microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranges from 1.8 to 19.3 mumol/ml. There exists a linear correlation between the length of the carbon chain (the number of C atoms) of the compounds and the minimum inhibitory concentration in the following cases: esters of saturated acids (C16-C24) and unsaturated acids (C11-C22) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; unsaturated acids (C11-C22) against Klebsiella pneumoniae tp 16 Koph; esters of unsaturated acids (C17-C28) against Staphylococcus aureus 101+. This correlation has not been found in all other compounds against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Proteus mirabilis 56.     

三种中草药制剂对肠道致病菌体外抗菌作用的分析

目的：探讨分析三种中草药制剂对肠道致病菌体外抗菌作用。方法以连续稀释法检测三种中草药制剂（黄柏、黄连、黄芩）的最低抑菌浓度。结果三种中草药制剂对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度：黄柏为6.3 g/L,黄连为1.6 g/L,黄芩为6.3 g/L;对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度：黄柏为3.2 g/L,黄连为0.8 g/L,黄芩为1.6 g/L;对副溶血性弧菌的最低抑菌浓度：黄柏为0.8 g/L,黄连为0.8 g/L,黄芩为1.6 g/L;对沙门菌的最低抑菌浓度：黄柏为3.2 g/L,黄连为3.2 g/L,黄芩为12.5 g/L;对志贺菌的最低抑菌浓度：均为3.2 g/L。结论三种中草药制剂（黄柏、黄连、黄芩）对肠道致病菌体外抗菌作用较强。     

五倍子鞣酸的体外杀精和抑菌作用研究

目的:研究五倍子鞣酸的杀精和抑菌作用。方法:按照WHO标准方法,对20例人精液进行体外杀精试验,并观察了五倍子鞣酸对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并将其效果与壬苯醇醚-9(NR-9)作比较。结果:五倍子鞣酸与人精液作用20s最低有效杀精浓度为20mg.mL-1。鞣酸对大肠杆菌(3株)MIC为0.195～0.390mg.mL-1,MBC为0.390～0.780mg.mL-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌(2株)MIC为0.049～0.098mg.mL-1,MBC为0.195～0.390mg.mL-1。而在鞣酸MIC、MBL浓度范围内NP-9无抑菌杀菌作用。结论:五倍子鞣酸具有极强的精液蛋白凝固作用和很好的杀精抑菌效果,可望成为一种安全、有效的阴道杀精抑菌剂,值得进一步研究。     

Evaluation of the anti-herpesvirus drug combinations: virazole plus arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine and virazole plus arabinofuranosyladenine

Combinations of Virazole plus arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ara-Hx) and Virazole plus arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) were investigated in KB or BHK cells infected with types 1 or 2 herpes viruses. Combinations of Virazole and ara-Hx exhibited significant synergy as evaluated graphically (isobolograms) or by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. Optimal ratios for the combination were 1:1 to 1:10 for Virazole to ara-Hx. At these ratios, FIC indices in the range of 0.5-0.2 were commonly observed. Combinations of Virazole and ara-A were antagonistic when observed in the presence of pentostatin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor. In the absence of pentostatin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ara-A and degree of synergy with Virazole were variable.     

Anti-Salmonella activity of medicinal plants from Cameroon

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of herbal extracts derived from plants commonly prescribed by traditional practitioners for the treatment of typhoid fever. DESIGN: A cross sectional study. SETTING: Departments of Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Buea, Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Methanol extracts of plant parts commonly used in Cameroon for the treatment of typhoid fever. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Antimicrobial activity was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. RESULTS: Methanol extracts of plant parts commonly used in Cameroon for the treatment of typhoid fever were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi and S. typhimurium. The formulations used were: 1) Formulation A comprising Cymbogogon citratus leaves, Carica papaya leaves, and Zea mays silk. 2) Formulation B comprising C. papaya roots, Mangifera indica leaves, Citrus limon fruit and C. citratus leaves. 3) C. papaya leaves. 4) Emilia coccinea whole plant. 5) Comelina bengalensis leaves. 6) Telfaria occidentalis leaves. 7) Gossypium arboreum whole plant. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Generally, Formulation A elicited inhibitory activity at a lower range of 0.02 to 0.06 mg/ml. Similarly, Formulation B elicited bacterial activity at the lowest range of 0.06 to 0.25 mg/ml. C. bengalensis leaves on the other hand, showed the lowest activity with a concentration range of 0.132 to 2.0 mg/ml and 1 to 4 mg/ml in MIC and MBC assays respectively. S. paratyphi was most sensitive to the formulations (concentration range of 0.02 to 1 mg/ml in both MIC and MBC assays) while S. typhimurium was the least sensitive and concentrations of up to 4 mg/ml were required to be bactericidal. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that plant extracts with low MIC and MBC values (1 mg/ml and lower) may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.     

血根碱-黄芩苷、白屈菜红碱-黄芩苷离子对化合物体外抗菌活性和急性毒性研究

目的 对血根碱-黄芩苷、白屈菜红碱黄苓苷2个离子对化合物进行体外抗菌、急性毒性研究.方法 采用试管稀释法和琼脂平板扩散法测定血根碱-黄苓苷、白屈菜红碱-黄芩苷2个离子对化合物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并进行急性毒性试验.结果 血根碱-黄芩苷、白屈菜红碱黄芩苷2个离子对化合物的MIC和MBC与黄芩苷、血根碱和白屈菜红碱相比降低,2个离子对化合物都无明显毒性.结论 血根碱-黄芩苷、白屈菜红碱-黄芩苷离子对化合物体外抗菌活性增强,毒性减小,为新型抗菌药物的筛选奠定了基础.