髌骨脱位的治疗方案

<正>髌骨脱位是青少年常见的运动损伤,患者表现为反复的髌骨向外侧脱位,严重影响患者的日常生活和体育活动。虽然手术治疗是髌骨脱位的主要治疗方案,但是,由于髌骨脱位的致病原因很多,临床类型复杂,目前有近百种不同的手术技术用于治疗髌骨脱位。本期3篇论文围绕着髌骨脱位的临床治疗进行了深入的研究~([1-3])。其中1篇是使用内侧髌骨股骨韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建治疗复发性或初次创伤性髌骨脱位~([1]),作者改良了MPFL的技术,使用1枚TightR ope作为内固定,完成MPFL重建。另1篇是使用三联技术治     

改良髌骨半脱位的治疗方法

髌骨半脱位,临床上较常见,治疗方法较多,效果不尽人意。１９７８年始应用带状缝匠肌,游离下１／３段,其止点不切断,移至髌骨前固定,增建一个动力性髌韧带和增加股内侧肌肌力,加强髌骨向内的可变拉应力,使Ｑ角变小,恢复髌骨的动力性稳定,防止髌骨半脱位,收到满...     

髌骨脱位手术治疗15例分析

髌骨脱位是以患膝无痛性跛行,甚至易跌跤为主要临床表现的一种疾病,在儿童及青少年中较为常见。我院自1990年以来收治15例,经手术治疗收到满意效果。报告如下。临床资料本组15例,男12例,女3例,年龄8～16岁,平均12岁。左侧12侧,右侧3例,其中1例合并双侧膝外翻。本组全部采用气囊     

复发性髌骨脱位

复发性髌骨脱位并不少见,有人曾观察和比较29例双侧复发性髌骨脱位,将他们的一侧分为手术治疗组对侧列入保守治疗组。平均年龄25岁,平均随访时间14年。结果手术组在短期内可以控制髌骨再次脱位,但是,长期观察发现,手术组有较多的并发症,X线片上有骨关节炎表现,并且髌骨再次脱位的发病率比保守治疗组高。     

急性髌骨脱位的治疗问题

急性髌骨脱位是一种常见的运动损伤,约占膝关节积血的第二位病因,仅次于前交叉韧带伤[1].临床上常表现为膝痛、关节弹响、打软、复发性髌骨脱位或半脱位症以及髌骨关节炎等症状.     

复发性髌骨脱位的治疗现状

复发性髌骨脱位的主要表现是膝关节周围广泛的疼痛、肿胀和反复的髌骨向外侧脱位。其发病的主因是患者存在膝关节解剖结构异常,如Q角增加、髌骨高位、股骨外髁发育不良、髌骨形态异常、股直肌内侧头萎缩或股直肌外侧头肥大等。本文综述45篇文献,总结了其手术治疗方法。目前复发性髌骨脱位的治疗方法有很多种,大致包括五类:外侧松解、伸膝装置近端重排、伸膝装置远端重排、伸膝装置远、近端联合手术及髌骨切除和股四头肌成形修补术。其中远端重排手术效果最佳,目前尚无一种方法能成功地用于矫正复发性髌骨脱位。     

手术治疗儿童习惯性髌骨脱位

习惯性髌骨脱位是髌股关节不稳定中表现形式最严重的一种,是由多种复杂病因所致的一种发育性畸形,好发于儿童。1998年8月-2005年10月,我科采取综合软组织手术治疗14例儿童习惯性髌骨脱位,疗效满意。     

关节镜辅助治疗创伤性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨关节镜辅助治疗创伤性髌骨脱位方法和疗效.[方法]2001年1月～2008年7月收治创伤性髌骨脱位25例,男18例,女7例.左膝9例,右膝16例,平均年龄(20.7±4.6)岁.病人人选条件:所有病人均有明确膝关节暴力外伤史,排除关节松弛和髌股关节发育异常.初次急性脱佗13例,以前有脱位史近期再脱位者12例.先行关节镜检查并清理关节腔内积血和处理关节丽受伤后,拇指推髌骨外缘向内,若髌骨复位无明显障碍,只做髌内侧支持带修复术;若外侧支持带紧张影响复位,则先行髌骨外侧支持带松解后再修复内侧支持带.[结果]25例病人获得随访,术后随访9～96个月,平均26.7个月.全部病例未再次发生脱位,恐惧试验全部阴性.关节活动度均在正常范围,4例关节过屈时有轻度紧张感,随访病人均恢复创伤前的生活状态.以Lysholm临床评分系统对膝关节功能进行评估,由术前平均46.5分改善为术后平均评分93.5分(80～100分)(P<0.01).摄X线片及MRI复查,髌股关节关系正常,原关节面损伤区无扩大或进一步退变.[结论]初次创伤性髌骨脱位,若无发育异常,并不一定需要行外侧支持带松解,仪修复内侧支持带结构就可恢复髌骨的位置,对初次脱位和多次脱位病例采取不同的内侧支持带结构修复方法,可以进一步减小创伤又不影响疗效.     

髌腱内移和髌内侧筋膜肌肉瓣外移治疗先天性髌骨脱位

目的评价髌腱内移和髌内侧筋膜肌肉瓣外移术治疗先天性髌骨脱位的效果。方法自1994年6月～1998年6月,采用髌腱内移和内侧筋膜肌肉瓣外移的方法治疗先天性髌骨脱位5例,男2例,女3例,平均年龄7岁(4～10岁)。4例为单侧髌骨脱位,1例为双侧(只治疗一侧),均未合并其它畸形。结果术后随访1.5～5年,平均3年,无手术并发症,无术后再脱位和半脱位。4例膝关节能完全伸直,1例差10°;2例膝外翻消失;1例10岁女童术后出现髌骨低位,但膝外翻消失、功能正常且伸膝有力。结论先天性髌骨脱位是一种持续、不可复性脱位,需手术治疗。髌内侧筋膜肌肉瓣外移和髌腱内移术操作简单,损伤较小,并发症少,效果优良,是一种值得推荐的手术方法。     

关节镜下髌骨支持带调整术联合Fulkerson截骨治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨联合应用关节镜下髌骨支持带调整术和Fulkerson截骨术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的效果。方法对35例复发性髌骨脱位的患者,在关节镜下进行髌骨支持带调整术,包括内侧支持带紧缩术和外侧支持带松解术,同时进行Fulkerson胫骨结节内移抬高术。术前脱位次数3～16次,平均6次;初次脱位机制均为外伤。术后通过平均25个月(13～37个月)的随访,了解膝关节脱位复发、患膝主观症状以及患肢整体功能康复情况。结果最后随访时,髌骨脱位无复发。8例仍有膝关节前侧疼痛,但疼痛均较术前有所减轻。手术前后IKDC膝关节功能主观评分分别为(37.4±4.9)分和(92.1±5.3)分(P<0.01),Lysholm膝关节功能评分分别为(43.0±6.3)分和(93.2±6.1)分(P<0.01)。所有患者运动能力均较术前有所改善。初次脱位前和术后Tegner运动水平评分分别为(6.9±1.1)分和(7.0±0.9)分。术后X线检查对比发现,髌骨-股骨滑车适配角从术前的27.7°±7.9°改善为1.4°±8.1°(P<0.01),髌骨外侧面张开角从术前的-1.1°±7.4°改善为术后的11.8°±4.9°(P<0.01)。结论关节镜下进行髌骨内侧支持带紧缩和外侧支持带松解,创伤小;结合Fulkerson胫骨结节内移抬高术能够有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,防止复发,并有利于缓解症状,恢复膝关节功能。     

重症急性胰腺炎治疗方案的探索

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎的治疗原则和方法。方法 对不同阶段治疗急性胰腺炎的原则和方法进行了回顾性对比分析,将１８年的治疗大致分为３个阶段。第Ⅰ阶段（１９８０年～１９９０年）以早期手术治疗为主,中西医结合治疗为辅;第Ⅱ阶段（１９９１年～１９９３年）在中西医结合治疗的基础上,强调早期并发症的中转手术治疗;第Ⅲ阶段（１９９４年～１９９７年）以中西医结合的治疗为主,手术主要针对病程后期的局部感染并发症的治     

Surgical treatment of habitual dislocation of the patella in childhood

Surgical Principles Medial displacement of the medial half or the medial two thirds of the patellar ligament on the proximal tibia; the detached ligament is anchored to a chiselled trough in the bone with a cancellous bone screw and serrated washer. Division of the fibres of the tractus iliotibialis leading into the patella and of the lateral extensor retinaculum up to the vastus medialis (so-called “lateral release”). Transfer of the vastus medialis in lateral and distal direction by approximately 1 to 1.5 cm onto the patella. Double breasting of the medial extensor retinaculum. First published in: Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 1 (1989), 94–99 (German Edition).     

肘部骨折脱位的治疗进展

<正>与发达国家相比我国的肘关节外科起步相对较晚,主要的临床研究仍集中在骨折脱位和肘部僵硬的治疗上[1-5]。但由于病例较     

桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的治疗

目的　介绍桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的治疗方法及效果。方法　对 6例桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位 ,采用尺骨节段截除术 (3cm以下 ) ,恢复尺桡骨的相对长度使下尺桡关节复位。结果　 6例手术后桡、尺骨愈合时间为 10～ 17周 ,下尺桡关节均得到正确复位。术后随访 1～ 2年 ,前臂旋前 5 9.5°± 3.9°(x± sx,下同 ) ,旋后 79.5°± 3.9°。按 TAM评定标准评定 ,腕关节活动度优 2例 ,良 3例 ,中 1例。结论　尺骨节段截除是治疗桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的有效方法     

Congenital dislocation of the patella

Purpose Congenital dislocation of the patella is permanent and manually irreducible, and it manifests immediately after birth with flexion contracture of the knee, genu valgus, external tibial torsion and foot deformity. We retrospectively reviewed the results of operative treatment of seven knees in six patients with congenital dislocation of the patella. Methods The age of the six patients at diagnosis ranged from 8 days to 3.6 years, with an average of 1.3 years, and their age at the time of operation ranged from 0.6 to 3.9 years, with an average of 2.1 years. Serial casting and/or a brace was attempted before surgery in five of seven knees, leading to improvement in the flexion contracture of the knee. All knees were treated operatively in combination with lateral release, medial plication, V-Y lengthening of the quadriceps, medial transfer of the lateral patellar tendon and posterior release of the knee. Results Although these deformities were noticed at birth in all seven knees, diagnosis was delayed in three knees due to the low suspicion of the disease and invisible patellae on radiographs. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis of dislocation. The patella was centered in the groove of the femoral condyle after surgery in all knees, but subluxation of the knee with flexion was observed in one knee in which the operation was performed at 3.9 years. Genu valgus and external tibial torsion improved after surgery in all knees. The operated knee was mobile in all cases, with less than 10° flexion contracture of the knee. Flexion contracture did not increase in any of the knees. Conclusion Congenital dislocation of the patella should be suspected in every patient with knee flexion contracture, genu valgus, external tibial torsion, foot deformity and delayed walking. Successful results were obtained when the operation was performed in younger children. Other procedures, such as the semitendinosus tenodesis or tendon transfer, might have to be combined to achieve better stability with flexion in older children. None of the authors received financial support for this study.     

Habitual dislocation of patella: A review

Habitual dislocation of patella is a condition where the patella dislocates whenever the knee is flexed and spontaneously relocates with extension of the knee.It is also termed as obligatory dislocation as the patella dislocates completely with each flexion and extension cycle of the knee and the patient has no control over the patella dislocating as he or she moves the knee¹. It usually presents after the child starts to walk, and is often well tolerated in children, if it is not painful. However it may present in childhood with dysfunction and instability. Very little literature is available on habitual dislocation of patella as most of the studies have combined cases of recurrent dislocation with habitual dislocation. Many different surgical techniques have been described in the literature for the treatment of habitual dislocation of patella. No single procedure is fully effective in the surgical treatment of habitual dislocation of patella and a combination of procedures is recommended.