闭合手法复位克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折26例分析

<正>肱骨髁上骨折系指肱骨远端内外髁上方的骨折,多因间接暴力所致,肱骨髁上骨折为儿童常见的肘部损伤,占肘部骨折首位,其中伸直型骨折最多[1]。儿童肱骨髁上骨折处理不当容易引起缺血性肌挛缩,肘内翻畸形。儿童肱骨髁上骨折手术切开复位内固定,其后果易并发肘关节粘连或骨化性肌炎,给患儿遗留终身肘关节功能障碍。2006年1月至2007年6月应用在C形臂X线机下手法复位,经皮于肱骨内外髁上打入2枚克氏针交叉固定技术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,报告如下。     

肘横纹小切口复位治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折

目的 探讨肘横纹小切口复位治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效.方法 对30例儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折采用肘横纹小切口复位内外髁交叉克氏针内固定治疗.记录肘关节活动度及并发症发生情况.采用Flynn肘关节功能评分标准评价疗效.结果 患儿均获得随访,时间3～18个月.骨折均达骨性愈合,时间3～6...     

克氏针交叉固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折126例

肱骨髁上骨折在儿童中常见,是伸直、屈曲或者直接的肘部高能量损伤。伸直型骨折发生的机制是跌倒时患肢在伸直位,该类型骨折只有在屈曲位才能稳定,并可合并髁间骨折或关节内骨折;屈曲型骨折发生的机制是跌倒时肘关节处于屈曲位,该类型骨折在伸直位比较稳定.     

闭合复位桡侧平行克氏针固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨闭合复位桡侧平行克氏针固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2015年5月至2019年10月,采用闭合复位桡侧平行克氏针固定法治疗72例GartlandⅢ型儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患儿,其中男52例,女20例;年龄3～10(5.4±1.3)岁;GartlandⅢA型39例,GartlandⅢB型33例。观察患儿的手术时间、骨折临床愈合时间及功能锻炼时间,并采用Flynn肘关节评定标准进行临床疗效评价。结果:72例患儿均获得随访,时间2～6(3.5±1.4)个月。手术时间25～90(37.8±10.4) min,骨折临床愈合时间28～45(38.8±9.4) d,功能锻炼时间22～60(36.9±11.2) d。术后未出现肘内外翻畸形、医源性神经血管损伤、复位丢失、骨筋膜室综合征、感染等并发症。采用Flynn肘关节评定标准评估疗效:优60例,良10例,可2例。结论:采用闭合复位桡侧平行克氏针固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折具有微创治疗,固定可靠,手术时间短,内固定物取出简单,并发症少等优势。     

闭合复位克氏针内固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨闭合复位内外侧3针交叉固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对195例GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折患者行闭合复位后,C臂机监视下先在肱骨髁外侧用2枚克氏针平行或交叉固定,再伸直肘关节到50°,保护尺神经下用1枚克氏针在内侧交叉固定,术后长臂石膏托固定于肘关节伸直70°制动3周。结果 195例均获随访,时间5~35个月。出现医源性尺神经损伤2例,肘内翻畸形需截骨矫形1例,肘部前侧局限性骨化4例。按Flynn标准评定疗效:优180例,良8例,一般6例,差1例,优良率为96.4%。结论闭合复位内外侧3针交叉固定治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折可有效减少医源性尺神经损伤,降低肘内翻畸形发生率,疗效满意。     

两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2006年12月应用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折117例,按克氏针固定方式分组：两针组45例,男31例,女14例;年龄1～11岁,平均5.6岁;Garland Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型26例。三针组72例,男47例,女25例;年龄2～12岁,平均6.8岁;Garland Ⅱ型22例,Ⅲ型50例。术后测量肘关节屈伸范围及提携角,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准及术后并发症情况,分析两种克氏针内固定方式的疗效。结果：所有患儿均获随访,时间2～24个月,平均15.4个月。两针组45例：优27例,良12例,可4例,差2例,41例术后6周均获得骨性愈合,4例术后1周骨折端移位,固定失败,肘内翻畸形2例。三针组72例：优60例,良11例,差1例,所有患儿术后6周均获得骨性愈合,屈伸活动度经功能锻炼后基本恢复正常,肘内翻畸形1例。结论：克氏针固定是一种稳定而可靠的治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折方法,内外髁三针交叉固定较单纯外髁两针固定有更大的优点。     

克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折不同进针方式的比较

目的 通过克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折两种进针方式的疗效比较,探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折内固定方式的选择.方法 在2004年1月至2009年1月收治的肱骨髁上骨折患儿中,选择骨折类型相似,而克氏针进针方式不同(内外交叉固定及外侧平行克氏针固定)两组共64例患儿.按照Gartland分型,内、外交叉克氏针固定组(交叉固定组)38例,其中Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型17例;外侧平行克氏针固定组(外侧进针组)26例,Ⅱ型18例,Ⅲ型8例.并对两组术后功能优良率进行统计学比较.结果 64例患儿术后获得6～54个月(平均26个月)的随访.两组关节功能优良率分别为92.1%和84.6%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但交叉固定组术后出现4例尺神经损伤,外侧进针组则无此情况发生.结论 采用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,内外交叉和外侧平行进针固定效果相似,但外侧进针操作更简单,且可避免医源性尺神经损伤,是治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的一种有效方式.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes of techniques of K-wire fixation for treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children and provide guidelines for selection of internal fixation methods for humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Sixty-four cases d humeral supracondlylar fractures in children were treated by K-wire internal fixation from January 2004 to January 2009.They were divided into 2 groups, with similar fracure types distributed to each group.Group one (crisscross K-wire fixation) contained 38 cases among which 21 were Gartlad Ⅱ fractures and 17 were Gartland Ⅲ fractures.Group two (lateral parallel K-wire fixation) cases contained 26 cases among which 18 cases were Gartland Ⅱ fractures and 8 cases were Garland Ⅲ fractures.Postoperative elbow functions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis of the excellent-good rate was carried out.Results Postoperatively all 64 patients were follow-up for 6 to 54 moths (average 26 months).The excellent-good rate of elbow fiuctions in group one and two was 92.1% and 84.6%, respectively.There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the two fixation methods (P＞ 0.05).However ulnar nerve injury occurred in 4 cases of the crisscross K-wire insertion group, while none occurred in the lateral parallel K-wire insertion group.Conclusion Crisscross and lateral parallel K-wire fixation have similar clinical outcomes in treating humeral supracondylar fiactures in children.Lateral parallel K-wire fixation technique is simpler and can avoid the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.It therefore is an effective method to treat Gartland Ⅱ and Ⅲ supracondylar humerus fractures.     

闭合复位克氏针固定治疗Gartland Ⅱ、Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨闭合复位克氏针内固定治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对30例GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折(伸直型)患儿采用闭合复位经皮克氏针交叉固定(内髁1枚,外髁2枚)治疗。术后石膏托外固定3～4周,4～6周去除克氏针,指导患儿功能锻炼。结果手术时间19～72 min,透视次数11～32次,住院时间2～6 d。患儿均获得随访,时间3～6个月。未出现因内固定松动而失败的病例。术后3个月采用Flynn肘关节功能评分标准评定疗效:优27例,良2例,可1例。术后未出现骨筋膜室综合征及Volkmann缺血性肌挛缩、肘内翻畸形。1例术前正中神经损伤,术后2个月逐渐恢复; 2例术前合并肱动脉损伤,术后血运均良好,其中1例出现Pink hand。结论急诊闭合复位3枚克氏针交叉内固定治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折损伤小、固定牢固、愈合快、并发症少,患儿关节功能恢复良好。     

克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折不同进针方式的比较

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes of techniques of K-wire fixation for treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children and provide guidelines for selection of internal fixation methods for humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Sixty-four cases d humeral supracondlylar fractures in children were treated by K-wire internal fixation from January 2004 to January 2009.They were divided into 2 groups, with similar fracure types distributed to each group.Group one (crisscross K-wire fixation) contained 38 cases among which 21 were Gartlad Ⅱ fractures and 17 were Gartland Ⅲ fractures.Group two (lateral parallel K-wire fixation) cases contained 26 cases among which 18 cases were Gartland Ⅱ fractures and 8 cases were Garland Ⅲ fractures.Postoperative elbow functions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis of the excellent-good rate was carried out.Results Postoperatively all 64 patients were follow-up for 6 to 54 moths (average 26 months).The excellent-good rate of elbow fiuctions in group one and two was 92.1% and 84.6%, respectively.There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the two fixation methods (P＞ 0.05).However ulnar nerve injury occurred in 4 cases of the crisscross K-wire insertion group, while none occurred in the lateral parallel K-wire insertion group.Conclusion Crisscross and lateral parallel K-wire fixation have similar clinical outcomes in treating humeral supracondylar fiactures in children.Lateral parallel K-wire fixation technique is simpler and can avoid the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.It therefore is an effective method to treat Gartland Ⅱ and Ⅲ supracondylar humerus fractures.     

克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折不同进针方式的比较

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes of techniques of K-wire fixation for treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children and provide guidelines for selection of internal fixation methods for humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Sixty-four cases d humeral supracondlylar fractures in children were treated by K-wire internal fixation from January 2004 to January 2009.They were divided into 2 groups, with similar fracure types distributed to each group.Group one (crisscross K-wire fixation) contained 38 cases among which 21 were Gartlad Ⅱ fractures and 17 were Gartland Ⅲ fractures.Group two (lateral parallel K-wire fixation) cases contained 26 cases among which 18 cases were Gartland Ⅱ fractures and 8 cases were Garland Ⅲ fractures.Postoperative elbow functions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis of the excellent-good rate was carried out.Results Postoperatively all 64 patients were follow-up for 6 to 54 moths (average 26 months).The excellent-good rate of elbow fiuctions in group one and two was 92.1% and 84.6%, respectively.There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the two fixation methods (P＞ 0.05).However ulnar nerve injury occurred in 4 cases of the crisscross K-wire insertion group, while none occurred in the lateral parallel K-wire insertion group.Conclusion Crisscross and lateral parallel K-wire fixation have similar clinical outcomes in treating humeral supracondylar fiactures in children.Lateral parallel K-wire fixation technique is simpler and can avoid the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.It therefore is an effective method to treat Gartland Ⅱ and Ⅲ supracondylar humerus fractures.     

闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的：探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法及闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法采用手法复位闭合穿针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折34例,骨折类型全部为闭合性伸直型损伤。结果34例均获随访,时间3周-到2年,平均10个月,预后优：30例;良：2例;可：2例,优良率94%。结论闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,损伤小,克氏针固定有一定强度,关节功能恢复好,是治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折的有效方法。     

闭合复位,经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童完全移位的肱骨髁上骨折

目的 评价闭合复位、经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童完全移位的肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法从１９９７年２月～１９９８年７月在“Ｃ”型臂Ｘ线机透视下,采用闭合复位、经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童完全移位的肱骨髁上骨折共４３例。患儿的平均年龄为６岁７个月（２－１２．８岁）。伸直尺偏型２７例,伸直桡偏型１４例,屈曲型２例。在臂丛麻醉和“Ｃ”型臂Ｘ线机透视下,先行闭合整复骨折,然后经皮穿入两枚交叉克氏针固定。结果 本组４２     

闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗儿童不稳定肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨C臂X线机透视下闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗不稳定儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法C臂X线机透视下闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗儿童不稳定肱骨髁上骨折35例。结果35例均获随访,时间7～13个月。术后无缺血性挛缩,3例出现针孔渗出较多,经加强换药后痊愈。无一例出现肘内翻、尺神经损伤。按Flynn标准评价：优20例,良15例,无一般及差病例。结论C臂X线机透视下闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗儿童不稳定肱骨髁上骨折手术创伤小,固定可靠,可以获得良好的肘关节功能和外形。     

急诊闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗Gartland Ⅱ-Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨急诊闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗Gartland Ⅱ-Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效及相关危险因素分析。方法:回顾分析2008年1月至2013年6月急诊行闭合复位经皮克氏针交叉固定治疗112例Gartland Ⅱ-Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床资料。其中男72例,女40例;年龄2～11岁,平均6.2岁;Gartland Ⅱ型骨折74例,Ⅲ 型38例;受伤至手术时间2.5～8 h,平均4.6 h.术后伸肘100°石膏固定4～6周后拆除石膏、拔除克氏针,行功能锻炼。结果:112例术后获得随访,时间6～60个月,平均12个月。所有骨折达到骨性愈合,术后末次随访按Flynn肘关节功能评价,优86例,良23例,一般3例,优良率97.3%.3例发生轻度肘内翻畸形,无须矫形处理。无针道感染、医源性尺神经损伤、骨筋膜室综合征及Volkmann缺血性挛缩等并发症发生。结论:闭合复位经皮克氏针固定具有维持复位确切、固定牢靠、并发症少、急诊手术患儿痛苦少、闭合复位成功率高等优点,是治疗移位型儿童肱骨髁上骨折安全、有效的方法。     

闭合手法复位钢针内固定治疗少儿肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨少儿各种移位的肱骨髁上骨折行闭合手法复位后钢针三维内固定治疗的效果。方法对1 200例有移位肱骨髁上骨折患儿均采用闭合手法复位后钢针三维内固定。结果疗效依据Flynn疗效标准评价:优秀1 090例(90.83%),良好80例(6.67%),可18例(1.5%),差12例(1%),优良率为97.5%。结论闭合手法复位后钢针三维内固定治疗少儿各种移位的肱骨髁上骨折,可使骨折复位,愈合良好,功能恢复满意,并能有效预防肘部畸形的发生。     

闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针固定术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果研究

目的 探讨闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针固定术对儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2018-01—2021-06南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院收治的117例GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料。按治疗方法分为闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针固定组(闭合组,61例)和肘外侧切开复位克氏针张力带固定组(开放组,56例)。比较2组患儿的基线资料、手术时间,以及术后并发症发生率、住院时间、骨折愈合时间。术后6个月时采用Flynn标准评价患儿的肘关节功能。结果 2组患儿的基线资料、术后并发症发生率,以及术后6个月时的肘关节功能优良率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但闭合组患儿的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均短于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针固定术与肘外侧切开复位克氏针张力带固定术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,均有良好的效果。但闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针固定术的创伤小,患儿术后恢复快,更利于促进骨折愈合。     

闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨采用闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法自2002年1月至2008年6月应用C型臂X线机透视下闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折53例,骨折分型:GartlandⅡ型31例,Gart-landⅢ型22例。其中闭合性骨折48例,开放性骨折5例。合并神经损伤9例,其中桡神经损伤3例,正中神经损伤4例,尺神经损伤2例,术前检查均为不完全损伤。结果53例均获得随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均11个月。所有骨折均于术后4~6周愈合,平均愈合时间4.5周,未发生骨折延迟愈合。未出现内固定物松动、脱出和骨折再移位,无发生Volkmann挛缩、针眼或深部感染、骨化性肌炎等并发症。合并不完全神经损伤的9例,经对症治疗全部恢复。按疗效标准评定,结果优36例,良12例,可3例,差2例,优良率90.6%。结论闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,手术损伤小,不切开组织,减少了对骨周围组织的损伤,使骨折易于愈合,又减少患者痛苦及感染机会,而且可预防Volkmann挛缩和肘内翻的发生,是目前治疗儿童移位型肱骨髁上骨折较好的治疗方法。     

闭合复位交叉螺纹针内固定治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交叉螺纹针内固定治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对32例儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折行闭合复位交叉螺纹针内固定术。结果术后所有患者无神经、血管损伤。平均随访15个月,肘内翻1例,根据Mayo肘关节功能评定:优30例,良2例。结论闭合复位交叉螺纹针固定术后不需要石膏外固定,手术创伤小,并发症少,是目前治疗GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折较为理想的手术方法。     

克氏针加桡侧钢丝内固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折

我们自1992年3月至1998年3月采用克氏针加桡侧钢丝内固定治疗手法复位失败的儿童肱骨髁上骨折68例,经1～6年,平均3年6个月的随访,发现该固定方法能较大限度地控制肘内翻的发生.现总结报告如下. 1 临床资料 68例中,男42例,女26例;年龄最小者3岁,最大者12岁,平均7.8岁;左侧43例,右侧25例;伸直尺偏型56例,伸直桡偏型9例,屈曲型3例;伴桡神经损伤者2例.68例均为闭合性骨折,均经反复手法复位,失败后才采取手术治疗.离手术时间最短者8天,最长者23天,平均12天.