洋快餐引起的蜡样芽孢杆菌食物中毒

本文报道一起由蜡样芽孢杆菌污染食物引起2人食物中毒的事件。根据流行病学调查,临床症状,实验室检验结果,确认该起食物中毒是由外带洋快餐受蜡样芽胞杆菌污染所致。     

一起蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的食物中毒调查分析

目的通过流行病学调查和实验室检验结果分析本次食物中毒原因,为今后预防类似突发公共卫生事件的发生提供科学依据。方法对采集的样品(剩余食物、呕吐物等)参照食品安全国家标准《食品卫生微生物学检验》(GB/T4789.14-2003)和《食品卫生微生物学检验》(GB4789.10-2010)进行志贺氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等检验及依据《2011年食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行检验;从业人员手样、患儿粪便、炊具样品的检验方法依照《消毒技术规范》进行检验。结果从患者的17份粪便样品中,未检出沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;患者的1份血样中,未检出蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;从患者的47份剩余食物、呕吐物、炊具、从业人员手的样品中,均检出了蜡样芽孢杆菌,其余菌未检出。结论本次食物中毒是由于食品保存不当、食品加工操作环节控制不严所造成的蜡样芽孢杆菌污染引起的。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌溶血性肠毒素的提取及生物学活性分析

蜡样芽胞杆菌是国内引起细菌性食物中毒的常见细菌之一, 提取其溶血性肠毒素有助于阐明它的发病机理,有可能制备诊断试剂, 从而达到预防和控制蜡样芽胞杆菌食物中毒的目的。从国内引起食物中毒的１００ 株蜡样芽胞杆菌中,选出试验用菌株。从培养后的上清液中, 经过盐析、离子交换柱层析、制备性凝胶电泳提取蜡样芽胞杆菌溶血素。溶血素由 Ｂ、 Ｌ１ 和 Ｌ２ ３ 种成份组成, 分子量分别为３５ 、３６ 和４５ｋ Ｄａ ３ 种成份的协同作用在血琼脂上引起靶状溶血, 使兔皮肤血管通透性增加, 兔小肠肠段结扎产生积液反应, Ｖｅｒｏ 细胞形态学改变。提示蜡样芽胞杆菌溶血素具有肠毒素的性质, 试验也证实所提取的溶血素有免疫原性和免疫反应性     

一起感染性腹泻病例的调查

目的了解2018年新疆石河子市一起感染性腹泻病例的起因,同时提出防控建议并采取措施,为以后防止发生类似事件提供参考。方法采用现场流行病学方法调查腹泻病人,询问发病的起因和全过程;无菌操作采集餐馆使用的厨具和案板、厨师和服务人员的手、可疑食物标本进行实验室检测。结果 4名病人在同一时间、同一餐馆共同用餐,吃同样食物,发病后临床表现基本相同,是典型的食物中毒;现场无菌操作采集可疑食物和物品,实验室检出大量的蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌,显示食物受到严重的污染。结论该事件是一起食用被蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌污染而引起的食物中毒;相关部门应加强食品采购、加工、储存等管理,保持室内环境卫生并消除污染源,防止食品受到污染。     

甘肃省居民米面及节令食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染现状调查分析

目的了解甘肃省居民米面及节令食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况,为食品安全性风险监测提供依据。方法按《全国食源性致病菌监测网工作手册》中蜡样芽孢杆菌检验标准操作程序操作。结果 2009~2011年甘肃省地方特色米面食品和节令食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率分别为3.33%、15.65%、7.68%,总检出率为8.26%;地方特色米面食品蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率为13.03%,显著高于节令食品的2.20%;第一、四季度蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率显著高于第二、三季度。结论甘肃省地方特色米面食品蜡样芽孢杆菌污染较为严重,提示甘肃省食品监管部门对此类食品应加强监督管理;今后应加强对蜡样芽胞杆菌在食物中的含菌量及产毒状况的监测研究。     

眼源性蜡样芽孢杆菌vrrA基因型及其与病情和预后关系

目的建立PCR检测眼源性蜡样芽孢杆菌,了解不同vrrA基因型蜡样芽孢杆菌感染与临床病情和预后关系。方法选择vrrA为靶基因设计引物,建立检测蜡样芽胞杆菌PCR。PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测并进行序列测定。采用Clustal 软件对获得的vrrA基因序列进行分型。对不同vrrA基因型蜡样芽胞杆菌感染与眼内炎患者病情严重程度及转归分析与比较。结果所建立的PCR可有效检测眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌并有较高的敏感性和特异性。5株分离自眼内炎患者标本中的蜡样芽胞杆菌可分为MT1、MT2、MT3三种vrrA基因型,其中MT1、MT2型各2株,MT3型1株。MT1和MT2型蜡样芽胞杆菌感染性眼内炎病情重、预后差,MT3型蜡样芽胞杆菌感染性眼内炎病情较轻、预后较好。结论vrrA基因为靶基因的PCR可用于眼源性蜡样芽孢杆菌快速检测。不同蜡样芽孢杆菌vrrA基因型感染所致的眼内炎病情严重程度及转归有明显差异。     

楚雄市1起蜡样芽胞杆菌食物中毒调查报告

目的通过流行病学调查和实验室检测探讨1起食物中毒的流行因素及病原学。方法按照流行病学现场调查方法和实验室细菌学鉴定方法。结果共有18人进餐,10人出现食物中毒症状,罹患率为55.56%,采集到剩余米饭、腌卤腐及腌豆豉样品各1份,中毒者呕吐物2份,患者呕吐物及米饭中均检出蜡样芽胞杆菌。结论该起食物中毒为蜡样芽胞杆菌污染食品所致。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌引起食物中毒19例

蜡样芽胞杆菌引起食物中毒１９例于兆婉，韩伟，陶金祥我院于１９９３年３月２８日收治了一批以头晕，恶心呕吐为主要症状，伴有发热，经临床诊断食物中毒的病人。现报告如下。１，一般概况某部队位于沈阳市中心，于１９９３年３月２８日１５时３０分开饭，同时就餐４４人...     

蜡样芽胞杆菌引起食物中毒两起调查报告

1975年7月和1978年6月,我市发生两起由蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的食物中毒。第一起发生在某轮船上,食用“霉菌”大米饭(大米饭煮熟后等温度降到30℃左右,放入发酵粉,经1～2天发酵后食用)。食后1～2     

抗生素在感染性腹泻治疗中的应用

导致人类感染性腹泻的病原菌大约有20～30种,其中以志贺菌属和各种致病性大肠埃希菌为最主要的病原菌,沙门菌属、副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌等引起的细菌性食物中毒也时常发生,尤其是在发展中国家,此外,霍乱弧菌的暴发流行在世界范围内仍时有发生.虽然对各种感染性腹泻的治疗随着补液疗法和整体医疗水平的提高有了很大进步,但随着临床上抗生素的滥用,加速了肠道病原菌耐药性的产生,给临床治疗带来困难.因此,了解抗生素在感染性腹泻中的合理使用已迫在眉睫.     

甘南州食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的了解甘肃省甘南州食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,确定可能污染致病高危食品,发现食品的安全隐患,为食品安全监管提供科学依据。方法按《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》和中华人民共和国国家标准《食品卫生微生物学检验》（GB/T4789-2003）规定的程序和方法检测、分离致病菌。结果 2010─2012年共检测1 024份样品,检出食源性致病菌104株,总检出率10.16%;蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率最高21.69%,各类食品中餐饮食品污染最为严重,阳性率17.55%,街头食品中检出率最高21.43%,第三季度食品中食源性致病菌检出率最高13.43%。结论甘肃省甘南州存在多种食品安全隐患,食品安全执法部门应重点监督那些致病高危食品,减少食源性致病菌的发生。     

Fatal outcome of Bacillus cereus septicaemia

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous environmental micro-organism which is often a contaminant of clinical cultures. Infections due to B. cereus are described, but mostly in immunocompromised patients. We report a fatal outcome of B. cereus septicaemia in an immunocompetent patient with a mechanical mitral valve.     

Bacillus cereus endocarditis: report of a case and review.

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous organism that infrequently causes serious infections. We report a patient with B. cereus endocarditis involving a mechanical aortic valve. Data for 10 cases of B. cereus endocarditis reported in the literature are summarized. B. cereus is resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, a finding that has clinical significance for empirical antibiotic selection in patients with suspected endocarditis. Infection in patients with valvular heart disease in the few cases reported is associated with significant mortality and morbidity.     

Fatal Bacillus cereus sepsis following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis during the treatment of acute leukemia

Bacillus cereus is increasingly being acknowledged as a serious bacterial pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. We report a case of fatal B. cereus sepsis in a patient with newly diagnosed acute leukemia following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis. Gastrointestinal complaints are common during induction chemotherapy, yet some antimicrobial coverage suitable for generalized neutropenia is not optimal for the eradication of B. cereus. This case demonstrates that, in the neutropenic patient with gastrointestinal complaints or in the setting of resolving neutropenic enterocolitis, it is important to anticipate possible B. cereus infection and sepsis.     

Recurrent bacteraemia by 2 different Bacillus cereus strains related to 2 distinct central venous catheters

A 14-y-old girl with osteosarcoma developed 3 episodes of catheter-related bacteraemia by Bacillus cereus. After removal of the first and insertion of a second Hickman catheter, further episodes of B. cereus bacteraemia occurred. PFGE analysis revealed that bacteraemic episodes related to each catheter were caused by a distinct B. cereus strain.     

Successful non-surgical treatment of brain abscess and necrotizing fasciitis caused by Bacillus cereus

Musculoskeletal and central nervous system infections caused by Bacillus cereus are very rare. Only a few cases have been reported, whose clinical courses strongly suggested that surgical procedures combined with appropriate antimicrobial therapy are necessary to cure these infections. A 60-year-old man with severe neutropenia due to myelodysplastic syndrome, developing necrotizing fasciitis and brain abscess caused by Bacillus cereus is reported. Without performing any surgical procedures, the patient was successfully treated with systemic antimicrobial therapy combined with granulocyte colony stimulating factor, which contributed to the increase in the neutrophil count.     

Bacillus cereus meningitis in two neuro surgical patients: An investigation into the source of the organism

Two patients developed Bacillus cereus meningitis following neurosurgery. During the subsequent investigation into the source of the organism, linen was discovered to be heavily contaminated with B. cereus. No other prolific source of the organism was found. It seems probable that lint from contaminated fabric was the vehicle of transmission of the organism during extended surgery. Linen should be considered as a possible source of B. cereus infection.