共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
William R. Doucette Julia J. Rippe Caroline A. Gaither David H. Kreling David A. Mott Jon C. Schommer 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(1):72-76.e1
Objectives
To describe services provided by community pharmacies and to identify factors associated with services being provided in community pharmacies.Design
Cross-sectional national mail survey.Setting and participants
Pharmacists actively practicing in community pharmacies (independent, chain, mass merchandisers, and supermarkets).Outcome measures
Frequency and type of pharmacy services available in a community pharmacy, including medication therapy management, immunization, adjusting medication therapy, medication reconciliation, disease state management, health screening or coaching, complex nonsterile compounding, and point-of-care testing.Results
With a 48.4% response rate, the survey showed that community pharmacies offered on average 3 of the 8 services studied. Pharmacy chains and supermarket pharmacies reported providing significantly more services than did mass merchandise pharmacies. The number of pharmacy services provided was positively associated with involvement in an interprofessional care team, innovativeness, and perceived workload. The number of pharmacy services was negatively correlated with having 3.5 or more pharmacy technicians on duty.Conclusion
Pharmacy chains and supermarkets are providing the most pharmacy services among community pharmacy settings. The number of services provided was associated with innovativeness, technician staffing, and perceived workload. Also, involvement with an interprofessional care team supported greater service delivery. Community pharmacies vary in their provision of services beyond dispensing. 相似文献4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Karen Suchanek Hudmon Robin L. Corelli Carl de Moor Alan J. Zillich Christine Fenlon Lyndsay Miles Alexander V. Prokhorov Susan M. Zbikowski 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(4):387-394
Objectives
To evaluate the long-term impact of 2 promising intervention approaches to engage pharmacy personnel (pharmacists, technicians) in referring patients who want to quit smoking to the tobacco quitline.Design
Randomized trial.Setting
Community pharmacies in Connecticut (n = 32) and Washington (n = 32).Intervention
Two intervention approaches were evaluated: academic detailing (AD), which involved on-site training for pharmacy staff about the quitline, versus mailed quitline materials (MM).Main outcome measures
Changes in the overall percentage of quitline registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from any pharmacy during the 6-month baseline monitoring period versus the 12-month intervention period, and between-group comparisons of a) the number of quitline registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from one of the study pharmacies during the 12-month intervention period, and b) the number of quitline cards and brochures distributed to patients during the first 6 months of the intervention period.Results
The percentage of quitline callers who reported having heard about the quitline from a pharmacy increased significantly, from 2.2% during the baseline monitoring period to 3.8% during the 12-month intervention (P < 0.0001). In addition, comparisons controlled for seasonal effects also revealed significant increases in referrals. Across all 64 pharmacies, 10,013 quitline cards and 4755 brochures were distributed. The number of quitline cards distributed and the number registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from a pharmacy did not differ by intervention approach (AD vs. MM), although AD pharmacies distributed more quitline brochures (P = 0.022).Conclusion
Brief cessation interventions are feasible in community pharmacies, and the 2 approaches evaluated for engaging pharmacy personnel were similarly effective and collectively led to meaningful increases in the number and proportion of all patients who called the quitline. Involvement of community pharmacy personnel in tobacco cessation presents a significant opportunity to promote quitline services by connecting patients with an effective publicly available resource. 相似文献11.
12.
Joshua D. Feldman Rachel I. Otting Craig M. Otting Matthew J. Witry 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):36-43
Objectives
To assess the impact of a community pharmacist–delivered care transition intervention on 30-day hospital readmissions.Setting
A single private 263-bed hospital in the Midwest United States and 12 partnering community pharmacies, 1 serving as primary pharmacy.Practice innovation
Adult general medicine inpatients were evaluated by nursing staff with the use of a worksheet based on the Better Outcomes by Optimizing Safe Transitions (BOOST) readmission risk toolkit. The highest-risk patients were enrolled in a 3-contact intervention. First, a pharmacist from the primary community pharmacy delivered an in-room work-up. The pharmacist focused on medication education, problem identification, and verifying medication access following discharge. A pharmacist visited the hospital for approximately 4 hours most weekdays, during which the pharmacist saw 3-4 patients. A community pharmacist telephoned these patients 8 and 25 days after discharge.Evaluation
The intervention was provided to 555 patients who had a mean readmission risk worksheet score of 1.90 (SD 1.13) and not provided to 430 patients with lower readmission risk worksheet scores, which averaged 0.68 (SD 0.86; P < 0.001). Thirty-day readmissions to the study hospital were lower for intervention patients (8.1%) versus comparison patients (21.4%; P < 0.001). Thirty-day readmissions to any hospital were calculated for a subsample of 129 intervention patients and 103 comparison patients with Medicare Fee for Service insurance for which claims were available, but the difference (10.9% and 15.5%, respectively) did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.328).Practice implication
A community pharmacy was successful in partnering with a hospital and other community pharmacies to lead a care transitions intervention associated with reduced 30-day same-hospital readmissions.Conclusion
A community pharmacist–led intervention delivered to higher-risk patients showed a significant decrease in readmission rate to the same hospital compared with lower-risk patients hospitalized in the same unit but not receiving the intervention. This supports the community pharmacists’ role in care transitions. 相似文献13.
Anik R. Patel Andrew B. Breck Michael R. Law 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(5):505-514.e2
Objectives
A major policy to increase immunization rates against infectious diseases in the United States has included pharmacy-based immunization services. We aimed to determine the impact of pharmacy-based immunization services on the likelihood of adult influenza and pneumococcal immunization.Design
National individual-level immunization data were merged with pharmacy-level data on the availability of immunization services for 8466 pharmacies from a national pharmacy chain. County-level variation in availability of vaccines from 2006 to 2010 was used to characterize exposure to immunization services. We used a longitudinal logistic regression model to estimate the impact of pharmacy-based immunization services on the outcomes of interest.Setting and participants
We conducted the main analysis in the U.S. adult population. We conducted subgroup analyses of high-risk populations, including people 65 years of age or older.Outcome measures
Odds of being immunized for influenza or pneumococcal disease after exposure to the service compared with before the service while controlling for existing trends in immunization rate growth and other confounders.Results
Each additional year of exposure to pharmacy-based immunization services was associated with a 1.023 (CI 1.012–1.034) greater odds of reporting an influenza immunization and a 1.016 (CI 1.006–1.027) greater odds of reporting a pneumococcal immunization. Five years after national implementation, we estimate that 6.2 million additional influenza immunizations and 3.5 million additional pneumococcal immunizations are attributable to pharmacy-delivered immunization services each year. Subgroup analyses further indicate that the policy increased the odds of immunization for both diseases over time among adults 65 years of age or older (influenza odds ratio [OR] 1.025, CI 1.013–1.038; and pneumococcal OR 1.026, CI 1.010–1.042).Conclusion
Pharmacy-based immunization services increased the likelihood of immunization for influenza and pneumococcal diseases, resulting in millions of additional immunizations in the United States. 相似文献14.
Diana Cavaye Elin C. Lehnbom Tracey-Lea Laba Elise El-Boustani Rohina Joshi Ruth Webster 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(12):1157-1162
Background
Given time pressures on primary care physicians, utilising pharmacists for chronic disease management is of great interest. However, limited data are available on the current workflow in community pharmacies to guide these discussions.Objective
This study aimed to test the feasibility of collecting workflow data from Australian community pharmacies using the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) software and provide preliminary data on Australian pharmacy workflow.Methods
Data were collected from three pharmacies and four variables were recorded: what the pharmacist did, with whom, where and how. All tasks were timed and data were analysed to identify total number of tasks, median time per task, proportion of time per task, and common task combinations.Results
Pharmacists' main tasks consisted of counselling, dispensing and management activities (27%, 21% and 17% respectively of the overall number of tasks) and these tasks also took the majority of their time. Tasks were frequent but short, with the average time per task ranging from 0.55 to 8.46?min and most time was spent in areas without the capacity for patient interaction (51% in the dispensing/compounding area and 6% in the back office).Conclusions
Pharmacies are dynamic environments with the average task taking 1–2?min. Longer interventions may not be easily integrated into current pharmacy workflow. 相似文献15.
16.
17.
18.
Sushmitha Inguva Jessica M. Sautter Grace J. Chun Brandon J. Patterson William F. McGhan 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(6):654-660
Objectives
To examine the population characteristics associated with the health behavior of receiving an influenza vaccine from a pharmacy-based setting.Design
Secondary analysis of data from states that participated in an optional influenza module in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based observational survey of U.S. adults.Setting and participants
Analytic sample of 28,954 respondents from 8 states and Puerto Rico who reported receiving an influenza vaccination in the past year.Main outcome measures
The main outcome was a self-reported categoric variable indicating the setting of the most recent seasonal influenza vaccination: doctor’s office, pharmacy-based store, or other setting.Results
Multinomial logistic regression results showed that environmental, predisposing, enabling, and need factors in the Andersen model were salient features associated with odds of using pharmacy-based influenza vaccination settings instead of a doctor’s office. Residents of states that allowed pharmacists as immunizers before 1999 reported greater use of pharmacy-based store settings (odds ratio [OR] 1.31). Compared with young adults, individuals 65 years of age and older were more likely to choose a pharmacy-based store than a doctor’s office (OR 1.41) and less likely to use other community settings (OR 0.45). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, black respondents were less likely to use pharmacy-based store vaccination (OR 0.51), and multiracial and Hispanic respondents were more likely to use other settings (ORs 1.47 and 1.60, respectively). Enabling and need factors were also associated with setting.Conclusion
Based on this dataset of selected states from 2014, almost one-fourth of U.S. adults who reported receiving an annual influenza vaccination did so from a pharmacy-based store; 35% reported using other community-based settings that may enlist pharmacists as immunizers. There were striking disparities in use of nontraditional vaccination settings by age and race or ethnicity. Pharmacists and pharmacies should address missed opportunities for vaccination by targeting outreach efforts based on environmental and predisposing characteristics. 相似文献19.