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William R. Doucette Julia J. Rippe Caroline A. Gaither David H. Kreling David A. Mott Jon C. Schommer 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(1):72-76.e1
Objectives
To describe services provided by community pharmacies and to identify factors associated with services being provided in community pharmacies.Design
Cross-sectional national mail survey.Setting and participants
Pharmacists actively practicing in community pharmacies (independent, chain, mass merchandisers, and supermarkets).Outcome measures
Frequency and type of pharmacy services available in a community pharmacy, including medication therapy management, immunization, adjusting medication therapy, medication reconciliation, disease state management, health screening or coaching, complex nonsterile compounding, and point-of-care testing.Results
With a 48.4% response rate, the survey showed that community pharmacies offered on average 3 of the 8 services studied. Pharmacy chains and supermarket pharmacies reported providing significantly more services than did mass merchandise pharmacies. The number of pharmacy services provided was positively associated with involvement in an interprofessional care team, innovativeness, and perceived workload. The number of pharmacy services was negatively correlated with having 3.5 or more pharmacy technicians on duty.Conclusion
Pharmacy chains and supermarkets are providing the most pharmacy services among community pharmacy settings. The number of services provided was associated with innovativeness, technician staffing, and perceived workload. Also, involvement with an interprofessional care team supported greater service delivery. Community pharmacies vary in their provision of services beyond dispensing. 相似文献2.
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Karen Suchanek Hudmon Robin L. Corelli Carl de Moor Alan J. Zillich Christine Fenlon Lyndsay Miles Alexander V. Prokhorov Susan M. Zbikowski 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(4):387-394
Objectives
To evaluate the long-term impact of 2 promising intervention approaches to engage pharmacy personnel (pharmacists, technicians) in referring patients who want to quit smoking to the tobacco quitline.Design
Randomized trial.Setting
Community pharmacies in Connecticut (n = 32) and Washington (n = 32).Intervention
Two intervention approaches were evaluated: academic detailing (AD), which involved on-site training for pharmacy staff about the quitline, versus mailed quitline materials (MM).Main outcome measures
Changes in the overall percentage of quitline registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from any pharmacy during the 6-month baseline monitoring period versus the 12-month intervention period, and between-group comparisons of a) the number of quitline registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from one of the study pharmacies during the 12-month intervention period, and b) the number of quitline cards and brochures distributed to patients during the first 6 months of the intervention period.Results
The percentage of quitline callers who reported having heard about the quitline from a pharmacy increased significantly, from 2.2% during the baseline monitoring period to 3.8% during the 12-month intervention (P < 0.0001). In addition, comparisons controlled for seasonal effects also revealed significant increases in referrals. Across all 64 pharmacies, 10,013 quitline cards and 4755 brochures were distributed. The number of quitline cards distributed and the number registrants who reported hearing about the quitline from a pharmacy did not differ by intervention approach (AD vs. MM), although AD pharmacies distributed more quitline brochures (P = 0.022).Conclusion
Brief cessation interventions are feasible in community pharmacies, and the 2 approaches evaluated for engaging pharmacy personnel were similarly effective and collectively led to meaningful increases in the number and proportion of all patients who called the quitline. Involvement of community pharmacy personnel in tobacco cessation presents a significant opportunity to promote quitline services by connecting patients with an effective publicly available resource. 相似文献9.
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Donald G. Klepser Michael E. Klepser Jaclyn K. Smith Allison M. Dering-Anderson Maggie Nelson Lauren E. Pohren 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(4):356-359
Background
One way to reduce the complications and costs of influenza like illness and pharyngitis is to improve access to testing and treatment in early stages of infection. Pharmacy-based screening and treatment of group A streptococcus (GAS) infection and influenza has the potential to improve patient care and population health.Objective
To improve patient care and population health, the objective of this retrospective study was to assess if a previously validated service model could be implemented by pharmacy chains without mandated standardization.Methods
Researchers utilized a certificate program to provide initial training to pharmacists and shared templates from previous validated models. Pharmacy companies were responsible for navigation of all implementation within their company. Researchers analyzed the de-identified data from patients seeking point-of-care testing from the participating pharmacies.Results
Participating pharmacies reported 661 visits for adult (age 18 and over) patients tested for influenza for GAS pharyngitis. For the GAS patients, 91 (16.9%) tested positive. For the Influenza patients, 22.9% tested positive and 64 (77.1%) testing negative. Access to care was improved as patients presented to the visit outside normal clinic hours for 38% of the pharmacy visits, and 53.7% did not have a primary care provider.Conclusion
A collaborative care model for managing patients with symptoms consistent with influenza or group A streptococcus can be successfully implemented, and improve access to care outside of normal clinic hours and for those without a regular primary care provider. 相似文献12.
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Diana Cavaye Elin C. Lehnbom Tracey-Lea Laba Elise El-Boustani Rohina Joshi Ruth Webster 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(12):1157-1162
Background
Given time pressures on primary care physicians, utilising pharmacists for chronic disease management is of great interest. However, limited data are available on the current workflow in community pharmacies to guide these discussions.Objective
This study aimed to test the feasibility of collecting workflow data from Australian community pharmacies using the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) software and provide preliminary data on Australian pharmacy workflow.Methods
Data were collected from three pharmacies and four variables were recorded: what the pharmacist did, with whom, where and how. All tasks were timed and data were analysed to identify total number of tasks, median time per task, proportion of time per task, and common task combinations.Results
Pharmacists' main tasks consisted of counselling, dispensing and management activities (27%, 21% and 17% respectively of the overall number of tasks) and these tasks also took the majority of their time. Tasks were frequent but short, with the average time per task ranging from 0.55 to 8.46?min and most time was spent in areas without the capacity for patient interaction (51% in the dispensing/compounding area and 6% in the back office).Conclusions
Pharmacies are dynamic environments with the average task taking 1–2?min. Longer interventions may not be easily integrated into current pharmacy workflow. 相似文献14.
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