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Andrew W. Roberts Delesha M. Carpenter Austin Smith Kevin A. Look 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(2):222-225
Background
Expanding access to naloxone is crucial for mitigating the public health epidemic of opioid overdose deaths in America. Pharmacists now have greater independent authority to dispense naloxone to the public due to a wave of enhanced pharmacy naloxone access laws. It is unknown to what extent pharmacists are required to receive specialized training to serve in this capacity.Objectives
The goal of this study was to review naloxone training mandates from states with enhanced pharmacy naloxone access laws.Methods
Structured internet searches were completed using publicly available legislative, regulatory, and administrative records to identify the type of enhanced pharmacy naloxone access law and the presence and characteristics of a pharmacist naloxone training mandate in each state.Results
As of November 22, 2017, all 50 states have implemented an enhanced pharmacy naloxone access law. Only 19 states mandated targeted naloxone education before pharmacists engaged in independent naloxone dispensing/prescribing activities.Conclusions
A lack of standardized naloxone training requirements for naloxone-dispensing pharmacists may affect the rate of adoption of enhanced pharmacy naloxone dispensing practices at community pharmacies and suboptimal education of patients at risk of opioid overdose. Ensuring pharmacists' preparedness to serve as naloxone providers is necessary to meaningfully prevent opioid overdose deaths in their communities. 相似文献2.
Delesha M. Carpenter Jill E. Lavigne Courtney A. Roberts Jessica Zacher Evan W. Colmenares 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(5):522-529
Objectives
The availability of suicide prevention training programs for pharmacists is unknown and may depend on state training requirements. This study’s objectives were to: 1) report state training requirements for pharmacist suicide education; and 2) describe educational resources that are available to prepare pharmacists for interactions with patients at risk of suicide.Methods
Each state’s board of pharmacy was contacted from July to November 2017 to determine whether that state required pharmacists to complete suicide prevention training. A scoping literature review completed in August 2017 identified suicide prevention resources for pharmacy professionals. A systematic search of 5 databases and Google yielded publications and online resources that were screened for full review. Two coders reviewed articles and resources that met inclusion criteria and extracted data on program format and length, intended audience (i.e., students, practicing pharmacists), learning methods, topics covered, and outcomes assessed.Results
Only Washington State requires pharmacists to obtain suicide prevention training. Sixteen suicide education programs and resources targeted pharmacists, including 8 in-person courses, 6 online courses, and 2 written resources. Five resources exclusively targeted pharmacists and 2 exclusively targeted student pharmacists. Most programs included information on suicide statistics, how to identify individuals at risk of suicide, how to communicate with someone who is suicidal, and how to refer patients to treatment resources. The long-term effectiveness of the programs at improving outcomes was not reported.Conclusion
Although only 1 state requires pharmacists to obtain training on suicide prevention, there are several resources available to help prepare pharmacists to interact with individuals at risk of suicide. 相似文献3.
Lisa Blanchette Timothy Gauthier Emily Heil Michael Klepser Karl Madaras Kelly Michael Nailor Wenjing Wei Katie Suda 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(5):481-484
Objectives
The objective of this position statement is to describe the essential role of pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship in outpatient care.Data sources
N/A.Summary
The majority of antibiotic prescribing occurs in outpatient care settings highlighting the need for antibiotic stewardship in the community. Given their expertise on medication management, pharmacists are essential to any antibiotic stewardship effort.Conclusion
As the regulations for antibiotic stewardship in outpatient settings continue to evolve and optimal stewardship strategies are defined, pharmacists must be leaders in the implementation of these programs. 相似文献4.
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Lucy Phan Vo JoAnna Han Souksavong Annie Tran Janet Chang Kajua B. Lor 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(3):326-332.e6
Objectives
To evaluate the impact of an Act FAST educational intervention performed by student pharmacists on knowledge of stroke recognition and management.Design
Stroke preparedness and knowledge of primary prevention were assessed with the use of pre- and post-intervention surveys targeting community members at health fairs. The intervention was an Act FAST educational session with blood pressure and blood glucose screenings provided by student pharmacists. Act FAST is a quick tool to help recognize and respond to a stroke. The acronym FAST stands for Face, Arms, Speech, and Time.Setting
Community health fairs in Vallejo, CA.Participants
Community members 18 years of age and older.Intervention
Act FAST educational session delivered by student pharmacists.Main outcome measures
Knowledge of signs, symptoms, management, and risk factors of strokes as defined by the American Heart Association.Results
Following the Act FAST educational intervention, total knowledge of signs, symptoms, and management of stroke significantly increased from moderate to high (n = 112; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.419-2.188; P <0.0001). Total knowledge of risk factors of stroke also significantly increased following the educational intervention (n = 88; 95% CI 0.6496-1.746; P <0.0001).Conclusion
The Act FAST educational intervention delivered by student pharmacists increased knowledge of signs, symptoms, immediate management, and modifiable risk factors of stroke. This suggests that student pharmacists may have a positive impact on community members’ preparedness and knowledge of primary prevention of stroke. The Act FAST campaign may be a useful tool for all training health care professionals. 相似文献7.
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Matthew Lengel Catherine H. Kuhn Marcia Worley Allison M. Wehr James W. McAuley 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(2):179-185.e2
Objectives
To assess the impact of technician involvement on the completion of medication therapy management (MTM) services in a community pharmacy setting and to describe pharmacists' and technicians' perceptions of technician involvement in MTM-related tasks and their satisfaction with the technician's role in MTM.Design
Prospective observational study.Setting and participants
In the fall of 2015, pharmacists and selected technicians from 32 grocery store–based community pharmacies were trained to use technicians within MTM services.Main outcome measures
Completed MTM claims were evaluated at all pharmacies for 3 months before training and 3 months after training. An electronic survey, developed with the use of competencies taught in the training and relevant published literature, was distributed via e-mail to trained employees 3 months after training.Results
The total number of completed MTM claims at the 32 pharmacy sites was higher during the posttraining time period (2687 claims) versus the pretraining period (1735 claims). Of the 182 trained participants, 112 (61.5%) completed the survey. Overall, perceived technician involvement was lower than expected. However, identifying MTM opportunities was the most commonly reported technician MTM task, with 62.5% of technicians and 47.2% of pharmacists reporting technician involvement. Nearly one-half of technicians (42.5%) and pharmacists (44.0%) agreed or strongly agreed they were satisfied with the technician's role in MTM services, and 40.0% of technicians agreed that they were more satisfied with their work in the pharmacy after involvement in MTM.Conclusion
Three months after initial training of technicians in MTM, participation of technicians was lower than expected. However, the technicians involved most often reported identifying MTM opportunities for pharmacists, which may be a focus for future technician trainings. In addition, technician involvement in MTM services may increase satisfaction with many aspects of work for actively involved technicians. 相似文献10.
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Amit Patel Daria Bakina Jim Kirk Scott von Lutcken Tom Donnelly William Stone Heather Ashley-Collins Karen Tibbals Lynn Ricker Jeffrey Adler John Ewing Michelle Blechman Sherry Fox Will Leopold Daniel Ryan Donna Wray Heather Turkoz 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(9):851-862
Background
Counseling patients with written materials relies equally on patients' health literacy to understand their disease and its treatment, and the written materials' effectiveness communicating clearly in accessible and actionable ways. Only about 12% of the US population is adequately health literate.Objectives
To explore the impact of reducing the health literacy demands of written patient health information.Methods
805 patients were screened for health literacy, and recruited for balanced cohorts of adequate and low literacy, and high and normal blood pressure. Half of each patient cohort received either standard or “health literacy-friendly” drug summaries (i.e. Patient Package Inserts, or PPIs or “leaflets”) along with a standardized health literacy assessment scale.Results
The literacy-friendly drug summary improved comprehension of drug-related information overall from 50% to 71% correct responses. Adequate literacy patients improved from 58% correct to 90%, while lower literacy patients improved from 42% to 52% correct in response to the health literacy-friendly PPIs.Conclusions
Health literacy demands require special attention in developing and using written drug summary materials. Additionally, pharmacists should be provided additional information and counseling support materials to facilitate communications with low health literacy level patients. 相似文献14.
Lorinda Anderson Laura M. Borgelt Paige Clark Gina Moore 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):113-116
Objectives
To initiate a call to action for community pharmacists and key stakeholders to encourage comprehensive and consistent education and certification for contraception services, especially in states where laws have been enacted for pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives.Date sources
Websites for several boards of pharmacy that have implemented pharmacist training for contraceptive prescribing.Summary
From the authors’ perspective of helping to implement laws that allow pharmacist prescribing of contraception in Oregon and Colorado, lessons learned have shown that it is better to have 1 consistent resource for pharmacist certification for the following reasons: 1) Boards of pharmacy are able to ensure patient safety because all pharmacists are providing the same level of care to every patient; 2) retail chain pharmacies and pharmacy managers are assured that all their pharmacists, regardless of state, are trained in a similar and appropriate manner; and 3) pharmacists can be reimbursed through medical insurance for the patient encounter because payers are able to identify and credential pharmacists who pass an approved and accredited certification program.Conclusion
New laws allowing pharmacists to prescribe contraception are expanding to other states, and the implementation of these laws provides an important increase in pharmacists’ scope of practice. This exciting new prospect allows the pharmacy community of each state an opportunity to coordinate and learn from each other on best practices for implementation. Having a consistent training program was identified as being one key aspect of successful implementation. 相似文献15.
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Jami E. Mann Lindsey B. Amerine Kayla Waldron Michael D. Wolcott Jacqueline E. McLaughlin 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(6):595-602
Background
Competency-based education models can serve as valuable resources for providing quality continuing education and professional development in healthcare. However, competency development programs can be stifled by scarce stakeholder involvement and insufficient recognition of resource challenges. Engaging pharmacists in program development can inform program design and prioritization of needs.Objective
To describe a process to assess pharmacist perceptions about competency development and to inform program design by identifying high priority topic areas based on perceived value, confidence in abilities, and frequency of use by pharmacists.Methods
Pharmacists at a large academic medical center were surveyed to examine opinions regarding competency development and identify perceived departmental value, personal confidence, and frequency of use for nine competency topic areas. Responses were aggregated to create scores for each of the three criteria related to the nine topics. Priority areas were topics with the highest relative scores in perceived value and frequency of use and lowest relative scores in confidence compared to the other areas.Results
Survey responses were collected from 105 pharmacists (78.9% response rate). A majority indicated that competency assessment is a shared responsibility between the organization and individual pharmacists. Therapeutic knowledge was identified as the competency requiring the most immediate attention as it was perceived to have the highest departmental value and highest frequency of use, yet participants indicated low confidence regarding the topic.Conclusions
Competency development is a critical aspect of ensuring pharmacists are prepared for the rapidly evolving needs of the healthcare system. Organizations play an important role in identifying and developing pharmacist competencies aligned with institutional and individual needs. This study suggests that pharmacists and leaders at an academic medical center identified a shared responsibility for competency development. The process described here may provide a model for other medical centers with similar competency development needs. 相似文献18.
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