完全性子宫破裂28例临床分析

目的探讨完全性子宫破裂的发病原因、临床特点及妊娠结局,以指导临床。方法回顾性分析2009年4月至2017年12月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院住院分娩28例完全性子宫破裂患者的诊疗过程。结果完全性子宫破裂发生率为0.019%,中位分娩孕周为37周(18~41周)。其高危因素主要为剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕破裂17例,子宫肌瘤剔除术后8例,子宫畸形1例,人工流产史1例,病史不详1例。17例发生在孕38周之前,最常见的症状是持续性下腹痛(14例),11例发生在孕38周之后,常见症状是胎心监护异常,主要是各种类型的胎心减速(8例)。24例剖宫产终止妊娠,4例阴道分娩(2例为中孕期引产,1例孕34周,另1例孕40周)。24例行子宫修补术,3例行全子宫切除术,另1例孕中期治疗性引产诊断为子宫破裂,经抗炎止血输血等对症治疗后痊愈出院。25例发生产后出血,15例输血治疗,14例发生失血性休克,6例发生弥漫性血管内凝血。28例孕产妇无一例死亡。6例流产儿死亡;活产新生儿22例,出生体重为1135~4555 g,8例发生新生儿窒息。结论当瘢痕子宫孕中期出现下腹痛及产时监护出现胎心减速应警惕完全性子宫破裂。     

妊娠中晚期完全性子宫破裂临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠中晚期完全性子宫破裂的临床特点、治疗情况及母儿预后。方法:回顾分析2014年1月至2018年9月华中科技大学附属同济医院收治的妊娠中晚期完全性子宫破裂15例的病例资料。结果:妊娠中晚期完全性子宫破裂患者15例,平均孕周32~(+4)周(23~(+1)～39周)。15例患者均有腹部手术史或宫腔操作史,其中子宫底或宫角部破裂7例,子宫体部破裂6例,原剖宫产瘢痕处破裂2例。14例患者行剖宫产+子宫破裂修补术(其中3例行子宫动脉结扎),术后恢复良好;1例患者入院时已发生失血性休克,多器官功能衰竭,抢救无效死亡。胎婴结局中死亡8例,新生儿重度窒息3例,轻度窒息3例,出生时状态良好1例。结论:瘢痕子宫是子宫破裂的主要危险因素,但除剖宫产手术史外,肌瘤剔除史、异位妊娠史及宫腔操作史也与子宫破裂相关。有效识别高危孕妇,定期产检监测,快速识别可疑症状,紧急剖宫产有利于提高母儿预后。     

瘢痕子宫阴道试产子宫不全破裂6例临床分析

目的:探讨剖宫产后阴道试产(TOLAC)过程中子宫破裂的临床特点、诊治情况及妊娠结局。方法:回顾分析2016年1月至2018年10月浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院收治的TOLAC过程中发生子宫不全破裂的6例孕产妇的临床病例资料。结果:6例子宫不全破裂产妇中,4例为第一产程中子宫不全破裂中转剖宫产,1例为第二产程中出现胎心频繁晚期减速产钳助产,产后出血行剖腹探查发现子宫不全破裂,1例为平产后发现的子宫不全破裂。4例产程中出现胎心减速(2例频发变异减速,1例延长减速并发血性羊水,1例重复晚期减速);1例表现为产程中持续性下腹疼痛,胎心偏快;1例表现为平产后2h内的产后难治性出血。6例均行剖腹探查术,术中均见瘢痕处肌层缺失,仅剩浆膜层;其中3例出现子宫瘢痕的延裂。6例均行子宫瘢痕裂开的修补缝合,无一切除子宫,母儿预后良好。结论:子宫破裂是TOLAC过程中的危急重症,子宫不全破裂的临床症状不典型,应加强有TOLAC意愿妇女的孕前孕期宣教、注重产前评估,结合母儿情况及前次剖宫产史严密管理产程,关注胎心监护变化及不适主诉,提高子宫破裂早期识别能力,能大大减少子宫破裂引起的相关并发症,保障母儿安全。     

分娩期非瘢痕子宫自发性破裂一例

子宫破裂是指在分娩期或妊娠晚期子宫体部、底部或子宫下段发生裂开,直接威胁产妇及胎儿生命,是产科急危重症。最常见的原因是子宫操作史和梗阻性难产,其次还有子宫发育畸形、子宫肌层发育不良、剖宫产切口选择不当以及阴道助产损伤等。主要临床表现是胎心异常、腹痛和阴道出血。对于无子宫破裂高危因素且临床症状不典型的患者发生子宫破裂容易出现漏诊。讨论分析石家庄市第四医院收治的1例分娩期非瘢痕子宫自发性破裂病例,为该病的早期识别、早期诊断和及时处理提供帮助。     

86例完全性子宫破裂临床特点分析

目的:分析完全性子宫破裂的临床特点及母儿结局,为完全性子宫破裂的临床诊疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2018年12月四川省10个地区纳入的86例完全性子宫破裂患者的基本情况、临床特点及母儿结局并分组比较完全性子宫破裂的母儿结局,依据既往是否有子宫手术史分为瘢痕子宫组及非瘢痕子宫组,按子宫破裂时不同产程状态分为分娩发动前子宫破裂组与产程中子宫破裂组,按是否规律产检分为定期产检组与未定期产检组以及按照经济水平分为高GDP地区组与中-低GDP地区组。结果:（1）86例患者中,50例（58.1%）表现为腹痛,31例（36.0%）出现腹部及子宫压痛;84例（97.7%）治愈出院,2例（2.3%）死亡。85例接受手术治疗的患者中,67例（78.8%）行子宫修补术,18例（21.2%）行子宫切除或次全切除术; 50（58.1%）发生严重产后出血,52例（61.8%）行输血治疗,21例（24.7%）术后转入重症监护室（ICU）,15（17.8%）出现并发症。双胎妊娠1例,共有87例新生儿娩出。其中,41例（47.1%）死亡,19例（21.8%）转入新生儿重症监护室（NICU）;22例（25.2%）发生新生儿窒息,轻度窒息12例（13.8%）,重度窒息10例（11.5%）。（2）瘢痕子宫组54例（62.8%）,非瘢痕子宫组32例（37.2%）;分娩发动前子宫破裂组63例（73.3%）,产程中子宫破裂组23例（26.7%）;定期产检组40例（46.5%）,未定期产检组46例（53.5%）;高GDP地区组55例（64.0%）,中-低GDP地区组31例（36.0%）。未定期产检组产次、来自中-低GDP区、子宫切除、围产儿死亡的比例明显高于定期产检组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;高GDP地区组的定期产检率明显高于中-低GDP地区组,中-低GDP区产次、产后出血、输血、入ICU的比例均明显高于高GDP区,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;余母儿结局比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:瘢痕子宫仍是完全性子宫破裂的主要危险因素。完全性子宫破裂的母儿结局差,经济条件较差地区中的孕产妇结局更差。     

子宫破裂22例临床分析

目的探讨子宫破裂的发病率、病因、诊治及预防措施。方法对2010年1月至2016年10月南京医科大学第一附属医院产科收治的22例妊娠期子宫破裂患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果子宫破裂的发生率为0.070 6%(22/31 164)。1例发生于中期妊娠,21例发生于晚期妊娠。子宫破裂的原因包括:瘢痕子宫21例(剖宫产术后20例,子宫纵膈切除术后1例)、瘢痕子宫并胎盘植入1例、巨大儿1例。不全子宫破裂18例,术中切口常规缝合;完全子宫破裂4例,2例行子宫切除术,2例行破口修补术。结论子宫破裂易发生于孕晚期,剖宫产术等子宫手术是子宫破裂的首要原因,有效降低剖宫产率,可减少妊娠期子宫破裂的发生。     

药物流产致瘢痕子宫破裂5例临床分析

20 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年我院共收治剖宫产术后再次妊娠行药物流产致瘢痕子宫破裂 5例。孕妇年龄 2 7～ 36岁 ,孕周13～ 15周 ,前次剖宫产与此次妊娠的间隔时间为 2～ 8年。剖宫产术式均为子宫下段剖宫产术。 5例均于口服米非司酮 15 0mg后 ,2例隔日口服米索前列醇 6 0 0 μg ,3例隔日米索前列醇 10 0 μg直肠给药 ,每 3h 1次。其中 1例自服米索前列醇无效后再次行利凡诺羊膜腔注药引产。子宫破裂可表现为有规律的阵发性腹痛 ,程度轻重不等 ,其中 3例患者有少量至中等量阴道出血。破裂时患者出现腹痛加重 ,随之减轻甚至消失 ,子宫不再阵缩 ,2例仍…     

瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠分娩方式的选择与母婴结局分析

目的比较瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠不同分娩方式对产妇及新生儿的影响,分析自然分娩的风险及注意事项。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军海军总医院2010年6月至2015年6月收治的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇436例的资料,根据分娩方式的不同分为瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组172例、瘢痕子宫剖宫产组264例,比较两种分娩方式对产妇及新生儿的影响,按1:1比例选择同期非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩172例及非瘢痕子宫剖宫产产妇264例,分析瘢痕与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩、瘢痕与非瘢痕子宫剖宫产对产妇及新生儿结局的影响。结果 (1)436例瘢痕子宫产妇,208例行阴道试产,172例试产成功行阴道分娩,成功率为78.6%,228例患者行剖宫产分娩;(2)瘢痕子宫剖宫产组产后24 h出血量、产后发热、新生儿窒息、住院时间明显多于瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组(P0.05);(3)瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组潜伏期、活跃期、总产程、产时出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息发生率与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)瘢痕子宫剖宫产组手术时间、住院时间、产后出血量、新生儿窒息、切口愈合不良、产褥感染、盆腹腔粘连发生率明显高于非瘢痕子宫剖宫产组(P0.05)。结论瘢痕子宫剖宫产会明显增加母婴并发症,临床应尽量避免瘢痕子宫无指征剖宫产,排除禁忌证的情况下,鼓励阴道试产,加强产程管理,提高产科质量。     

分娩期子宫破裂并发膀胱破裂1例报告

目的：探讨子宫破裂并发膀胱破裂的原因,提高对瘢痕子宫孕妇发生子宫破裂及周围脏器破裂的警惕性。方法：回顾性分析2013年1月我院收治的一例子宫破裂并发膀胱破裂孕妇临床资料。结果：本例瘢痕子宫孕妇经阴道分娩过程中发生子宫破裂并发膀胱破裂,行子宫修补加膀胱修补术。结论：子宫破裂及膀胱等周围脏器破裂为产科严重并发症,尤其对于瘢痕子宫孕妇经阴道分娩者应给予高度重视。     

妊娠期完全性子宫破裂105例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期瘢痕子宫和无瘢痕子宫完全性子宫破裂的发生率、病因、临床特征及母儿结局。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月至2017年12月云南省33家医疗单位妊娠期完全性子宫破裂的发生情况。收集105例孕妇的一般临床资料、分娩特征、术中所见以及母儿结局,然后按照子宫有无瘢痕史将其分为瘢痕组(65例)和无瘢痕组(40例),对比分析这些指标,并对符合随访条件的母儿进行随访。结果:(1)瘢痕组妇女不良孕产史、妊娠期糖尿病、子宫原瘢痕破裂比例高于无瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。无瘢痕组患者高龄产妇、巨大儿、梗阻性难产和医源性产程加速(缩宫素使用不当)、产程中子宫破裂、失血性休克、胎死宫内的比例显著高于瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。无瘢痕组中的5例因医源性损伤(3例胎头/胎臀吸引,2例产钳助产)发生完全性子宫破裂。(2)两组患者常见的临床症状分别是产前剧烈腹痛、胎心异常、失血性休克以及产前阴道流血,且无瘢痕组失血性休克比率高于瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。(3)瘢痕组子宫下段累及比例高于无瘢痕组(P 0. 05),无瘢痕组子宫颈、子宫角受累的比例高于瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。(4)无瘢痕组新生儿5分钟Apgar≤7分和胎死宫内的比例高于瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。而瘢痕组幸存胎儿后续正常发育的比例高于无瘢痕组(P 0. 05)。结论:瘢痕子宫破裂的主要原因与剖宫产史和腹腔镜下较大子宫肌瘤剔除史有关,无瘢痕子宫破裂主要原因是梗阻性难产、缩宫素使用不当以及宫内操作不当。子宫破裂后常见的临床症状有产前剧烈腹痛、胎心异常、失血性休克等,其中无瘢痕子宫破裂者组织损伤更重,失血量更多,母儿近远期预后更差。     

妊娠期子宫破裂12例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠期子宫破裂的原因、临床特点及预防措施。方法对2006年1月至2011年12月北京大学人民医院妇产科收治的12例妊娠期子宫破裂的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果子宫破裂的发生率为0.09%(12/12697)。12例患者中,10例经产妇为剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫妊娠,1例初产妇为子宫肌瘤切除术后瘢痕子宫妊娠,1例初产妇无特殊病史;子宫破裂的临床表现不一,3例患者表现为持续性腹痛,3例患者表现为不规律下腹痛,1例合并不孕病史,其他患者无明显症状;其中10例子宫破裂为不全子宫破裂且为术中诊断,2例为完全子宫破裂,术前经B超诊断。结论瘢痕子宫是子宫破裂最常见的原因,应努力控制初产妇的剖宫产率,并提高诊治子宫破裂高危患者的能力。     

Intrapartum predictors of uterine rupture

This case-controlled study reviewed 26 cases of uterine rupture at an academic medical center. Controls were selected in a 2:1 design by reviewing the immediate successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) before and after each case of uterine rupture. At less than 2 hours before delivery or acute uterine rupture, mild and severe variable decelerations, persistent abdominal pain, and hyperstimulation were more common in cases of uterine rupture as compared to controls and had statistically significant positive likelihood ratios (LR). Mild and severe variable fetal heart rate decelerations, especially in the presence of persistent abdominal pain, may predict uterine rupture in patients attempting VBAC.     

剖宫产术后非计划再次手术19例临床分析

目的:分析剖宫产患者发生非计划再次手术的原因、高危因素,以及再次手术的注意事项,提高对危险因素的识别,探讨减少和避免其发生的方法。方法:对安徽省妇幼保健院产科2013年1月-2017年7月发生的19例非计划再次手术的剖宫产患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:剖宫产术后非计划再次手术的发生率为0.06%(19/31 136)。首次剖宫产指征包括:胎盘因素6例,多胎妊娠4例,瘢痕子宫4例,头盆不称2例,社会因素2例,巨大儿1例。其中首次手术为择期者15例,急诊者4例。再次剖腹探查术主要指征为因宫缩乏力导致产后出血再次手术7例,胎盘因素4例,腹壁血肿2例,膀胱破裂2例,腹腔内出血2例,子宫切口裂开1例,子宫切口感染1例。再次手术的方式:7例行子宫切除,3例行腹壁血肿清除术,2例行B-lynch缝合术,2例行腹腔血肿清除术,2例行膀胱修补术,1例放置Bakri产后止血球囊,1例行腹腔镜下子宫切口修补术,1例行腹腔镜检查。19例患者均治愈。结论:剖宫产患者发生非计划再次手术的主要原因是宫缩乏力导致的产后出血,首次手术指征为胎盘因素、多胎妊娠以及瘢痕子宫者非计划再次手术风险较高。虽然发生率不高,但造成的不良后果严重,必须采取相应措施,减少和避免非计划再次手术的发生。     

Persistent abdominal pain over uterine scar during labor as a predictor of delivery complications

Objective

To evaluate the significance of persistent lower abdominal pain in women with previous cesarean delivery.

Methods

Various maternal outcomes were compared between women who underwent repeated cesareans owing to persistent lower abdominal pain (study group) and women who underwent repeated cesareans without persistent abdominal pain (control group).

Results

The incidence of uterine rupture was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (8/81 [9.9%] vs 0/119 [0.0%]; P < 0.001). While all women with persistent lower abdominal pain and uterine rupture had an additional sign or symptom, only 6/73 (8.2%) women with persistent abdominal pain without uterine rupture had any additional symptoms (P < 0.001). There was no difference in incidence of uterine scar dehiscence between the groups. However, the hospitalization period was significantly longer in the study group (4 vs 3.7 days; P < 0.05). Trial of labor was a contributing factor to uterine rupture.

Conclusion

Isolated persistent lower abdominal pain in women with previous cesarean is a poor indicator of uterine rupture. However, the positive predictive value for uterine rupture is 57% when an additional sign or symptom is present. Dehiscence of the uterine scar is relatively common and it is not associated with persistent abdominal pain.     

妊娠期子宫破裂8例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨妊娠期子宫破裂的可能原因、临床表现及预防措施。方法:回顾2013—2016年首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院妇产科收治的8例子宫破裂患者的临床特点、治疗情况及预后,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果:8例妊娠期子宫破裂患者中有7例是瘢痕子宫破裂,1例是非瘢痕子宫破裂,临床表现多样。妊娠期瘢痕子宫发生破裂的概率较非瘢痕子宫高,而剖宫产术是造成瘢痕子宫及再次妊娠子宫破裂的高危因素。结论:剖宫产术后再次妊娠的时机及分娩方式的选择对预防妊娠期子宫破裂的发生至关重要。     

Maternal and neonatal outcomes after uterine rupture in labor

OBJECTIVE: There is significant controversy about the risks related to attempted vaginal birth after cesarean and the implications for informed consent of the patient. Recent data suggest that women who deliver in hospitals with high attempted vaginal birth after cesarean rates are more likely to experience successful vaginal birth after cesarean, as well as uterine ruptures. We conducted a study to evaluate maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality after uterine rupture at a tertiary care center. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of cases of uterine rupture from 1976 to 1998. All women who had a history of uterine rupture were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, identifiers with hospital discharge data cross-referenced with a separate obstetric database. We abstracted demographic information, fetal heart rate patterns, maternal pain and bleeding patterns, umbilical cord gas values, and Apgar scores from the medical record. Outcome variables were uterine rupture events and major and minor maternal and neonatal complications. RESULTS: During the study period there were 38,027 deliveries. The attempted vaginal birth after cesarean rate was 61.3%, of which 65.3% were successful. We identified 21 cases of uterine rupture or scar dehiscence. Seventeen women had prior cesarean deliveries (10 with primary low transverse cesarean delivery, 3 with unknown scars, 1 with classic cesarean delivery, 2 with two prior cesarean deliveries, and 1 with four prior cesarean deliveries). Of the 4 women who had no history of previous uterine surgery, one had a bicornuate uterus whereas the others had no factors increasing the risk for uterine rupture. We confirmed uterine rupture and scar dehiscence in 19 women. Specific details were not available for 2 patients. Uterine rupture or scar dehiscence was clinically suspected in 16 women with 3 cases identified at delivery or after delivery. Sixteen women had symptoms of increased abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, or altered hemodynamic status. There were 2 patients who required hysterectomies and 3 women who received blood transfusions; there were no maternal deaths related to uterine rupture. The fetal heart rate pattern in 13 cases showed bradycardia and repetitive variable or late decelerations. Thirteen neonates had umbilical artery pH >7.0. Two cases of fetal or neonatal death occurred, one in a 23-week-old fetus whose mother had presented to an outlying hospital and the second in a 25-week-old fetus with Potter's syndrome. All live-born infants were without evidence of neurologic abnormalities at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm the relatively small risk of uterine rupture during vaginal birth after cesarean that has been demonstrated in previous studies. In an institution that has in-house obstetric, anesthesia, and surgical staff in which close monitoring of fetal and maternal well-being is available, uterine rupture does not result in major maternal morbidity and mortality or in neonatal mortality.     

Vernixuria: another sign of uterine rupture.

Uterine rupture complicates approximately 1% of trials of labor after cesarean. Classic signs and symptoms include loss of station, cessation of labor, vaginal bleeding, fetal distress, and abdominal pain. Other signs are also possible. We report a case of uterine rupture at VBAC trial that includes an unusual clinical sign of uterine rupture: vernix caseosa observed in the urine of the parturient. During labor, a bladder catheter was inserted to evaluate oliguria. Vernix caseosa and blood were found in the tubing. Prompt cesarean delivery followed. A tear extending from the original transverse scar into the bladder dome was found. Vernixuria is an additional sign of uterine rupture.     

剖宫产术后子宫切口憩室的诊断与治疗

剖宫产术后子宫切口憩室是剖宫产术后罕见的并发症。子宫切口憩室不仅会引起月经淋漓不尽、不孕和慢性下腹痛等症状,更可能在再次妊娠时出现妊娠期或分娩期的子宫破裂,造成严重不良影响。近年来随着剖宫产率的上升、临床医师对该疾病了解的增加以及影像学技术和微创技术的发展,诊断为剖宫产术后子宫切口憩室的病例逐渐增多。本文介绍剖宫产术后子宫切口憩室的发生原因、临床表现以及诊断方法,并对该疾病的治疗方法和最新进展进行归纳,但目前对于剖宫产术后子宫憩室的形成原因、诊断和治疗仍需要大规模样本及多中心研究。因此,临床应严格把握剖宫产的手术指征,以降低剖宫产术后子宫切口憩室的发生。     

"Silent" rupture of unscarred gravid uterus with subsequent pelvic abscess: successful laparoscopic management

Intrapartum rupture of an unscarred uterus is rare in current times. However, it is still associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Unlike rupture or dehiscence of a previous cesarean scar, which is occasionally bloodless, complete rupture of a gravid unscarred uterus frequently results in fetal jeopardy and significant maternal intraperitoneal bleeding, causes acute abdomen, and demands emergency surgical (laparotomy) intervention. Laparoscopy generally has no role in such circumstances due to the generally unstable maternal hemodynamic condition and the necessity of prompt fetal delivery with an abdominal approach. We present a rare case of intrapartum rupture of an unscarred gravid uterus with an atypical insidious clinical course. The diagnosis of complete uterine rupture was made 20 days after the patient's successful vaginal delivery, at which time a large pelvic abscess formed. The condition was successfully managed laparoscopically. Successful vaginal delivery, even with normal lochia, good uterine contraction, and stable vital signs, does not preclude the possibility of uterine rupture. For patients with unusual postpartum pelvic pain, uterine rupture should be considered as one of the possible etiologic factors, and prompt survey should be performed. Laparoscopic intervention may be valuable in such situations.