单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的 评价后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法 对47例脊髓型颈椎病行单开门椎管成型术，平均随访时间39．2个月，手术前后应用JOA评分法，对脊髓功能的改善情况进行对比分析。结果 病程小于6个月者2、3年改善率分别为68.06％、69.21％；病程超过6个月者2、3年改善率分别为61.80％、62.43％。术后2年的改善率与术前JOA评分呈负相关性(r=-0．30)。结论 单开门椎管扩大成形术后疗效肯定，术后缓解率同病程长短以及术前脊髓功能受损程度有关，脊髓功能恢复在2年时基本稳定。     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的　评价后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法　对 4 7例脊髓型颈椎病行单开门椎管成型术 ,平均随访时间 39 2个月 ,手术前后应用JOA评分法 ,对脊髓功能的改善情况进行对比分析。结果　病程小于 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 8 0 6 %、 6 9 2 1 % ;病程超过 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 1 80 %、 6 2 4 3%。术后 2年的改善率与术前JOA评分呈负相关性 (r=- 0 30 )。结论　单开门椎管扩大成形术后疗效肯定 ,术后缓解率同病程长短以及术前脊髓功能受损程度有关 ,脊髓功能恢复在 2年时基本稳定     

影响单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎病疗效的术后相关因素分析

目的 探讨单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病术后因素对手术效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2006年12月接受单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者.选取JOA改善率>75%(A组38例)和<25%的病例(B组32例)进行分析.对两组患者年龄、性别、病程、术前JOA评分、术前Pavlov比率、术前颈椎活动度、术前颈椎曲度指数、脊髓受压节段数、随访时间等可能影响术后JOA改善率的术前参数行统计学分析,两组只在年龄和术前JOA评分上差异有统计学意义.去除两组中年龄>60岁的病例以及JOA评分<6分的病例.A组剩余24例(A1组),B组18例(B1组).再次对A1组和B1组行以上统计学分析,两组各项参数差异均无统计学意义.对A1和B1两组术后颈椎活动范围及其改变率、术后颈椎曲度指数及其改变率、术后Pavlov比率及椎管扩大率等六项参数进行成组设计t检验,并与JOA改善率进行相关性分析.结果上述六项参数中除两组术后颈椎活动范围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余五项参数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).A1组中除术后颈椎活动范围与JOA改善率无相关性,其余指标均与JOA改善率有相关性;B1组中除术后颈椎活动范围及其改变率与JOA改善率无相关性,其余各指标均与JOA改善率有相关性.结论 术后减小颈椎活动范围、维持颈椎前凸及尽量扩大椎管直径有利于神经功能的恢复.     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术椎板开门角度对脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响

目的:探讨椎板开门角度对颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术(expansion of open-door laminoplasty)治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响。方法:选取我院2006年7月至2009年1月采用颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得24个月以上随访的脊髓型颈椎病患者198例,男115例,女83例;年龄29～72岁,平均49±5岁。双节段39例(C3～C5 11例,C4～C6 28例);三个节段(C4～C7)97例,四个节段(C3～C7)62例。患者均有术前颈椎正侧位、双斜位和过度屈伸位X线平片和颈椎CT及MRI检查图片;术前JOA评分4～9分,平均6.3±2.9分。按照术后1周CT片上测量的椎板开门角度以30°为界限分为两组,统计两组手术时间、出血量、术后出现并发症病例、C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数、颈椎活动度和脊髓后移数值,末次随访时评价患者神经功能情况,计算神经功能改善率。结果:开门角度>30°的患者共76例(A组);开门角度15°～30°的患者共122例(B组)。两组术前JOA评分、C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数及颈椎活动度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。A组手术时间110±13min,出血量250±80ml;B组手术时间120±30min,出血量230±100ml,两组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后A组51例(67.1%)出现轴性症状,8例(10.4%)发生C5神经根麻痹,1例(1.32%)颈椎轻度后凸畸形;B组37例(10.5%)出现轴性症状,3例(2.4%)发生C5神经根麻痹,4例(3.28%)发生关门,A组轴性症状和C5神经根麻痹的发生率高于B组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。术后1个月脊髓后移值为0～7.95mm,平均2.41±0.46mm。末次随访时两组C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数及颈椎活动度无显著性差异(P>0.05);JOA评分改善率A、B组分别为(72.1±11.7)%和(69.0±12.3)%,两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:不同椎板开门角度术后神经功能改善率无显著性差异;将椎板开门角度控制在15°～30°轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生率较低,但应防止发生关门。     

改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法2005年3月至2006年5月,18例脊髓型颈椎病患者接受改良单开门椎管扩大成形术,即受压节段两端行部分椎板切除,中央行单开门椎管扩大成形术（A组）,23例患者接受传统C3-7,单开门椎板成形术,作为对照组（B组）,对两组患者手术前后的JOA评分改善率、减压程度、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度及轴性症状严重程度进行随访,并比较评估。结果41例全部获得随访,JOA评分恢复率A组为（62．0±26．4）％,B组为（62．7±19．8）％,两组差异无统计学意义;两组病例术后MRI均显示椎管减压充分．患者术后颈椎曲度指数丢失A组为（2．75±2．68）％,B组为（5．23±2．02）％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;术后颈椎活动度丢失A组为（7．21±4．07）°,B组为（13．16±6．34）。,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;术后有明显轴性症状者A组为22．2％．B组为56．5％．两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论改良椎管扩大成形术获得了良好的神经减压效果,与传统C3-7单开门椎板成形术相比,在对颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度的影响以及轴性症状发生率等方面有明显改善。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术内固定的选择与疗效

目的观察塑形指骨接骨钛板和Centerpiece钛板在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中的疗效。方法 2009-07—2013-07间应用后路颈椎管扩大成形术治疗并获随访的85例颈椎管狭窄症患者,其中40例采用塑形指骨接骨钛板固定椎板,45例采用Centerpiece钛板固定椎板。回顾性分析两种椎板固定方法的治疗效果。结果 2组患者术后6个月均获得骨性愈合。且出血量、手术时间、引流量、JOA评分改善率及颈椎曲度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。塑形指骨接骨钛板组住院费用较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论塑形指骨接骨钛板和Centerpiece钛板固定椎板均能有效维持椎管的扩大状态。微型钛板固定椎板手术操作简单,不增加手术时间及出血量;而指骨接骨钛板相对费用较低。在患者经济条件允许情况下,Centerpiece钛板是颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术一种较好的椎板固定方法。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后相关并发症的研究进展

正近年来,颈椎病发生率逐年升高,且逐渐呈低龄化趋势。在各类型颈椎病中尤以脊髓型危害最大,一经诊断,应尽早手术治疗。颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的一种常用手术方式,它通过扩大颈椎管,借助"弓弦效应"使脊髓向后漂移,使颈脊髓腹侧得到间接减压,该术式对于3个节段的颈椎病变有独特优势[1]。对于多节段脊髓型颈椎病的手术方法目前有较多争议,多年研究表明,颈后路椎管扩大成形术与前路椎体     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后隐性失血的影响因素分析

目的 评估颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后隐性失血量,确定影响隐性失血相关的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2018年2月至2020年7月接受颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的55例患者的临床资料,51例符合所有纳入标准.其中男30例,女21例;年龄37～79岁,平均(59.90±9.75)岁.记录术前和术后的红细胞压积,根据Se...     

单开门椎管成形术治疗颈椎病疗效分析

我院自 1996年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月采用单开门椎管成形减压术 ,并采用两种方式将开门的棘突固定 ,避免了术后门重新关上的并发症。临床治疗颈椎管狭窄症 2 8例 ,术后随访 1～ 4年效果满意 ,总结如下。1　临床资料本组 2 8例 ,男 2 7例 ,女 1例。年龄 4 9～ 6 7岁 ,平均 5 9岁。病史 2个月～ 10年。平均 3年 6个月。术前均有不同程度的颈强痛 ,上下肢感觉减退及病理征出现。其中颈强痛 2 4例 ,压顶试验阳性 2 3例 ,臂丛神经牵拉试验阳性 12例 ,单侧霍夫曼氏征阳性 7例 ,双侧阳性 2 1例 ,出现髌、踝阵挛阳性 2 0例 ,不同程度巴彬斯基氏征、夏…     

弹性支撑植骨式单开门椎管扩大成形术

目的：评价一种新的，改良的单开门椎管扩大成形术，方法：治疗17例慢性压迫性颈脊髓病，其中后纵韧带骨化4例，颈椎管狭窄5例，脊髓型颈椎病及多间隙颈椎间盘脱出7例，迟发性创伤性颈脊髓病1例，手术要点是绞链侧骨槽截面为浅弧形而非V形，掀起的椎板具有弹性能将植骨块紧密相嵌于椎板与关节突间，结果：手术优良率88．3％，结论：弹性支撑植骨式椎管扩大成形术手术效果确切，有更高安全度。     

颈椎单开门椎板成形术术后轴性症状的影响因素分析

目的:探讨慢性压迫性颈脊髓病患者行C_3-C_7单开门椎板成形术术后发生轴性症状(axial symptom,AS)的影响因素及其可能机制。方法:对2012年5月至2016年7月行C_3-C_7单开门椎板成形术的多节段慢性压迫性颈脊髓病32例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中脊髓型颈椎病14例,发育性颈椎管狭窄合并颈脊髓病8例,后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)10例;男17例,女15例;年龄47～82岁,平均57.46岁;病程5～35个月,平均22.4个月。记录开门角度(opening angle,OA),颈椎生理曲度(cervical curvature angle,CA),术前脊髓受压率(preoperative spinal cord compression rate,PSCR)及术后脊髓漂移程度(postoperative spinal cord shift,PSCS)发生情况。术后2周根据AS评定标准判定患者是否出现AS情况,并将患者分为轴性症状组和非轴性症状组,将两组患者的一般资料及影像学参数进行差异性比较,将其中与术后AS发生具有相关性的参数再进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果:术后2周共有13例患者发生AS,轴性症状组与非轴性症状组患者的性别、年龄及病程一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),轴性症状组患者OA为(36.76±9.35)°,CA为(11.53±4.36)°,PSCR为(27.83±1.72)%,PSCS为(3.17±0.81)mm,非轴性症状组患者OA为(33.03±10.52)°,CA为(7.71±4.73)°,PSCR为(25.16±3.59)%,PSCS为(2.43±0.95)mm,两组患者的CA、PSCR及PSCS比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组的OA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),OA、PSCR及PSCS 3个参数与AS的二元Logistic回归分析结果:OA、PSCR因变量被剔除(P0.1),PSCR的偏回归系数为0.311,P=0.031。结论:CA、PSCR及PSCS是AS的相关影响因素,其中PSCS是AS发生的高危因素,脊髓后移过大引起的C_(4,5)颈神经牵拉、术后硬脊膜自身膨胀引起脊髓的牵张力变大及颈脊髓受压变形过大引起支配血管的植物神经损伤或坏死可能是AS的发病机制,但这只是理论推断,需要今后进一步完善实验去验证。     

Short-term complications and long-term results of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical stenotic myelopathy.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Laminoplasty has been reported to achieve good operative results for treatment of cervical stenotic myelopathy. However, long-term results and prognostic factors have not been well documented. Among postoperative complications, weakness of the shoulder girdle muscles has been reported as a particular complication of laminoplasty, but the cause is still poorly understood. PURPOSE: Our aim was to clarify the short-term complications and long-term operative results after unilateral open-door laminoplasty and to identify the predictors for operative outcome. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed short-term complications and long-term operative results associated with cervical stenotic myelopathy treated by unilateral open-door laminoplasty. PATIENT SAMPLE: There were 162 men and 42 women with an average age of 57 years who were treated by unilateral open-door laminoplasty in the two institutions. Pathogenesis of myelopathy was cervical spondylosis in 88 patients, cervical disk herniation with a narrow spinal canal in 10, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 106. OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative complications and their outcomes were examined clinically in 204 patients, and causes of motor paresis were sought with postoperative computed tomography after myelography. Postoperative improvement of clinical symptoms was assessed by recovery rate calculated with the scores of the Japanese Orthopaedic Scoring System in 80 patients. METHODS: The occurrence rate of short-term postoperative complications, causes of motor paresis, and their outcomes were reviewed in 204 patients. Clinical condition was assessed with the Japanese Orthopaedic Scoring System, recovery rate was calculated with the score, and prognostic factors for outcome were studied in 80 patients who were followed up for 5 years or longer (average, 8 years; range, 5-17 years). RESULTS: Occurrence rate of complications, such as muscle weakness, deep infection, closure of opened laminae, and others, was 10.8%. Muscle weakness was observed in 7.8% of the patients. However, this rate decreased in recent years. The cause of motor paresis is not known with certainty, but it may be secondary to operative trauma, posterior shift of the spinal cord, or to displacement of the lamina in the hinge side. Recovery rate of clinical symptoms was 62.1% at the final follow-up. Rates were 63.6% for cervical spondylosis, 87.1% for cervical disk herniation, and 61.3% for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. There was no significant difference between pathologies. Patient age younger than 60 years at the time of operation and less than 1 year's duration of symptoms before surgery were significantly associated with recovery rate of clinical symptoms. Recovery rate was not correlated with either preoperative function judged by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score or spinal sagittal diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of postoperative motor paresis of upper extremities is thought to be operative trauma, resulting from such procedures as air-drill and Kerrison rongeur handling. Short-term complications may decrease with the use of nontraumatic procedures. Better operative outcomes may be achieved with careful operative procedures and early operative treatment in the patients with myelopathy.     

颈椎“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 总结分析颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法 对61例行颈椎后路“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,采用JOA评分法、颈椎管平均矢状径评价临床疗效,X线、CT判定植骨融合状况.结果 术后所有患者症状体征得到改善,JOA评分由术前平均10.6...     

Comparison of long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes between alternative-level and all-level fixation unilateral open-door laminoplasty

BACKGROUND CONTEXTTitanium mini-plate has been used in unilateral open-door laminoplasty to maintain the open angle of laminae. Previously, both all-level fixation (C3–C7) and alternative-level (C3, C5, C7) unilateral open-door laminoplasty have been proven to have satisfactory clinical outcomes. However, whether they could achieve similar long-term clinical and radiographic efficacy is still questionable.PURPOSETo compare the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes between alternative-level and all-level fixation unilateral open-door laminoplasty with a mini-plate fixation system.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective comparative study.PATIENT SAMPLENinety-one patients who underwent unilateral open-door laminoplasty.OUTCOME MEASURESClinical results including Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Visual Analogue Score, Neck Dysfunction Index score. Radiographic results including cervical curvature index, cervical range of motion, and the spinal canal expansive parameters, including anteroposterior diameter, Pavlov's ratio, and open angle.METHODSBetween April 2007 and June 2011, 91 patients with minimum 7-year postoperative follow-up were included. Thirty-eight underwent alternative-level fixation (group A) and 53 underwent all-level fixation (group B). Demographic data, including age, gender, operative time, blood loss, and cost, were collected and compared between the two groups. Clinical and radiographic data were obtained preoperatively, at 3 and 6 months and 1 and 3 years postoperatively, as well as at final follow-up. The difference between the two groups and between different time points within one group was compared.RESULTSBoth groups obtained satisfactory clinical outcomes till the final follow-up. No statistic difference was found in Japanese Orthopedic Association, Visual Analogue Score, and Neck Dysfunction Index between the two groups throughout the whole follow-up. Both groups maintained APD and Pavlov's ratio well till follow-up. However, statistic difference was found in the open angle between two groups at final follow-up (34.17±2.75° vs. 36.19±1.80°, p<.05). When we subdivided the cervical segments in group A, we found the mini-plate segments showed maintenance in open angle but a 4.52° decrease in suture segments. The mean cost in group B (17,669.82±1,157.65 $) was significantly higher than in group A (11,452.19±871.07 $; p<.05).CONCLUSIONSDespite a difference in the maintenance of open angle, both fixation methods achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. We believe alternative-level fixation is also a safe, effective, and economical fixation method.     

术前颈椎曲度与椎管扩大成形术后脊髓后移程度及疗效的相关性

目的:观察术前不同颈椎曲度的慢性压迫性颈脊髓病患者行单开门椎管扩大成形术后脊髓后移的距离及临床疗效,探讨颈椎曲度与椎管扩大成形术后脊髓后移程度及临床疗效的相关性.方法:选取我院2005年1月～2011年12月采用传统棘突、小关节囊悬吊法单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得完整随访资料的慢性压迫性颈脊髓病患者共63例,包括脊髓型颈椎病26例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)20例,发育性颈椎管狭窄合并颈脊髓病17例,均因多节段颈椎间盘退变突出、后纵韧带骨化导致多节段颈脊髓受压或合并发育性颈椎管狭窄而采用单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗.根据术前X线片上颈椎曲度将患者分为后凸畸形组(n=16)、曲度变直组(n=18)和曲度正常组(n=29),在术前、术后颈椎MRI T2加权像中心矢状位片上测量并计算C3～C7各节段脊髓后移距离(posterior shift of center of spinal cord,PCS),比较三组患者C3～C7各节段PCS的差异;评价术前和末次随访时神经功能(JOA评分),计算并比较三组患者末次随访时JOA评分改善率及差异.结果:三组患者的年龄、性别比、病程、随访时间、病种构成和术前JOA评分等无统计学差异(P＞0.05).术后各节段脊髓均有明显后移,三组患者C3～C7五个节段的PCS均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).随访时间15～90个月,平均47±24个月,三组患者末次随访时平均JOA改善率分别为59.81％、69.25％、54.44％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).C5水平脊髓后移距离与末次随访时JOA改善率无线性相关关系(r=0.110,P=0.390).结论:术前不同颈椎曲度的慢性压迫性颈脊髓病患者椎管扩大成形术后脊髓均能后移,并可取得较好的临床疗效;椎管扩大成形术后脊髓后移程度、神经功能改善率与术前颈椎曲度无明显相关性.     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形微型钢板内固定术后轴性疼痛的危险因素

目的 :探讨颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形微型钢板内固定术后轴性疼痛的危险因素。方法 :回顾性分析2008年12月~2016年3月219例在我院行颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形微型钢板内固定术患者的临床资料,其中男176例,女43例,年龄31~89岁(60.7±12.3岁)。根据术后是否发生轴性疼痛,分为轴性疼痛组和无轴性疼痛组。对两组患者性别、年龄、症状持续时间、诊断类型、内科合并症情况、手术节段、术中出血量、手术时长、术前术后神经功能、颈椎稳定性、颈椎序列分型、颈椎曲度、椎管矢状径、颈椎活动度、颈后伸肌群面积、门轴愈合情况、关节突关节完整性等指标进行单因素分析,根据单因素分析结果进一步进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果:共有63例患者术后出现轴性疼痛,156例患者无轴性疼痛,两组患者术后神经功能均较术前均明显改善,两组改善率无统计学差异(P0.05)。单因素分析显示术前颈肩疼痛、术后颈椎稳定性、术后颈椎序列分型、术后颈椎曲度变化、术后颈椎活动度变化、关节突关节破坏等指标与术后轴性痛发生可能相关(P0.1),纳入多因素分析。多因素分析显示术后颈椎活动度的变化(P=0.047)和关节突关节破坏(P=0.041)与术后轴性疼痛的发生相关。结论:颈椎活动度减少和微型钢板固定螺钉对关节突关节的破坏是颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形微型钢板固定术后轴性疼痛发生的危险因素,术中应注意保护关节突关节,减少对颈后肌群的破坏。     

产妇分娩体验及影响因素的研究进展

阐述产妇分娩体验的概念及核心要素、国内外分娩体验现状,从一般人口学特征、社会心理因素和产科因素三方面总结归纳其影响因素,旨在为医护人员采取针对性的干预措施提升分娩期照护水平,改善产妇分娩体验提供参考.     

颈椎单开门扩大成形术并发症及防治对策

目的 :分析单开门椎管扩大成形术并发症的原因 ,探讨预防措施。方法 :回顾分析自 1994年 5月～ 2 0 0 0年11月行该手术的 6 4 7例病例。结果 :6 4 7例中 39例出现并发症 ,占 6 0 3% ,其中硬膜外血肿 5例 (0 77% )、脊髓损伤 4例 (0 6 2 % )、硬脊膜损伤 7例 (1 0 8% )、椎管扩大不充分 5例 (0 77% )、术式选择不当 2例 (0 31% )、神经根牵张痛 7例 (1 0 8% )、第 5颈神经根麻痹 3例 (0 4 6 % )、开门后再关门 3例 (0 4 6 % )、感染 3例 (0 4 6 % )。结论 :重视术前检查 ,正确选择手术适应证 ,注意开门操作的各个环节 ,加强术后管理可减少并发症的发生。     

Multiple regression analysis of the factors influencing the results of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

We conducted a multiple regression analysis on the surgical results (minimum follow-up of 5 years) of 55 patients who underwent expansive open-door laminoplasty (open-door ELAP) for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in order to determine statistically the impact of factors influencing the results. Duration of myelopathy was found to be a significant factor indicating poor results, while progression of ossification and age at the time of surgery were significant factors indicating deterioration. Three other factors (preoperative severity of myelopathy, degree of spinal canal expansion and changes of the curve indices before and after surgery) did not have a significant influence on the results. To improve the surgical results, it is thus essential to operate on patients as soon as they develop symptoms of myelopathy. There exists a certain limitation in posterior decompression for OPLL including open-door ELAP until prevention of the progression of ossification becomes possible. Received: 9 April 1997