1例同时性肝转移结肠癌患者的MDT诊治报道

本文介绍1例同时性肝转移结肠癌病例的多学科诊治过程.该病例初诊时肝脏多发转移无法切除,经过多学科讨论后患者接受化疗联合靶向药物治疗,意外实现肝脏转移灶和结肠原发灶的切除.术后9月,患者肝脏转移癌复发,经过多学科讨论治疗后再次获得缓解.该病例的诊治过程说明,多学科诊治对于改善结直肠癌肝转移患者的生存至关重要;初始不可切除的肝转移患者应根据其耐受性和治疗的反应情况动态调整治疗目标.多学科诊治团队需常态化和专业化以实现患者的最大获益.     

潜在可切除的结直肠癌同时性肝转移的治疗策略

肝转移是结直肠癌治疗的重点和难点,同时性肝转移接受根治性手术的机会更少,手术难度更大,因此预后更差.如何科学地判断肝转移灶的可切除性,有效地将潜在可切除肝转移灶转化为可切除病灶,对于治疗至关重要.本文就潜在可切除的结直肠癌同时性肝转移在临床治疗策略上的变革与发展进行综述.     

数字化技术在软组织肉瘤新辅助治疗前后肿瘤退缩评估中的预测价值#br#

目的 探讨数字化技术对软组织肉瘤新辅助化疗前后评估肿瘤体积（GTV）的临床应用价值。 方法 选取中国医科大学附属盛京医院骨与软组织肿瘤科软组织肉瘤患者1例,新辅助化疗前后行64排螺旋CT增强和三维重建,获得DICOM原始数据,将其导入三维影像工作站软件,对目标区域肿瘤及骨组织区分后,生成三维模型,协助医生进行化疗疗效评价,术前进行手术设计以及与患者进行有效沟通。 结果 利用基于CT影像学原始数据的高清重建,可清晰显示新辅助化疗前后软组织肉瘤肿瘤体积变化,可对肿瘤退缩进行有效评估。结论 数字化技术可有效评估新辅助治疗前后肿瘤退缩情况,在软组织肉瘤手术的个性化治疗上具有应用前景。     

可切除结直肠癌肝转移患者的术前和术后化疗

可切除结直肠癌肝转移患者术后约有75%的复发率.围手术期的氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸、奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)化疗较单纯手术可以减少合格入组患者和手术患者的疾病进展风险.但术前化疗可导致肝血管改变和脂性肝炎从而增加手术风险.汇总分析显示与单纯手术相比,术后接受氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸为基础的辅助化疗,有延长无疾病进展生存期的趋势.贝伐单抗无论术前还是术后使用可能均不会增加手术风险.如何合理地选择化疗时机及最佳持续时间等问题尚待解决.     

术前 NLR 对同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后价值

目的 探讨术前中性粒细胞/ 淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和癌胚抗原(CEA)对同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后价值。方法 回顾性收集 2012 年 8 月至 2017 年 12 月期间在河北北方学院附属第一医院行同期肝切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床病理资料,使用 X-TILE 软件来计算 NLR 的最佳截止点;采用 Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线和 Log-rank 检验来绘制和比较生存曲线,利用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来分析独立预后因素;采用时间依赖性曲线下面积( t-AUC)来绘制和比较不同指标联合使用时的预后价值。 结果 共有 122 例同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者被纳入此研究,NLR 进行预后分层时的最佳截止点为2. 1,术前较高的 NLR 和更高的病理 T 分期相关(P= 0. 037),但与低 NLR 组相比在其他指标上均无明显差异(P>0. 05);单因素生存分析提示术前 NLR 水平、最大肝转移直径、结直肠癌 pT 分期、是否淋巴结转移和术前 CEA 水平与同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后相关(P 均<0. 05);多因素生存分析肝转移数目(HR = 1. 644,95%CI = 1. 063 ~ 2. 542,P = 0. 025)、有淋巴结转移(HR= 1. 76,95%CI = 1. 045~ 2. 965,P= 0. 034)、CEA≥3. 4 μg / L(HR= 1. 611,95%CI = 1. 054 ~ 2. 460,P = 0. 028),以及 NLR≥2. 1(HR= 1. 625,95%CI = 1. 044~ 2. 539,P= 0. 033)是同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的独立危险因素。 NLR 在预测患者预后时的 t-AUC 为 60. 89% ~ 66. 41%,CEA 为 58. 15% ~ 66. 41%,联合检测时的 t-AUC 为 64. 53% ~ 68. 36%,CEA 在预测患者预后时的 C-index 为 0. 648(95%CI = 0. 543~ 0. 752),NLR 为 0. 688(95%CI = 0. 583 ~ 0. 795),二者相比无明显差异(P = 0. 29),联合检测时 C-index 可提高到 0. 69(95%CI = 0. 586~ 0. 795),但对比单独使用 CEA(P = 0. 12)或 NLR(P = 0. 52)时均无统计学差异。 结论 术前 NLR 或 CEA 升高与同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的不良预后密切相关,联合应用术前 NLR 和 CEA 可提高对患者预后预测的准确性。     

122例结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者的临床预后分析

目的:探讨影响结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者预后的因素和治疗选择.方法:回顾性分析广西医科大学2000年1月至2005年12月收治的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者122例,用Kaplan-Meier分析本组患者的总生存率,用Log-rank检验和COX模型(SPSS13.0)对影响生存的18项临床病理因素和临床治疗方法进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:该组患者1年,2年,3年,5年生存率分别为52.46%,24.59%,12.30%,3.28%,单因素分析结果显示原发肿瘤的大小、分化程度、淋巴结转移、癌性梗阻、肝转移灶部位、肝转移灶数目、肝转移灶大小,肝外侵犯或转移、确诊时CEA水平,手术性质,原发瘤切除,化疗方式及化疗方案为预后影响因素.多因素分析显示,肿瘤分化程度.癌性梗阻,CEA水平及手术性质为独立的预后因素.结论:对于结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者,原发瘤的分化程度低.伴癌性梗阻及术前CEA高提示患者预后不良.治疗方式对结直肠癌肝转移患者有重要影响,对于仅存在肝转移的结直肠癌患者应尽积极手术根治原发灶及肝转移灶,介入化疗优于外周静脉全身化疗,全身化疗最好选用含草酸铂的化疗方案.     

脾切除法建立人结肠癌细胞肝转移模型及对肝转移的评估

目的：建立类似临床大肠癌根治术后肝转移动物模型，并建立精确评估肝转移的方法。方法：在裸鼠脾内注入人结肠癌细胞５ｍｉｎ后切除脾脏。术后第３１天对裸鼠行病理检查并测定肝转移ＤＮＡ含量。结果：发现肝转移率为１００％，肝外其它脏器未见转移结节，组织学证实肝转移结节为低分化腺癌。脾内注入１０＾５癌细胞、脾切除组肝转移癌ＤＮＡ的含量比脾内注入１０＾６癌细胞、脾切除组肝转移癌ＤＮＡ的含量低６１．４％。结论：本实     

影像学检查对肝门部胆管癌可切除性评估的价值

目的 探讨影像学检查对肝门部胆管癌可切除性的评估价值。方法 对43例经术后病理组织学证实的肝门部胆管癌患者的CT及MRI资料进行回顾性分析,包括肿瘤的大小、胆管受侵犯的长度、肿瘤侵犯门静脉及肝动脉的程度、淋巴结转移及远处转移的情况、胆管受侵犯的范围及改良建议性T分期与可切除性的关系。结果 浸润型肝门部胆管癌的可切除率为8.3％,肿块型的可切除率为51.6％（P=0.017）。不同肿块大小和肿瘤浸润胆管的长度组别间可切除率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Bismuth分型各型可切除率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。改良建议性T分期各期的可切除率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,且可切除率随T分期的增加而下降（P＜0.01）。结论 浸润型肝门部胆管癌的可切除率低于肿块型;肿块的大小和肿瘤浸润胆管的长度与肿瘤的可切除性均无关;改良建议性T分期较Bismuth分型在指导肝门部胆管癌的可切除性上更有价值。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者行同期手术切除的预后分析

目的 探讨实施结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术患者的预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析1993年1月至2003年1月间,在我院实施结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术且获得随访的44例患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log rank检验进行统计学比较,Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果 44例患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为86.3%、40.9%和25.0%.单因素分析显示,脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存有关;而性别、年龄、原发灶位置、肿瘤大体类型、分化程度、转移瘤数目以及转移瘤分布与术后生存无关.多因素分析显示,区域淋巴结转移是影响预后的独立危险因素.结论 对于结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者实施同期手术切除,可以获得较好的疗效,其中无淋巴结转移的患者疗效最佳.     

Hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The majority of patients with colorectal liver metastases receive systemic chemotherapy. In the context of unresectable liver metastases, the objective of chemotherapy based on new and more effective regimens is not only to prolong survival, but also to induce enough response and shrinkage of the tumor to render resectable patients initially not deemed to be surgical candidates. In patients with resectable liver metastases, the goal of chemotherapy is to improve the outcome after surgery and especially to decrease the risk of recurrence. Although the principles of combined modality treatment become widely accepted, this therapeutic strategy is also associated with potential risks related to the preoperative use of chemotherapy.     

Current treatment options for patients with initially unresectable isolated colorectal liver metastases

The development of liver metastases is a common clinical entity in the clinical course of colorectal cancer. For patients with isolated liver involvement, surgical resection is the only treatment that can provide a chance of prolonged survival and cure. However, most of these patients are not initially eligible for the surgery. Selected patients with initially considered to have unresectable disease may become resectable after systemic (chemotherapy ± biological therapy) and loco-regional treatment modalities including hepatic arterial infusion. Patients who have colorectal liver metastases ideally should be referred to a multidisciplinary cancer care team in order to identify the most optimal management approach.     

A case report of conversion therapy for initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases after cetuximab as third-line treatment

The introduction of monoclonal antibodies into the treatment protocols for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)has significantly improved outcomes. There are some patients with mCRC, initially judged unresectable, who become resectable after chemotherapy. For patients with isolated liver metastases, surgical resection is recommended when feasible. We experienced a case in which an initially unresectable mCRC liver metastases converted into a resectable one after cetuximab monotherapy as third-line treatment. The sample from hepatectomy was a pathologically complete response; no remnants were detected. The management of liver metastases contributes to improvements in the clinical setting. For conducting a multimodal treatment of mCRC, the participation of various specialists such as medical oncologists, colorectal/hepaticsurgeons and diagnostic/therapeutic radiologists is indispensable. Furthermore, it is necessary to construct an evidence-based consensus on potentially resectable CRC liver metastases in each hospital.     

Risks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable colorectal carcinoma hepatic metastases

Patients with resectable colorectal hepatic metastases are increasingly being treated with preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Recent studies have delineated regimen-specific toxicities and their impact on patient outcomes after hepatic resection. This review discusses selected important research findings on the risks of preoperative chemotherapy for resectable colorectal liver metastases, focusing specifically on hepatotoxicity.     

Final analysis of colorectal cancer patients treated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unresectable liver metastases

We have previously reported that neoadjuvant therapy with modified FOLFIRI enabled nearly a third of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to undergo surgical resection of liver metastases. Here, we present data from the long-term follow-up of these patients. Forty patients received modified FOLFIRI: irinotecan 180 mg m(-2), day 1; folinic acid, 200 mg m(-2); and 5-fluorouracil: as a 400 mg m(-2) bolus, days 1 and 2, and a 48-h continuous infusion 1200 mg m(-2), from day 1. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks, with response assessed every six cycles. Resected patients received six further cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively. Nineteen (47.5%) of 40 patients achieved an objective response; 13 (33%) underwent resection. After a median follow-up of 56 months, median survival for all patients was 31.5 months: for non-resected patients, median survival was 24 months and was not reached for resected patients. Median time to progression was 14.3 and 5.2 months for all and non-resected patients, respectively. Median disease-free (DF) survival in resected patients was 52.5 months. At 2 years, all patients were alive (8 DF), and at last follow-up, eight were alive (6 DF). Surgical resection of liver metastases after neoadjuvant treatment with modified FOLFIRI in CRC patients achieved favourable survival times.     

Chemotherapy in patients with resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer

New chemotherapy drugs and, more recently, targeted therapies have significantly improved the outcome of patients with resected stage III colon cancer (adjuvant chemotherapy) and patients with unresectable metastases (palliative therapy). These advances raise several questions about the place of chemotherapy after and before surgery in patients with resectable liver metastases. To date, only a combined intra-arterial plus systemic fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimen has clearly demonstrated a relapse-free survival benefit. Yet, this approach is restricted to specialized centers, mainly because of technical difficulties and locoregional toxicities. The role of systemic use of oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens is currently under investigation. Planned trials will assess the role of anti-angiogenic and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents. We review the main trials performed in patients with resectable metastases, and discuss their potent impact on clinical practice.     

The role of cetuximab in converting initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases for resection

In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) predominantly confined to the liver, whether a patient undergoes potentially curative resection of the liver lesions is a well-established principal determinant of long-term survival. There are a number of different agents, both chemotherapeutic and targeted biologic agents, which can aid in shrinking liver tumors, which would have otherwise been unresectable, allowing for potentially curative resection. The aim of this review article is to summarize the available evidence regarding optimal therapeutic strategies for converting initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection; we do not discuss patients who present with initially resectable disease. We have taken the approach to review trials that included R0 resection rates as one of the principal study endpoints and specifically enrolled patients with liver-limited disease. Primary tumor location has recently emerged as a putative prognostic and predictive factor in patients with mCRC; however, presently, there is a lack of resectability outcomes differentiating tumor location–defined subgroups, and several ongoing trials and retrospective analyses are anticipated to guide insights in the future. In conclusion, in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC, the data support preferential use of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab when combined with standard-of-care infusional doublet chemotherapy regimens (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) for the conversion of initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection. Furthermore, we discuss data involving intensified chemotherapy regimens (i.e., 3-drug backbones such as FOLFOXIRI with or without a targeted biologic agent) to promote the conversion of initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection.