抗结核药导致结核病患者肝损害与GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性的关系

目的研究抗结核药物导致肝损害与GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性的关系。方法收集结核病患者血标本124例,其中肝损害患者99例、非肝损害者25例。从外周血的白细胞提取DNA,用聚合酶链反应分析GSTM1及GSTT1无效基因型分布频率。结果 GSTM1、GSTT1无效基因分布频率均与肝损害呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论 GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与抗结核药导致肝损害呈正相关。     

MnSOD的基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害关系的研究

目的研究药物代谢酶锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)的基因多态性与抗结核药物肝损害的关系,阐明抗结核药物诱导肝损害的分子机制。方法通过聚合酶链反应-直接测序(PCR-DS)方法分析101例有抗结核药物性肝损害的结核病患者(病例组)及107例无抗结核药物性肝损害的结核病患者(对照组)的MnSOD的基因多态性,并分析它们与抗结核药物性肝损害之间的关系。结果与MnSOD编码基因47位碱基T/T基因型(OR:0.68,P>0.05)、T/C基因型(OR:1.03,P>0.05)比较,47位碱基C/C基因型患者更易发生抗结核药物性肝损害,OR值为5.77(P<0.05)。结论 MnSOD编码基因的47位碱基CC基因型有可能是发生抗结核药物性肝损害的易感基因。     

GSTT1、GSTM1基因多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病易感性及大剂量甲氨蝶呤血药浓度、所致急性肝损伤的相关性

目的 观察GSTT1、GSTM1基因多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)易感性及大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)血药浓度、所致急性肝损伤的相关性。方法 选取2016年6月—2021年2月福建医科大学附属协和医院血液科收治的ALL患者92例为病例组,体检中心的健康体检者185例为对照组。采用课题组改良的多重PCR法对病例组、对照组进行GSTT1、GSTM1基因分型,比较不同基因型与ALL易感性、HD-MTX所致急性肝损伤的相关性,基因型与MTX血药浓度的相关性。结果 GSTM1基因多态性与ALL易感性和HD-MTX所致急性肝损伤的发生存在相关性(P=0.001/0.004),GSTM1(-)增加二者发生风险,OR=2.451/3.596,95%CI(1.462～4.116)/(1.464～8.836),未发现GSTT1基因多态性与二者的相关性;不同基因型C_{44 h}/D组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GSTM1(-)显著增加ALL及HD-MTX治疗所致肝损伤的发生风险,提示GSTM1酶蛋白在血液疾病发生和机体抵抗药物与环境毒物损伤方面的重要作用。     

GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因多态性与乳腺癌关系的对照研究

目的：探讨女性乳腺癌人群中GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因多态性在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用。为筛选易感人群、早期诊断及有效地预防和治疗措施的建立提供参考依据。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法对105例正常人和100例乳腺癌患者GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因的多态性分布进行检测，Logistic回归等方法估计基因、基因与乳腺癌相关危险因素的交互作用对乳腺癌发病的危险度。结果：GSTT1、GSTM1基因和乳腺癌的危险性呈负相关，OR（95％CI）分别为0．322（0．175～0．593）和0．340（0．188～0．615）；GSTT1基因与GSTM1基因的交互作用和乳腺癌的发病有统计学关联，GSTM1基因和GSTT1基因同时缺失的人群OR（95％CI）为12．338（3．621～22．042）；GSIT1基因及GSTM1基因与多个乳腺癌相关危险因素存在交互作用。结论：GSIT1、GSTM1基因的缺失是乳腺癌发病的危险因素；特定的环境暴露背景下，基因在与环境危险因素的相互作用促进乳腺癌的发生。     

GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因多态性与乳腺癌关系的对照研究

目的：探讨女性乳腺癌人群中GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因多态性在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用。为筛选易感人群、早期诊断及有效地预防和治疗措施的建立提供参考依据。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法对105例正常人和100例乳腺癌患者GSTT1基因、GSTM1基因的多态性分布进行检测，Logistic回归等方法估计基因、基因与乳腺癌相关危险因素的交互作用对乳腺癌发病的危险度。结果：GSTT1、GSTM1基因和乳腺癌的危险性呈负相关，OR（95％CI）分别为0．322（0．175～0．593）和0．340（0．188～0．615）；GSTT1基因与GSTM1基因的交互作用和乳腺癌的发病有统计学关联，GSTM1基因和GSTT1基因同时缺失的人群OR（95％CI）为12．338（3．621～22．042）；GSIT1基因及GSTM1基因与多个乳腺癌相关危险因素存在交互作用。结论：GSIT1、GSTM1基因的缺失是乳腺癌发病的危险因素；特定的环境暴露背景下，基因在与环境危险因素的相互作用促进乳腺癌的发生。     

某地区健康人群谷胱甘肽硫转移酶T1基因型研究

目的探讨广东地区瑶族和汉族健康人群谷胱甘肽硫转移酶T1（GSTT1）基因多态性的分布。方法采用双重PCR方法检测226例瑶族和219例汉族人群GSTT1基因型。结果瑶族和汉族人群GSTT1缺失基因型频率分别为47．8％（108／226）及52．1％（114/219），二者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；同民族不同性别之间、不同年龄之间差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论广东地区瑶族和汉族人群GSTT1基因多态性分布与中国其他地区汉族人群、韩国人和日本人相似，而与美国黑人和白人显著不同。     

中国健康汉族和维吾尔族人谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的基因多态性

目的 比较中国健康汉族人和维吾尔族人GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性分布。方法 用多重PCR分析GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性，PCR—RFLP检测GSTP15号外显子105位密码子基因多态性。结果 汉族人与维吾尔族人的GSTM1纯合缺失频率接近。分别为56.1％和53.2％。而汉族人的GSTT1纯合缺失频率（50．0％）较维吾尔族人（26．6％）高。汉族人GSTP1 105I／I、I／V和V／V基因型频率分别为60．7％，35．2％和4．1％；维吾尔族人分别为51．3％，40．2％and 8．4％。结论 维吾尔族人与汉族人，除GSTM1外，GSTT1与GSTP1突变基因型频率存在明显种族差异。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害的关系研究Δ

目的:探讨肝药酶细胞色素P4502C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害(ATDIH)易感性的关系。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法对ATDIH病例组106例与抗结核治疗无肝损害的对照组103例的CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3位点进行基因型分型,分析基因多态性与ATDIH的相关性。结果:病例组与对照组CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3基因表型频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3双基因表型的代谢速度分为快代谢型、中间代谢型和慢代谢型。Logistic回归分析表明,慢代谢型患者出现肝损害的危险性是快代谢型的2.657倍(95%CI=1.089⁶.482)。结论:汉族人群CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3基因多态性可能与ATDIH的发生有关,慢代谢型患者较快代谢型患者更易出现肝损害。     

蒙古族与汉族人群GSTM3及CYP1A1基因多态性的研究

目的研究内蒙古地区蒙、汉族人群GSTM3和CYP1A1 Exon7基因多态性。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和等位基因特异性扩增（ASA）技术分析内蒙古地区412例健康蒙古族人和436例健康汉族人的GSTM3及CYP1A1 Exon7基因多态性及基因型分布频率。结果内蒙古地区蒙、汉族人群GSTM3基因型之间的分布频率具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,CYP1A1 Exon7基因型分布频率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 GSTM3基因型频率在内蒙古地区健康蒙、汉族人群中的分布具有显著差异,而CYP1A1 Exon7基因型分布频率无显著性差异。     

GSTM1基因多态性与满族人群肺癌易感性关系

目的 研究内蒙古地区GSTM1基因多态性与满族人群肺癌易感性关系.方法 采用多重PCR分析技术对内蒙古地区214例正常满族人及128例满族肺癌患者进行GSTM1基因多态性检测,并联合吸烟状况,分析GSTM1基因多态性及吸烟与肺癌之间的相互关系.结果 ①与GSTM1(+)基因型相比,携带GSTM1(-)基因型的个体患肺癌的危险度升高2.264倍;②吸烟人群较不吸烟人群患肺癌的危险度升高2.143倍;③与携带GSTM1(+)的非吸烟者相比,携带GSTM1(-)吸烟者患肺癌的危险度升高,OR值为5.504(95％ CI=2.837～10.676),且结果具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);携带GSTM1(-)的非吸烟者与携带GSTM1(+)的吸烟者患肺癌的危险度均升高,OR值分别为1.546 (95％ CI=0.771～3.100)和1.154(95％ CI=0.572～2.327),但结果没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 GSTM1(-)、吸烟为内蒙古地区满族人群肺癌的易感因素.     

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null allele frequencies among Indonesian ethnics toward improved disease risk assessment

Genetic variations in the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been widely studied, and homozygous deletions or null genotypes have been reported in different populations. Previous studies suggest that individuals who are homozygous-null at the GSTM1 or GSTT1 locus may have an increased risk of environmentally related cancers and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in 154 healthy, unrelated individuals from the Javanese-Sundanese and Malay ethnic populations of Indonesia to provide a resource for improving the prognosis of possible susceptibilities in specific populations. The subjects were genotyped for the presence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique. The GSTM1-null genotype was more frequent among Javanese-Sundanese ethnics (99%) than among the Indonesian Malay (67.2%). Similarly, Javanese-Sundanese ethnics showed a higher frequency of the GSTT1-null genotype (66.7%) than the Indonesian Malay (36.2%). Analysis of the combined distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes revealed that 66.7% of the individuals from the Javanese-Sundanese population lack both the genes, whereas only 21.1% of the Indonesian Malay is GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null. This study contributes significant information on the variability of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms worldwide, which can provide new knowledge about the relationship between ethnicity and the prevalence of certain diseases.     

Influence of polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 for risk of renal cell cancer in workers with long-term high occupational exposure to trichloroethene

Suspected nephrocarcinogenic effects of trichloroethene (TRI) in humans are attributed to metabolites derived from the glutathione transferase (GST) pathway. The influence of polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 isoenzymes on the risk of renal cell cancer in subjects having been exposed to high levels of TRI over many years was investigated. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by internal standard controlled polymerase chain reaction. Fourty-five cases with histologically verified renal cell cancer and a history of long-term occupational exposure to high concentrations of TRI were studied. A reference group consisted of 48 workers from the same geographical region with similar histories of occupational exposures to TRI but not suffering from any cancer. Among the 45 renal cell cancer patients, 27 carried at least one functional GSTM1 gene (GSTM1+) and 18 at least one functional GSTT1 gene (GSTT1+). Among the 48 reference workers, 17 were GSTM1+ and 31 were GSTT1+. Odds ratios for renal cell cancer were 2.7 for GSTM1+ individuals (95% CI, 1.18–6.33; P < 0.02) and 4.2 for GSTT1+ individuals (95% CI, 1.16–14.91; P < 0.05), respectively. The data support the present concept of the nephrocarcinogenicity of TRI. Received: 20 March 1997 / Accepted: 28 April 1997     

Glutathione transferase T1 and M1 genotype polymorphism in the normal population of Shanghai

Glutathione transferases are known to be important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics. In humans genetic polymorphisms have been reported for the hGSTM1 and hGSTT1 genes leading to individual differences in susceptibility towards toxic effects, such as cancer. This study describes the distribution of the two polymorphisms of hGSTT1 and hGSTM1 in the normal Chinese population of Shanghai. Out of 219 healthy individuals having been genotyped for GSTT1 and GSTM1, 108 (49%) were identified to be homozygously deficient for the GSTT1 gene and 107 (49%) for the GSTM1 gene. Received: 26 January 1998 / Accepted: 8 April 1998     

GSTT1、GSTM1基因多态性与大剂量甲氨蝶呤血药浓度及消化道黏膜损伤的关系研究

目的研究谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（Glutathione S-transferases,GSTs）家族中GSTT1、GSTM1基因多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿甲氨蝶呤（Methotrexate,MTX）血药浓度及消化道黏膜损伤的关系。方法筛选急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿98例,采用多重PCR技术分析GSTT1、GSTM1基因型,运用荧光偏振免疫分析法（FPIA）测定MTX血药浓度,同时观察患儿消化道黏膜损伤情况。结果大剂量甲氨蝶呤（3-5 g·m^-2）致消化道黏膜损伤的发生率为62.24%。相对于GSTT1基因非缺失型患儿,GSTT1基因缺失型患儿MTX 44 h血药浓度较高（P=0.003 9）。GSTM1基因型与甲氨蝶呤44 h血药浓度无明显相关。GSTT1、GSTM1两基因型均与甲氨蝶呤导致的消化道黏膜损伤无明显相关。结论 GSTT1、GSTM1基因多态性可能与MTX消化道黏膜损伤无关,尚不能作为预测HDMTX消化道黏膜损伤的遗传学标记。     

GSTM1、GSTT1及GSTP1(rs1695)基因多态性与乳腺癌蒽环和（或）紫杉类药物化疗血液毒性关系的研究

【摘要】目的 研究乳腺癌外周血中谷胱甘肽转硫酶（GST）M1、GSTT1和GSTP1（rs1695）基因多态性与乳腺癌患者采用蒽环类和（或）紫杉类药物化疗发生血液毒性的关系。方法 应用多重PCR技术（M-PCR）和高分辨熔解曲线技术（HRM）检测3个基因在252例女性乳腺癌患者外周血中的基因多态性。结果 采用紫杉类、蒽环联合紫杉类药物化疗,携带GSTP1(rs1695)AG/GG的患者是发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减低的危险因素(OR=6.111, 95%CI1.526~24.469, P＜0.05和OR=9.257, 95%CI2.903~29.522, P<0.01),而GSTM1(+)与GSTM1(-)、GSTT1(+)与GSTT1(-)患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ度血液毒性的发生率差异均无统计学意义;采用蒽环类药物化疗,GSTM1(+)和GSTM1(-)、GSTT1(+)和GSTT1(-)、GSTP1AA和GSTP1AG/GG患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ度血液毒性发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GSTP1(rs1695)基因多态性可作为预测乳腺癌患者采用紫杉类药物化疗发生中性粒细胞毒性的标志。     

Modulation of the GSTT1 activity by the GSTM1 phenotype in a sample of Italian farm-workers

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes catalyze nucleophilic attack by reduced Glutathione (GSH) on a variety of electrophilic compounds and play a central role in biotransformation of xenobiotics (Hayes et al., Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45:51–88, 2005). We performed a case–control study to evaluate the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and to investigate if exposure to pesticides conditions the GSTT1 activity level in 115 healthy controls and 90 farm-workers exposed to pesticides. Polymorphisms were investigated using a GSTM1 or a GSTT1-specific PCR. Enzyme activity was measured by means of DCM as co-substrate, as described by Bruhn et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 56:1189–1193, 1998). There was no significant difference between the farm-workers and the healthy controls regarding the distribution of various alleles of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the GSTT1 enzyme activity. In farm-workers, the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a significant increase of GSTT1 activity, suggesting a regulative mechanism common to GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes after exposure to xenobiotics.     

Polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 in a Turkish population

Intra-ethnic as well as inter-ethnic differences are known to exist in the frequencies of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with which associations have been shown for several cancers. In this study, CYP1A1 m2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were determined among 133 healthy individuals of a Turkish population. On the basis of polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) methodology, the frequency of CYP1A1 m2 mutation was determined. The multiplex PCR protocol was used to determine the frequency of the deleted genotypes of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. The frequencies of Ile/Ile (wild type), Ile/Val (heterozygous variant), and Val/Val (homozygous variant) CYP1A1 m2 genotypes were 90.2%, 9.8%, and 0%, respectively. The frequencies of the deleted GSTM1 (null) and GSTT1 (null) genotypes were 51.9% and 17.3%, respectively. These results show that the frequencies of the CYP1A1 m2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in a Turkish population are similar to Caucasian populations.     

Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, GSTM1/T1 polymorphisms and oxidative stress

Environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) is known to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal exposure to ETS and oxidative stress for neonates, as well as the effect of maternal genetic polymorphisms, glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1, on this relationship. We used the radioimmunoassay to measure the urinary concentration of cotinine in 266 pregnant women who denied smoking cigarettes during pregnancy and in their singleton babies. In addition, the urinary concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We also extracted DNA from whole blood obtained from the mothers and then conducted polymerase chain reaction on the samples to determine the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. The maternal cotinine concentration was found to be significantly associated with the fetal cotinine concentration, particularly for mothers whose urine cotinine concentrations were above 120 microg/gcr (p<0.01). The fetal urine cotinine concentration was also found to be significantly associated with the fetal urine MDA concentration (p<0.01). When the null type maternal GSTM1 or the wild type GSTT1 was present, the maternal oxidative stress level increased significantly as the maternal continine concentration increased (MDA: p<0.01; 8-OH-dG: p<0.01). No significant relationships were found between maternal cotinine and fetal oxidative stress markers, however, the fetal MDA levels increased significantly as fetal cotinine levels increased. These results suggest that the maternal exposure to ETS affects the fetal urine cotinine concentration and induces production of maternal oxidative stress. In addition, maternal genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may modify the oxidative stress by maternal exposure to ETS.     

Glutathione S-transferases mu 1, theta 1, pi 1, alpha 1 and mu 3 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal and gastric cancers in humans

INTRODUCTION: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are considered to be cancer susceptibility genes as they play a role in the detoxification of carcinogenic species. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of several GST polymorphisms on colorectal and gastric cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: GST mu1 (GSTM1), theta1 (GSTT1), pi1 (GSTP1), alpha1 (GSTA1) and mu3 (GSTM3) genotypes were determined in 144 colorectal cancer patients, 98 gastric cancer patients and 329 healthy control individuals. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer: the risk is greater for carriers of the GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-2.91), for carriers of the GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 2.34-5.62), and for simultaneous carriers of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes (OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 2.77-9.00). Carriers of the GSTP1 104 Val/Val genotype are at a lower risk (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.09-0.88). Among carriers of the GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype, smoking increases the risk compared with nonsmoking (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.11-4.99). Gastric cancer: the risk is greater for carriers of the GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.53-4.36) and for simultaneous carriers of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.62-6.77). Carriers of the GSTP1 104 Val/Val genotype are at a lower risk (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.02-0.86). DISCUSSION: The GSTT1 null genotype, particularly if it is associated with the GSTM1 null genotype, greatly increases the risk for colorectal and gastric cancers. The GSTP1 104 Val/Val genotype may protect from both malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that GST polymorphisms, in particular the GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null haplotype, can be considered low-penetrance genes for gastrointestinal cancer.     

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 and glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 polymorphisms in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) exhibits a variable phenotype even in carriers of the same adenomatous polyposis coli germline mutation. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as N-acetyltransferases (NATs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were reported to modify the individual risk for colorectal cancer. We examined whether the polymorphisms of the NAT2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 enzymes affect age at diagnosis of first colorectal adenomas or extracolonic manifestations in 411 FAP patients. Neither age at diagnosis of colorectal adenomas nor occurrence of extra-intestinal tumors differed significantly between genotypes at the NAT2 and GSTM1 loci, whereas GSTT1 polymorphism showed an uncertain association with extra-intestinal manifestations. Combinations of supposed at risk genotypes of the three enzymes showed no significant differences either. Thus, NAT2, GSTM1, or GSTT1 are unlikely to modify the disease phenotype in FAP patients.