慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的多因素分析

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)术后复发的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析171例CSDH患者的临床资料.结果 本组CSDH患者术后共有18例复发,复发率为10.5%.单因素χ＜'2＞检验显示CSDH术后复发与年龄、血肿密度、血肿位置、中线移位、Bender分级、脑萎缩分级、引流量和出血倾向相关(P＜0.05).与性别、麻醉方式和有无外伤史无关(P＞0.05).Logistic多因素分析显示年龄,血肿密度、中线移位、Bender分级、脑萎缩分级和出血倾向为CSDH患者术后复发危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 CSDH患者的年龄、血肿密度、中线移位、Bender分级和出血倾向与患者的预后密切相关,应针对复发的高危因素,做好相应的防治工作.     

锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的疗效。方法回顾性分析97例采用锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗的CSDH的临床资料。结果入院时Markwalder分级0~Ⅰ级56例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级41例;出院时0~Ⅰ级91例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级41例6例;出院时,Markwalder分级明显改善(P0.05)。85例出院后随访3个月,血肿复发1例,硬膜下少量积液1例,无死亡病例。结论锥颅外引流术联合尿激酶灌洗治疗CSDH,是一种安全可行、疗效显著、并发症少及复发率低的方法。     

神经内窥镜辅助手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨内窥镜技术在慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)手术治疗中的价值。方法 2008年1月~2012年12月,87例CSDH病人随机分为两组;内窥镜下冲洗引流组(n=42)和传统钻孔冲洗引流组(n=45),比较两组手术效果及术后并发症发生率。结果两组病例手术总有效率无显著差异,但两组恢复至Bender 0级的比率分别为80.0%和95.2%(P0.05)。传统手术组血肿复发9例(20.0%),内窥镜组血肿复发2例(5%),两组间术后血肿复发率有显著差异(P0.05)。结论内窥镜下手术治疗CSDH,效果好,降低了术后血肿复发率。     

慢性硬膜下血肿的CT影像学特征对其术后复发的影响

目的 研究CT影像学特征对慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后复发的影响及其之间的关系.方法 回顾分析272例经手术治疗的CSDH患者的临床资料.采用单因素分析CSDH的CT影像指标(血肿密度、厚度及中线结构移位)与其术后复发的关系;对单因素分析有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析CSDH复发的影响因素...     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的因素分析及微创治疗

目的探讨影响慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)术后复发的因素和诊疗方法。方法回顾近14a来经手术治疗的517例CSDH患者,并结合有关文献进行相关分析。结果术后复发16例,死亡3例,复发率和病死率分别为3.11%和0.58%。复发的16例患者平均年龄68.20岁。其中因服用抗凝剂复发5例,因术后大量颅内积气复发2例,CT高密度到混杂密度复发7例,CT等密度复发4例。结论凝血机制异常、术中冲洗出纤溶物质及纤维蛋白降解产物的程度、CT影像的密度为CSDH复发的影响因素。慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发应首选钻孔引流。     

慢性硬膜下血肿锥颅穿刺术后并发症原因分析

目的探讨分析YL-1型一次性血肿粉粹穿刺针治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后并发症的原因。方法回顾2003～2008年行锥颅穿刺手术治疗的83例CSDH患者的临床资料,并结合有关文献进行分析。结果术后出现并发症5例,发生率为6.0%.5例患者平均年龄69.6岁。其中因自身有免疫系统疾病血肿复发1例,CT检查示等密度到混杂密度者血肿复发2例,术后大量颅内积气1例,术后急性硬膜外血肿1例。结论患者的年龄、基础疾病、凝血机制异常、血肿的密度、术后积气和穿刺技术熟练程度是影响CSDH患者术后并发症的重要原因。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后复发的因素。方法回顾我科自2006年3月至2010年9月手术治疗243例CSDH患者的临床特点、影像学表现、手术方法及术后处理,Logistic回归分析术后复发相关因素。结果术后复发37例,复发率为15.23%。复发的37例患者平均年龄70岁。其中因凝血功能障碍复发者28例;头颅CT血肿为高密度者复发6例,等密度者复发14例,低密度者复发4例,混杂密度者复发13例;因术后大量颅内积气复发者3例;血肿位于单侧复发19例,双侧复发18例。结论患者的年龄,凝血功能障碍,血肿的性质、部位,术后颅内积气和引流量的多少影响CSDH患者的预后。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术前影像学分型和手术治疗

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）的术前影像学分型以及手术治疗。方法 自2008年1月至2014年3月收治CSDH患者246例,根据术前头颅CT、MRI特征分为5型:低密度型、等密度型、高密度型、混杂密度型及分隔型,并依据分型采用不同手术方式治疗。结果 本组效果良好（Markwalder分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级）率为93.5%,总并发症发生率为6.5%。低密度型术后5例血肿复发,等密度型1例复发,高密度型1例复发,混杂密度型3例复发;分割型发生癫痫1例。结论 根据CSDH患者术前影像学分型,选择合理的手术策略,并予以个体化治疗,对于治疗CSDH具有重要意义。     

高龄慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨高龄慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)钻孔引流术术后血肿复发的潜在危险因素。方法选择中国科学技术大学附属第一医院2015年4月～2017年6月之间接受钻孔引流术治疗的高龄CSDH患者129例,将其分为复发组和未复发组,对各变量进行单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析。结果 129例CSDH患者钻孔术后6个月内共有13例复发(10.08%)。通过单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析显示,患者的血肿类型(混杂密度型)、血肿厚度及糖尿病与CSDH钻孔术后复发有关;而血肿混杂密度型(P=0.019,OR=2.954)和糖尿病(P=0.011,OR=24.580)是CSDH钻孔引流术后复发的独立危险因素。结论混杂密度型血肿和糖尿病是高龄CSDH钻孔引流术术后复发的独立危险因素,可根据患者的具体临床特点提供个体化的治疗及随访方案,尽量提高高龄CSDH患者的生活质量。     

CT定量分析技术在诊治慢性硬膜下血肿的临床应用

目的使用CT定量分析技术研究围手术期慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)变化与术后血肿复发的相关性。方法本研究纳入54例CSDH病例,共含血肿64个。研究围手术期多项典型CT指标与术后血肿复发率之间的相关性。结果 11例病人(20.4%)出现术后血肿复发。术前血肿量较大(120 ml)和(或)出院前硬膜下残液量较大(22 ml)者术后复发率显著升高;而当硬膜下积液量小于上述阈值时,血肿不复发率分别为92.7%和95.2%。术前血肿宽度较大(15.1 mm)和(或)术后残余血肿腔宽度较大(11.7 mm)的CSDH病人术后复发率也明显上升。结论 CT定量容积分析技术证明术后血肿"自我吸收期"硬膜下残余积液量的变化是预测血肿复发的一种有效影像学指标。     

Tolerance and plasticity against the intracranial pressure in cases of chronic subdural hematoma in the aged brain

A consecutive series of 94 patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) was studied on compensation against intracranial pressure and tolerance, and plasticity from compression of CSDHs, comparing between 47 cases of the aged group over 70 years of age and 47 cases of the younger group under 69 years of age. Better compensation from compression of CSDHs in the aged group was demonstrated from the fact those of long duration from impact to onset of symptoms, few cases with signs of chronic intracranial hypertension and volume of hematoma over 100 ml. But, when CSDHs progressed over 100 ml in size, this compensation mechanism and also tolerance against increased intracranial pressure were deprived. Disturbance of consciousness and anisocoria were shown much more in the aged group on admission. Patients in the aged group demonstrated reduced brain reexpansion and poor clinical recovery during 3 months after surgery. CT performed on 3 months after surgery demonstrated persisting subdural fluid in 63% of cases in the aged group comparing with 8% of those in the younger group. There was significant difference about morbidity between two groups. These study suggests that the plasticity and elastance in the aged brain reduce because of brain atrophy and impairment of cerebral blood flow, then brain reexpansion and clinical improvement may participate in delay regardless of release from compression of CSDHs. It may be urged that the critical age maintaining the plasticity of the brain in cases with SDHs in 75 years of age.     

Quantitative assessment of brain shifting in the late phase postevacuation in unilateral and bilateral chronic subdural hematomas

Aim of the study: Recurrence is more common in bilateral chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) than in unilateral. Our aim was to quantitatively compare the late phase of brain shifting postevacuation in unilateral and bilateral CSDHs. Materials and Methods: We reviewed computed tomography (CT) scans and medical records of consecutive patients with CSDHs who underwent burr hole drainage. CT scan images (preoperative and postoperative days [PODs] 30 and 60) were imported to Adobe Photoshop, and temporal and spatial changes in brain shifting between PODs 30 and 60, and also the subdural space on POD 60, were analyzed. Results: The bilateral group exhibited a significantly greater late phase of brain shifting than the unilateral group between PODs 30 and 60 (P < 0.001). The median late phase of brain shifting of the bilateral group was 8.9 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.3–9.0 mm) between PODs 30 and 60, while that of the unilateral group was 1.8 mm (IQR: 1.3–2.5 mm). Conclusions: The postevacuation late phase of brain shifting is statistically greater in bilateral CSDHs than in unilateral CSDHs, which might facilitate bridging vein tearing and consequent rebleeding. This may be one factor accounting for the higher recurrence rate of bilateral CSDHs.     

Early post-operative seizures after burr-hole drainage for chronic subdural hematoma: correlation with brain CT findings.

The incidence of seizures in patients undergoing burr-hole crainiostomy with closed-system drainage for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is low. The post-operative use of anticonvulsants is, thus, controversial. In this study, we tried to correlate pre-operative computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the CSDH with the need for post-operative seizure prophylaxis. From April 1998 to November 2001, 128 cases of CSDH surgically treated at our hospital were studied. All patients underwent burr-hole craniostomy with closed system drainage. All CSDHs were classified as low-density, isodense, and mixed-density lesions according to CT findings. The incidence of early post-operative seizures (within 3 weeks of surgery) among all patients was 5.4% (7/128). In the subgroups by lesion density, the incidences were 6.2% (1/16) in the low-density group, 2.4% (2/83) in the isodense group, and 13.7% (4/29) in the mixed-density group (all p < 0.05). The mean age among the seven patients (five males and two females) who had seizures was 71 years. The locations of the CSDHs among the 128 patients were the left side of the brain in 53 (41.4%) patients, right side in 45 (35.2%), and bilateral in 30 (23.4%) patients. Among the seven patients who suffered from post-operative seizures, five (71.4%) had left side CSDHs, one (14.2%) had a right side CSDH, and one (14.2%) had bilateral CSDHs. We concluded that the post-operative seizure rate appeared high in the group with mixed-density type lesions on CT, and in those with left unilateral CSDH. We suggest the use of prophylactic anticonvulsants for patients with mixed-density lesions on pre-operative CT.     

重型颅脑损伤CT表现与预后关系分析

目的 介绍重型颅脑损伤CT分型方法,探讨其判断病情和预后的价值。方法 回顾208例重型颅脑损伤CT表现及相关临床资料,分析不同类型CT表现与病情和预后的关系。结果 本组病例在应用CT分型后CT显示的各型脑损伤部位、范围、轻重程度等对患者预后有显著影响。结论 CT分型具有早期判断重型颅脑损伤病情及预后的价值     

重度颅脑损伤术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效分析

目的 探讨急性重度颅脑损伤患者术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效。方法 2014年12月-2017年12月,我院行标准大骨瓣减压术的重型颅脑损伤患者356例,依据术中有无采用阶梯式减压技术,随机分成两组：阶梯式减压组（n=187）,传统减压组（n=169）,观察两组患者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后6个月时GOS评分并行统计分析。结果 阶梯式减压组急性脑膨出以及迟发性血肿的发生率低于传统减压组（P<0.05）;阶梯式减压组术后6个月时预后好于传统减压组（P<0.05）。结论 重型颅脑损伤患者术中采用阶梯式减压技术能够降低围术期并发症的发生,并能改善患者预后。     

中、老年人外伤性迟发性颅内血肿151例临床分析

目的 探讨中、老年外伤性迟发性颅内血肿(DTICH)临床特点、伴随危险因素及诊疗过程中注意问题。方法 回顾分析15l例中老年DTICH病例的临床和影像学资料。结果DTICH占中老年颅脑损伤病人的77．8％，死亡率为25．2％。结论 对于中老年颅脑损伤患应密切观察病情变化，警惕DTICH的发生，及时作出诊断、治疗。DTICH多出现于颅脑损伤后72h内或清除其它颅内血肿后突然出现，高峰期是伤后24h。     

一站式全脑动态容积 CTP-CTA 成像对颅脑损伤后脑血管痉挛的诊断价值

目的 探讨一站式全脑动态容积CT灌注成像(CTP)联合CT血管成像(CTA)成像在颅脑损伤后脑血管痉挛中的应用及临床意义.方法 50例可疑有症状性脑血管痉挛表现的患者接受一站式全脑动态容积成像,CTP检查结果与对侧镜像区进行比较.结果 50例颅脑损伤患者中48例患者CTP存在原脑损伤范围外的低灌注区,同临床症状相符,准确性达96%,同对侧镜像区进行比较,各参数脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及达峰时间(TTP)差异皆有统计学意义;50例颅脑损伤患者其中42例患者3D-CTA存在颅内大血管痉挛.结论 一站式全脑动态容积CTP-CTA成像技术应用于颅脑损伤后脑血管痉挛,通过CTP显示脑实质低灌注区以判断脑实质微循环血管痉挛的存在,CTA判断脑实质外大血管痉挛的存在,即CTP联合CTA对颅脑损伤后脑血管痉挛的早期诊断、治疗方案的选择、疗效的评估均有重要临床价值.     

颅脑损伤后顽固性脑膨出的原因及处理

目的：探讨颅脑损伤后顽固性脑膨出的原因及处理方法。方法：对25例颅脑损伤后顽固性脑膨出患的诊治经过作回顾性分析。结果：25例患，19例治愈，6例死亡。结论：颅脑损伤后顽固性脑膨出的原因是在水颅骨缺损的基础上同时合并有颅内感染或严重脑水肿，脑积水等引起的颅内压增高，有效运用药物和采取措施减轻脑水肿，解除脑积水，预防和控制感染以降低颅内压是解决颅脑损伤后顽固性脑膨出的有效方法。     

Two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with chronic subdural hematoma only treated with burr hole irrigation of the hematomas]

We reported two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) associated with bilateral chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The patients presented with severe positional headache, aggravated by sitting or standing. Neither spinal surgery nor lumbar-tap had been performed in these patients. They were diagnosed as SIH with bilateral CSDH. Headache was aggravated and CSDHs volume increased despite conservative therapy. However, after a burr hole irrigation of hematoma, not only CSDHs but also the symptoms with SIH were completely resolved and there was no recurrence. We demonstrated that burr hole irrigation for CSDH associated with SIH might completely resolve the SIH symptom in some cases, as in the present report. The mechanism of this phenomenon was discussed.     

重度颅脑损伤术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效分析

目的探讨急性重度颅脑损伤患者术中应用阶梯式减压技术的疗效。方法 2014年12月-2017年12月,我院行标准大骨瓣减压术的重型颅脑损伤患者356例,依据术中有无采用阶梯式减压技术,随机分成两组:阶梯式减压组(n=187),传统减压组(n=169),观察两组患者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后6个月时GOS评分并行统计分析。结果阶梯式减压组急性脑膨出以及迟发性血肿的发生率低于传统减压组(P 0.05);阶梯式减压组术后6个月时预后好于传统减压组(P 0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤患者术中采用阶梯式减压技术能够降低围术期并发症的发生,并能改善患者预后。