数字化导板引导髁突巨大骨软骨瘤手术切除1例报告

髁突外生型骨软骨瘤常采用手术切除,但切除范围多基于术者经验,易导致肿瘤复发或神经血管损伤。本文报道髁突巨大外生型骨软骨瘤1例,采用计算机辅助设计技术（Proplan 1.3软件）术前确定瘤体与髁突关节面边界,模拟设计手术入路、截骨平面及瘤体取出路径,并利用快速成型技术制作数字化截骨导板,于术中应用。该数字化导板可精确指导髁突巨大外生型骨软骨瘤切除并保护未受累髁突软骨面,避免神经血管损伤,节约手术时间。     

内镜辅助下手术治疗髁突骨软骨瘤临床体会

目的 :利用内镜辅助行下颌支垂直截骨提升术治疗髁突骨软骨瘤,探讨其应用范围及效果。方法 :选择2013-04—2015-05间收治的单侧髁突骨软骨瘤患者,术前进行临床资料采集、咬合关系、面形及影像学检查,对其中无正颌需求或颏点偏斜<3 mm且口内咬合稳定的患者,予以髁突肿物切除术及内镜辅助的下颌支后缘垂直截骨提升术治疗。术后临床检查关节、颌骨、咬合情况,并进行远期影像学随访。结果:共纳入5例患者,采用改良耳颞切口行开放性手术切除髁突顶部肿物,再利用内镜辅助行下颌骨支后缘垂直截骨提升术及坚固内固定,保持原下颌升支高度,其中1例患者附加下颌下缘外形修整术。术后病理提示均为髁突骨软骨瘤。术后5例患者完成随访,其颞下颌关节功能恢复良好,咬合及面型稳定,术后平均28.6个月的CT随访显示无肿瘤复发。结论:在切除髁突骨软骨瘤后,内镜辅助下颌骨升支后缘垂直截骨术,对于咬合轻度偏斜且无法进行正颌手术的髁突骨软骨瘤患者,是一种有效手术方案。该手术设计实现了切除肿物的同时,恢复保留颌骨及咬合关系,同时减小了创伤,是传统手术方案的有力补充。     

下颌升支后缘上移联合面部轮廓整形术同期治疗髁突骨软骨瘤及继发颌骨畸形

目的：研究在髁突骨软骨瘤患者病变髁突切除后,联合采用下颌升支后缘切开上移术和面部轮廓整形术同期治疗其继发颌骨畸形的手术效果,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法选择8例髁突骨软骨瘤的患者,全部采用病变髁突切除+下颌升支后缘切开上移术重建髁突+下颌轮廓整形手术,并辅助术后正畸或颌间结扎,同期治疗患者的髁突疾病及面部不对称问题。结果所有患者对术后效果都比较满意,患者面型不对称畸形、咬合及关节功能异常均得到很大改善,且随访期间髁突骨软骨瘤未见复发。结论髁突骨软骨瘤的病变髁突切除术后同期采用下颌升支后缘切开上移术+下颌轮廓整形手术的联合使用不仅可以摘除肿瘤,还可以有效的改善患者的面容,取得良好的治疗效果。     

计算机辅助下颌骨髁突外生性骨软骨瘤的手术切除

目的:利用计算机辅助设计(computer assisted designing,CAD)指导下颌骨髁突(mandibular condyle)外生性骨软骨瘤(exostosis osteochondroma)的瘤体切除,并评价其应用效果。方法:8例患者采用Surgicase CMF 5.0软件进行瘤体切除的术前设计。术后将CT数据与术前设计进行融合,并利用SAS8.0软件包对手术前、后髁突形态测量值进行配对t检验,评价手术效果。结果:8例患者瘤体均完整切除,术后髁突形态与术前设计吻合度高,平均误差为(1.82±1.25)mm。结论:计算机辅助设计可于术前合理选择截骨线部位,有助于肿瘤的完整切除及患侧正常部分髁突的保存。     

3D打印导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发复杂牙颌面畸形的手术治疗

目的:研究3D打印手术导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形同期矫治的临床可行性。方法:根据影像学资料,运用Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium 和Mimics软件进行虚拟外科手术设计并制作3D打印手术导板,指导髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形的手术矫治。通过对比模拟头颅模型与实际术后CT重建模型评估此方法的临床价值。结果:所有患者患侧关节功能、咬合关系以及颜面对称性都得到了良好的恢复。模拟术后模型与术后扫描重建模型对比中,中切牙与第一磨牙的误差均保持在1.4 mm以下,最大误差出现在颏部,约2.4 mm,显示了新方法的准确性。结论:结果显示虚拟外科手术设计和手术导板有助于髁突骨软骨瘤继发牙颌面畸形的准确诊断、治疗方案设计、准确截骨以及重置骨块。     

髁突骨软骨瘤的正颌外科治疗

目的 探讨正颌外科技术在髁突骨软骨瘤治疗中的应用效果。方法 利用正颌外科方法治疗12例髁突骨软骨瘤患者,进行Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术修正上颌骨,采用口内入路患侧升支垂直截骨术切除病变髁突,健侧行升支矢状切开术及颏成形术矫正咬合及偏斜。结果 12例患者术后面型均得到矫正,随访2年以上无1例复发。结论 利用正颌外科技术治疗髁突骨软骨瘤,可以避免常规口外切口面部留有的瘢痕,并在切除肿瘤的同时矫正了面型。     

口腔内入路髁突切除术的临床应用研究

目的探讨经口腔内入路行髁突切除术并重建颞下颌关节的可行性。方法经口腔内入路行患侧升支垂直截骨术,将带有髁突的近心骨段取出至体外,切除病变的髁突,再将近心骨段的余部重新植入重建颞下颌关节。自1998年至2006年共完成经口腔内入路的髁突切除术并重建颞下颌关节23例,其中髁突良性肥大2例;髁突骨软骨瘤13例;半侧颌骨肥大畸形6例;髁突陈旧性骨折2例,最大的髁突骨软骨瘤直径达5cm。部分患者同期经口腔内入路行正颌外科手术矫治伴发的面部不对称畸形。结果23例患者均顺利完成手术,术后伤口正常愈合,面颈部皮肤无疤痕遗留,无面神经受损症状出现,面部不对称畸形矫治效果良好。经平均4.5年的随访,术后开口度均达35mm,髁突骨软骨瘤及髁突肥大均未见复发。结论自口腔内入路切除病变髁突并重建颞下颌关节,避免了常规口外入路时,术后皮肤遗留斑痕和易损伤面神经的缺点。     

CAD/CAM技术在游离腓骨瓣移植重建下颌骨中的应用

目的:探讨在游离腓骨瓣移植重建下颌骨中应用CAD/CAM技术的方法,并尝试将计算机中的辅助设计准确的转化为手术中的实际操作.方法:为8 位下颌骨缺损患者进行了CAD/CAM血管化游离腓骨瓣移植修复,通过螺旋CT扫描获取缺损区及腓骨的数据,在软件中进行缺损区修复的模拟设计,在此基础上完成手术辅助导板的设计,利用快速成型机加工制作出导板实物,利用导板顺利的完成手术.结果:术中移植腓骨截取长度合适,截骨、塑形、定位速度明显加快,术后患者面部外形两侧对称,影像学检查显示下颌骨缺损区域的重建形态及固位良好.结论:游离腓骨瓣移植修复下颌骨缺损中应用CAD/CAM技术,能够降低手术难度,缩短手术时间,提高手术质量,保证手术效果.     

人工颞下颌关节治疗关节强直的效果分析

目的 应用并评价Biomet标准型人工颞下颌关节假体治疗关节强直的效果。方法 回顾2013—2015年收治的颞下颌关节强直患者,采用计算机辅助设计和制作技术,设计并制作强直骨球切除和Biomet标准型人工颞下颌关节假体安放导板,术中应用下颌下切口取出的皮下游离脂肪移植于髁突假体周围,预防异位成骨。对于合并严重颌骨畸形的患者,采用人工关节假体延长前徙下颌支及Le Fort I型截骨术,数字化板辅助固定的方法同期矫正颌骨畸形。术后进行1年以上的临床和CT随访,评价开口度、咬合稳定性,以及假体周围有无异位成骨和假体与骨的结合情况。结果 11例患者15侧关节纳入研究,其中4例患者行下颌骨延长及颏后缩畸形纠正术。术后平均随访22.9个月（12~31个月）,无假体感染、断裂和松动。患者开口度显著改善（术前平均5.5 mm,术后31.5 mm,P<0.05）。4例患者气道显著增宽。CT显示假体固定螺钉周围无骨吸收,人工髁突头周围无异位成骨。结论 人工颞下颌关节假体是治疗关节强直,特别是复发性强直的可靠方法,可同时纠正颌骨畸形,效果稳定。     

数字化技术辅助颌骨截骨及颌面修复的临床应用

目的:将系列数字化导板用于上下颌骨截骨及修复,实现上、下颌骨缺损的个体化精确修复。方法:15例上颌骨次全切除及下颌骨节段性截骨的患者,男性9例,女性6例,均行术前规划,并3D打印数字化导板,术中分别应用即刻赝复体修复上颌骨缺损,同期血管化腓骨瓣移植修复下颌骨缺损。术中使用导航验证截骨范围,术后利用图像融合技术评价术后效果。结果:导板术中就位顺利,截骨范围与术前设计基本一致。即刻赝复体能顺利戴入,重建钛板及髁突位置准确,面型及咬合关系恢复良好。术后图像融合显示,15例上/下颌骨截骨实际手术与虚拟手术平均偏差,平均为(0.43±0.10) mm。结论:数字化系列导板能够在术中准确还原术前设计,减少手术时间;其与手术导航相辅相成,能实现颌骨个体化、精确化的截骨及颌面缺损修复。     

CAD/CAM联合游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复双侧下颌骨大范围骨缺损

目的:探讨恢复双侧下颌骨大范围骨缺损的解剖外形、重建患者咬合功能的有效方法。方法:对病变累及双侧下颌骨、需进行(或已进行)节段性骨切除术的15例患者行术前CT扫描,提取扫描数据,采用CAD/CAM快速原型技术行数字化颅颌面骨三维重建和下颌骨实体模型打印。在实体模型上设计截骨区间和钛网外形,数控成型机冲压钛网,使预成钛网与缺损区下颌骨外形完全一致。切取腓骨肌皮瓣,血管化游离移植联合预成钛网植入完成下颌骨缺损的修复重建。结果:15例患者腓骨肌皮瓣全部存活,创口愈合良好,下颌骨解剖外形包括自然弧度、曲率和高度恢复满意,同期修复者手术前后容貌无明显变化。结论:CAD/CAM快速原型技术联合游离腓骨肌皮瓣移植修复双侧下颌骨大范围节段性骨缺损,不仅可以最大限度地重建下颌骨的自然外形,维持患者容貌,也为种植体植入及咬合功能重建创造了良好条件。     

A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides

The maxilla is usually positioned during orthognathic surgery using surgical splints, which has many limitations. In this preliminary study we present a new computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) template to guide the osteotomy and the repositioning, and illustrate its feasibility and validity. Six patients with dental maxillofacial deformities were studied. The design of the templates was based on three-dimensional surgical planning, including the Le Fort osteotomy and the repositioning of the maxilla, and were made using a three-dimensional printing technique. Two parts of the templates, respectively, guided the osteotomy and repositioned the maxilla during operation. The traditional occlusal splint was used to achieve the final occlusion with the mandible in the expected position. Postoperative measurements were made between maxillary hard tissue landmarks, relative to reference planes based on computed tomographic (CT) data. The results of the measurements were analysed and compared with the virtual plan. The preliminary results showed that we achieved clinically acceptable precision for the position of the maxilla (<1.0 mm). Preoperative preparation time was reduced to about 145 min. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. Our CAD/CAM templates provide a reliable method for transfer of maxillary surgical planning, which may be a useful alternative to the intermediate splint technique. Our technique does not require traditional model surgery, scanning of dental casts, or recording of the CAD/CAM splint.     

髁突骨软骨瘤及其继发牙颌面畸形的治疗

骨软骨瘤属于良性肿瘤,髁突是颌面部骨软骨瘤易受累的部位.髁突骨软骨瘤主要表现为关节区肿块、关节功能异常,常继发不对称性牙颌面畸形.手术仍是治疗的主要方法.手术应彻底切除肿瘤、重建关节功能、纠正错畸形以获得稳定良好的口颌系统功能.同时应矫正其异常和畸形容貌,以达到功能与形态俱佳的效果,常需以多种手术结合为主的综合治疗方案.本文从髁突骨软骨瘤的病因、临床特点、影像学特点、治疗目标和手术方式等方面对该病的诊治作一系统论述.     

下颌支后缘垂直切开上移重建髁突治疗骨软骨瘤

目的:评价下颌支后缘垂直骨切开术用于治疗髁突骨软骨瘤的临床效果.方法:对我院2004-2009年间9例应用髁突切除术及带蒂下颌支后缘上移重建髁突治疗髁突骨软骨瘤的患者进行随访,并通过影像学、咬合关系及颞下颌关节功能进行综合评估.结果:经过至少8个月的随访,所有患者髁突重建后的咬合关系、面形及关节功能均恢复良好.影像学检...     

Evaluation of treatment with unilateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy and maxillary osteotomy in patients with condylar osteochondroma and mandibular asymmetry: A retrospective case series

The aim of the study was to describe an approach where condylar resection with condylar neck preservation was combined with Le Fort I osteotomy and unilateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO).Patients with a unilateral condylar osteochondroma combined with dentofacial deformity and facial asymmetry who underwent surgery between January 2020 and December 2020 were enrolled. The operation included condylar resection, Le Fort I osteotomy and contralateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Simplant Pro 11.04 software was used to reconstruct and measure the preoperative and postoperative craniomaxillofacial CT images. The deviation and rotation of the mandible, change in the occlusal plane, position of the “new condyle” and facial symmetry were compared and evaluated during follow-up. Three patients were included in the present study. The patients were followed up for 9.6 months on average (range, 8–12). Immediate postoperative CT images showed that the mandible deviation and rotation and occlusion plane canting decreased significantly postoperatively; facial symmetry was improved but still compromised. During the follow-up, the mandible gradually rotated to the affected side, the position of the “new condyle” moved further inside toward the fossa, and both the mandible rotation and facial symmetry were more significantly improved.Within the limitations of the study it seems that for some patients a combination of condylectomy with condylar neck preservation and unilateral mandibular SSRO can be effective in achieving facial symmetry.     

个体化钛金属修复体即刻修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的:探讨一种基于CT三维重建及计算机辅助设计和制造技术(CAD/CAM)的个体化下颌骨即刻重建的方法。方法:术前在CT扫描并三维重建基础上,应用计算机辅助制造技术制作个体化钛金属假体,为6例因下颌骨造釉细胞瘤而接受一侧下颌骨截骨术患者进行了即刻下颌骨重建手术,观察术后面部外型、咬合关系以及开口度。结果:所有手术均按照术前设计一次成功完成假体植入,创口全部一期愈合,外形恢复良好,咬合关系正常,4例张口度达到3.5 cm.2例则出现中等程度的张口受限,张口度约2.0 cm,总体效果满意。结论:基于CT与计算机数字化处理辅助制作的个体化钛金属下颌骨假体即刻植入术,避免了自体骨移植带来的创伤和损失,可修复一侧下颌骨较大的骨缺损,外形恢复好。     

Computer-assisted surgical planning and simulation for condylar reconstruction in patients with osteochondroma

We describe the use of computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning in condylar reconstruction by vertical ramus osteotomy for patients with osteochondroma, and its clinical effects. Seventeen patients with osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle who were seen from March 2005 to March 2009 were divided into 2 groups treated by condylectomy and condylar reconstruction using vertical sliding osteotomy of the mandibular ramus with and without three-dimensional simulation using Surgicase CMF Materialise software. Clinical examination, radiographs, photographs, and details of operation and outcome were used postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects of the technique. Satisfactory mouth opening was achieved in all cases. Mean (SD) osteotomy and fixation time, duration of intermaxillary fixation, and degree of postoperative numbness of the lower lip were considerably reduced among patients who had three-dimensional simulation. The combined use of computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation with vertical ramus osteotomy to reconstruct the condyle for patients with osteochondroma after excision of the tumour makes the operation more accurate and more convenient, and avoids damage to vital structures.