帕金森病痴呆与阿尔茨海默病认知障碍特点分析

目的 分析帕金森病痴呆(PDD)与阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的认知障碍特点.方法 采用语义流畅性、语音流畅性、动作流畅性测验与物品和动作命名测验评定PDD组(30例)、AD组(30例)与对照组(60例)患者临床情况.结果 PDD组语义流畅性测验总分(9.33±2.78)分、语音流畅性测验总分(6.17±1.67)分、动作流畅性测验总分(7.03±2.34)分,AD组分别为(6.90±2.47)分、(7.87±2.01)分、(8.30±3.17)分;PDD组物件命名测验总分(36.33±3.39)分、动作命名测验总分(17.63±2.17)分,AD组分别为(33.23±3.56)分与(22.33±2.37)分.与对照组比较,PDD与AD患者三项言语流畅性与物品和动作命名均受损(P＜0.01).其中,PDD患者以语音流畅性、动作流畅性与动作命名损害为重,而AD患者以语义流畅性与物件损害为重(P＜0.01).结论 PDD与AD患者均存在执行功能障碍与命名损害,PDD是一种伴有皮质功能损害以额叶皮质下功能障碍为主要特点的认知损害性疾病,而AD亦存在皮质下功能障碍.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the characterization of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Methods Cognitive function was examined in Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) patients ( n = 30) , Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients ( n = 30) and healthy elderly control subjects ( n = 60) . Neuropsychological evaluation contained semantic fluency test, phonemic fluency test, action fluency test, objective and action naming tests. Results In PDD group , the score of semantic fluency test is 9. 33 ±2. 78, 6. 17 ± 1.67 of phonemic fluency test and 7.03 ±2. 34 of action fluency test,it is 6.90 ±2.47, 7.87±2.01,8.30±3. 17 of AD group. The score of objective and action naming tests is 36.33 ±3.39, 17.63 ±2. 17 in PDD group,while AD patients is 33.23 ±3.56 and 22.33 ±2.37. The verbal fluency tests and naming tests were impaired in PDD and AD patients compared with the healthy elderly control group (P ＜ 0. 01 ), phonemic fluency, action fluency and action naming were more impaired in PDD patients compared with the AD group , while semantic fluency and objective naming were more impaired in AD patients (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Executive function deficit and naming impairment are found in PDD and AD patients, it shows that PDD is characterized by the addition of cortical dysfunction upon a predominant and progressive fronto-subcortical impairment. There is subcortical dysfunction in AD patients.     

早发和晚发遗忘型轻度认知损害与阿尔茨海默病的神经心理学比较研究

目的:比较早发性与晚发性阿尔茨海默病(AD)、早发性和晚发性遗忘型轻度认知损害(aMCI)的神经心理学表现。方法:记忆障碍门诊患者根据首诊年龄分组,70岁为晚发组。接受简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、听觉词语学习测验(AVMT)、逻辑记忆测验(LM)、斯特鲁普(Stroop)色词测验(CWT)、Rey-Osterrich复杂图形测验(CFT)、言语流畅性测验(VFT)、连线测验(TMT)、画钟测验(CDT)等。结果:共257例患者,分为4组,分别为早发AD34例,晚发AD78例,早发aMCI58例,晚发aMCI87例;早发、晚发AD间大部分神经心理学表现相似;早发aMCI患者在大部分测验上的表现优于晚发患者,听觉词语延迟回忆、言语流畅性、TMTB耗时等项目的差异最为显著(P<0.01)。晚发aMCI患者逻辑记忆即刻、延迟回忆更佳。结论:早发与晚发AD认知损害较为相似,晚发aMCI患者的认知损害较早发aMCI患者更为弥漫。     

帕金森病痴呆的相关研究进展

<正>帕金森病(PD)是仅次于阿尔茨海默病(AD)常见的神经系统变性疾病,常伴发多种非运动症状。认知障碍和痴呆是PD最为常见的非运动症状之一,多数PD患者晚期会进展为痴呆,称为PD痴呆(PDD)。这已成为影响PD患者生活质量,增加致残率和病死率,加重照料者负担,增加医疗费用最主要的方面。PD认知障碍和痴呆已是该领域的研究热点,不断有新的研究成果发表,我们对PDD近年的相关研究     

言语流畅性测验预测非痴呆型血管性认知损害转归的研究

目的研究言语流畅性测验(VFT)对非痴呆型血管性认知损害(VCIND)是否进展的诊断价值。方法应用VFT、简明精神状态量表(Mini-Mental Status Examination,MMSE)对41例VCIND患者进行4年随访检测,根据临床痴呆量表(Clinical Dementia Rating,CDR)分为三组,分别为好转组、无变化组和进展组。结果好转组的言语流畅性测验基线得分为动物(13.46±3.23)分,水果(10.15±3.21)分,蔬菜(10.46±3.28)分,随访得分为动物(13.91±5.52)分,水果(10.22±2.67)分,蔬菜(9.56±2.70)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);进展组的言语流畅性测验基线得分为动物(12.83±2.89)分,水果(9.50±2.94)分,蔬菜(9.25±3.31)分,随访得分为动物(11.08±2.11)分,水果(7.54±1.92)分,蔬菜(7.31±2.09)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论言语流畅性测验预测非痴呆型血管性认知损害的转归,其敏感性不理想。     

阿尔茨海默病的执行功能障碍与ApoE基因相关性研究

目的了解阿尔茨海默病(AD)的执行功能障碍的临床特征以及与ApoE基因多态性的相关性。方法采用简易痴呆筛选量表(MMSE)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、Fuld物体记忆测验(FOM)、词语流畅性测验(RVR)、日常生活行为量表(ADL)、画钟测验(CDT)及Hachinski缺血积分量表等认知功能测评及ApoE基因检查。结果认知功能检查显示:AD患者的记忆、执行功能、计算力较健康对照组有显著性差异,结合ApoE基因检查显示带有e4者认知功能损害更明显。结论AD的认知功能较健康对照组明显减退,且带有ApoEε4者损害更严重。ε4是AD的风险基因。     

痴呆病人同型半胱氨酸水平与痴呆程度及类型的相关性研究

目的探讨痴呆病人血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与痴呆程度及痴呆类型间的关系。方法对江苏省人民医院425例入院病人进行Hcy水平测定,分为痴呆组(106例)与非痴呆组(319例);痴呆程度分为轻度、中度、重度,依据痴呆类型分为阿尔茨海默病(AD)组36例、血管性痴呆(VD)组33例、帕金森病痴呆(PDD)组30例,其他痴呆类型7例排除。结果痴呆组血浆Hcy水平明显高于非痴呆组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Hcy水平与简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)评分呈负相关(r=-0.46,P0.05);痴呆类型中VD组血浆Hcy水平高于AD组、PDD组(P0.05),AD组与PDD组比较血浆Hcy水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高Hcy血症(HHcy)是痴呆的一个高危因素且与痴呆程度有关,Hcy水平对VD病人的影响明显高于AD病人、PDD病人。     

阿尔茨海默病和帕金森痴呆患者脑脊液中tau蛋白和β淀粉样蛋白水平的研究

目的探讨在阿尔茨海默病(AD)和帕金森痴呆(PDD)患者脑脊液(CSF)中tau蛋白和β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-42)的水平及临床意义。方法同时将符合美国国立神经病、语言障碍和脑卒中研究所-老年性痴呆及相关性疾病协会的“很可能AD”标准的22例AD组患者与20例PDD组患者和21例性别、年龄相匹配的无中枢神经系统疾患、无痴呆表现的心理疾病患者作为对照组(NC组)进行研究。结果3组CSF中tau蛋白平均浓度比较,AD组明显高于NC组(P<0.05);AD组与PDD组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。3组CSF中A1β-42平均浓度比较,AD组明显低于NC组(P<0.05),PDD组与NC组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论AD患者CSF中tau蛋白和Aβ1-42浓度变化是其重要的实验室表现,可以作为AD的辅助诊断指标和与PDD早期鉴别诊断的可能生物学指标。     

原发性帕金森病患者血浆IGF-1检测的临床意义

目的　探讨帕金森病患者血浆胰岛素样生长因子 -1( IGF-1)变化的临床意义。方法　选择帕金森病患者 64例 ,其中帕金森病非痴呆 ( PD)者 3 4例 ( PD组 ) ,帕金森病痴呆 ( PDD)者 3 0例 ( PDD组 ) ;另设正常对照组 3 5例。应用放射免疫法测定各组血浆 IGF-1水平。结果　与对照组比较 ,PD组及 PDD组患者血浆 IGF-1水平显著下降 ( t=2 .46,P<0 .0 5;t=4.94,P<0 .0 0 1) ,PDD组下降尤其明显 ;PDD组血浆 IGF-1水平明显低于 PD组 ( t=2 .0 1,P<0 .0 5)。结论　血浆 IGF-1水平变化在帕金森病及伴发痴呆的发病中起一定作用 ;血浆 IGF-1水平愈低 ,患者的认知损害程度愈重 ;神经营养支持的缺乏可能是帕金森病患者脑部多巴胺能和胆碱能神经元变性的原因之一。     

伴发抑郁症的帕金森病患者执行功能的神经心理学研究

目的探讨伴发抑郁症的帕金森病(PD)患者执行功能的特点及抑郁症对PD患者认知功能的影响。方法对2004—2006年在第三军医大学大坪医院门诊和病房就诊的伴发抑郁症的PD患者(PDD组)36例,PD非抑郁症患者(PDND组)44例,进行整体认知功能和执行功能的评定。执行功能评定包括:Stroop字色干扰测验(SCWT)、画钟测验(CDT)和快速语词流畅性测验(RVR)。普通心理学测验:抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)。结果PDD组痴呆发生率为64%(23/36),PDND组痴呆发生率为34%(15/44),经卡方检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。进行相关分析结果显示,SDS和HAMD评分结果具有显著正相关,SDS及HAMD与执行功能测验结果具有相关性,与年龄、MDRSPD评分、Webster评分、Hoehn-Yahr分期、ADL无明显相关(P>0.05)。结论抑郁症对执行功能有显著的影响,伴发抑郁症的PD患者认知功能下降显著,对PD伴发抑郁症的识别和评估是治疗PD的一个重要组成部分,对PD伴发的抑郁症进行治疗可能会改变认知功能障碍。     

三种轻度认知功能障碍患者的病情转归

目的：观察三种轻度认知功能障碍（ MCI ）患者的病情转归情况。方法76例MCI患者,根据认知功能障碍程度分为单纯记忆损害（SMI）21例（SMI组）、多领域认知功能损害（MD-MCI）43例（MD-MCI组）、单纯非记忆功能认知受损（NMI）12例（NMI组）,观察随访3 a后,比较三组患者的认知功能及病情转归情况。结果3 a后MCI患者认知功能减退明显,MD-MCI组MMSE评分、词语延迟回忆评分、数字广度倒数评分、言语流畅性评分、画钟实验评分、本顿视觉保持正确评分均明显低于SMI组、NMI组（P均＜0．05）;MD-MCI组进展为阿尔茨海默病（AD）19例,其他类型痴呆4例,AD及痴呆发病率为53．5％;SMI组AD发病率为19．0％（4/21）;NMI组痴呆发病率为25％;MD-MCI组AD及痴呆发病率与SMI组、NMI组相比,P均＜0．05。 SMI组2例、NMI组3例认知状态恢复正常。结论不同类型的MCI转归不同,MD-MCI型较SMI型、NMI型认知功能损害重,3 a后AD及痴呆发病率高。     

Risk of cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease

Abundant scientific evidence supporting an association between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and venous thromboembolic events, caused by an IBD related hypercoagulability, is acknowledged and thromboprophylactic treatment strategies are now implemented in the management of IBD patients. In contrary, the risk of arterial thromboembolic disease, as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events, and mesenteric ischemia in patients with IBD remains uncertain and the magnitude of a potentially increased risk is continuously debated, with ambiguous risk estimates among studies. The evident role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis forms the basis of a biological plausible link; the chronic systemic inflammation in IBD patients increases the risk of atherosclerosis and thereby the risk of thrombotic events. Further, studies have shown that the burden of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia is lower in IBD populations, thus further strengthen the role of non-traditional risk factors, as chronic inflammation in the linking of the two disease entities. Likewise, mortality from cardiovascular disease in IBD remains questioned. The aim of the current review is to give an up-date on the existing evidence of the possible association between IBD and cardiovascular disease and to discuss traditional and non-traditional risk factors.     

先天性巨结肠类缘病的治疗探讨

目的探讨先天性巨结肠类缘病(HAD)的治疗方法。方法分析7例HAD患儿的治疗方案。术前或术中明确诊断的4例HAD患儿中,1例行根治性手术,1例行延期根治性手术,1例根治性手术后继续保守治疗,1例行肠造瘘术后等待根治术时机;3例按先天性巨结肠(HD)行根治术,术后复习病理切片才明确诊断,及时随诊,2例分别在首次术后3个月和8个月再行根治术,1例继续扩肛治疗。结果7例HAD患儿排便情况满意。结论根治手术对HAD治疗至关重要,保守治疗是HAD治疗的必要补充。     

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and respiratory disease

Abstract An epidemiological survey showed that respiratory symptoms with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) were twice as high as those without GER symptoms. In 46 cases of unknown chronic cough or asthma, 67% had positive oesophageal pH monitoring. Of 34 patients with snoring and reflux symptoms, 16 (47.1%) were confirmed as positive for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and GER. Anti-reflux therapy significantly improved both GER and OSA.     

Increased incidence of Parkinson disease among relatives of patients with Gaucher disease

In a previous study of 99 Ashkenazi Jewish patients with Parkinson disease from Israel who were tested for the six most common mutations for Gaucher disease, 31.3% had at least one Gaucher disease mutation, implying that carrier status per se my be a risk for Parkinson disease. The purpose of this survey was to ascertain the presence of Parkinson disease among Ashkenazi Jewish obligate carriers of Gaucher disease relative to its incidence in a comparable cohort of Ashkenazi Jews who are putatively non-carriers. There was no statistically significant difference in gender or age between the groups (n>100). Among patients, 27.3% reported having a relative with Parkinson disease while among the controls there was a reported 12.3% which was statistically significant (P=0.05). While based completely on subjective reports in a paper-base questionnaire, the results of this survey implicate a high rate of Parkinson disease among individuals with Gaucher disease mutations.     

肺心病合并冠心病心电图分析

目的探讨肺心病合并冠心病心电图的特点。方法回顾我院住院病例选择肺心病和肺心病合并冠心病各120例均行同步十二导联心电图检查,必要时进行24 h动态心电图检查对比心电图的变化。结果肺心病合并冠心病组(合并组)比肺心病组心电图改变明显,两者有显著差异结论心电图及动态心电图的某些特殊改变能提示肺心病合并冠心病。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关心血管疾病的发病机制

非酒精性脂肪性肝病也称为代谢相关脂肪性肝病,是全球最为常见的慢性肝病。研究发现非酒精性脂肪性肝病与心血管疾病的风险增加有关,并且非酒精性脂肪性肝病本身是心血管疾病的独立危险因素。鉴于非酒精性脂肪性肝病与心血管疾病的密切关联,文章综述了连接非酒精性脂肪性肝病与心血管疾病的病理生理机制,为临床非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者心血管疾病的诊治提供了思路。     

Report: Association of coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease in chile

This study analyzes the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD) in Chile. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients referred to cardiac catheterization with VHD who were over age 50 years and who had angina or ECG signs of ischemia. A total of 100 patients entered the study. Significant CAD (greater than 50% obstruction) was found in 14% of the cases: 7% in patients with mitral valve disease (MVD), 18% in aortic valve disease (AVD), and 21% in combined mitral and aortic valve disease (MAVD). Angina was present in 14% of the patients with MVD, 63% with AVD, and 53% with MAVD. Only 57% of patients with CAD had angina pectoris; 20% with angina had CAD. Hemodynamic parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were not correlated with the presence or absence of CAD. We conclude that in patients with valvular heart disease, the incidence of CAD is lower in Chile than previously reported in the English literature. We confirmed the fact that angina is often not associated with CAD, and that CAD is often present in the absence of angina.     

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease

AIM:To clarify whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.METHODS:We carried out a prospective observational study with a total of 1637 apparently healthy Japanese men and women who were recruited from a health check-up program.NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography.The metabolic syndrome(MS)was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)ATP Ⅲ criteria.Five years after the baseline evaluations,the incidence of cardiovascular disease was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire.RESULTS:Among 1221 participants available for outcome analyses,the incidence of cardiovascular disease was higher in 231 subjects with NAFLD at baseline(5 coronary heart disease,6 ischemic stroke,and 1 cerebral hemorrhage)than 990 subjects without NAFLD(3 coronary heart disease,6 ischemic stroke,and 1 cerebral hemorrhage).Multivariate analyses indicated that NAFLD was a predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of conventional risk factors(odds ratio 4.12,95% CI,1.58 to 10.75,P = 0.004).MS was alsoindependently associated with cardiovascular events.But simultaneous inclusion of NAFLD and MS in a multivariate model revealed that NAFLD but not MS retained a statistically significant correlation with cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSION:Although both of them were predictors of cardiovascular disease,NAFLD but not MS retained a statistically significant correlation with cardiovascular disease in a multivariate model.NAFLD is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and may play a central role in the cardiovascular risk of MS.     

Significant association between score of periodontal disease and coronary artery disease

Recently, several researchers have demonstrated the association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we herein investigate the association between periodontal diseases and the existence of CAD among the study population who received both coronary angiography and dental examination. A total of 174 consecutive patients with dental examination including radiography and coronary angiography in the same hospitalization were recruited (64.5 ± 10.3 years, M/F: 94/80). A dentist assessed severity of periodontal status markers (bleeding on probing, probing depth ≥6 mm, teeth lost, alveolar bone resorption >half of root length by radiography and smoking status). We divided these patients into two groups according to whether they had CAD (CAD group, n = 99) or not (non-CAD group, n = 75) according to the results of coronary angiography. The composite periodontal risk scores calculated from periodontal status markers were higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group (P = 0.02). The composite periodontal scores were higher in the CAD group of age <60 years old population (P = 0.03) and in the CAD group of patients with normal glucose tolerance (P = 0.04). However, the difference was not significant in the age ≥60 years old population or those with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. In all populations, hypertension, glucose tolerance, statin therapy, and composite of periodontal risk scores were associated with CAD. Multivariate analyses revealed statin therapy, glucose tolerance, and periodontal risk scores were independent and significant risk factors for CAD. Composite periodontal risk scores were independent and significant predictive factors for CAD.