肝动脉插管+B超引导下经皮经肝门静脉穿刺化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌15例报告

目的 :探讨肝动脉插管联合经皮肝穿刺选择性门静脉化疗栓塞 (TACE SPVE)治疗不能手术的中晚期肝癌的效果。方法 :对不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌 15例在TACE术后 1周 ,行超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺选择性门静脉化疗栓塞。结果 :TACE SPVE 15例共行 4 9次 ,治疗后肿瘤缩小 13例 ,AFP转阴 5例 ,二期手术 3例 ,1例肿瘤缩小 80 % ,AFP转阴。 1年生存率 80 % (8/ 10 )。结论 :TACE SPVE是治疗不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌的有效方法。     

经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇配合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的 研究B超引导下经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇（percutaneous ethanol injection,PEI)配合肝动脉化疗栓塞术（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 原发性肝癌87例,其中TACE组45例,TACE＋PEI组42例。结果 TACE组1,2,3年生存率分别为66．7％、41．2％和21．4％,组织学检查仅26．1％的病变完全坏死;TACE＋PEI组1,2,3年生存率分别为97．1％、85．7％和65．7％,组织学检查81．8％的病变完全坏死。两组间在生存率和肿瘤完全坏死率间差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 对于原发性肝癌,TACE＋PEI疗效优于单纯TACE,是一种较好的综合治疗方法。     

经皮肝瘤内注入无水乙醇结合TACE治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的　评估B超引导下经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇结合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的时机选择与疗效。方法　对 52例中晚期原发性肝癌采用B超引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注射无水乙醇 (PEI) +肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术 (TACE)治疗并与同期 58例单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (对照组 )比较。结果　治疗组的肿瘤缩小率、AFP下降、Karnofsky评分、0 .5年、1年累计生存率明显优于对照组。结论　PEI+TACE为中晚期原发性肝癌较好的一种综合治疗方法     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮肝穿注射无水酒精治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效分析

目的：探讨中晚期肝细胞癌的有效治疗方法。方法：应用肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）、部分联用B超引导下经皮肝穿注射无水酒精（PEI），治疗55例不能切除的肝细胞癌患者。结果；TACE组，肿瘤缩小＞50％者25．0％（7／28）。一年、二年生存率分别为53．6％（15／28）、40％（10／25）；TACE＋PEI组，肿瘤缩小＞50％者51．9％（14／27），一、二年生存率分别为96．3％（26／27）、76．0％（19／25）。结论：本组资料提示TACE联合PEI可明显提高治疗效果。     

乙酸灭活治疗结合介入治疗原发性肝癌的初步疗效

目的　探讨乙酸灭活治疗 (PEI)结合肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法　 8例肝癌患者采用PEI+TACE(综合组 ) ,15例采用单纯TACE(对照组 )。PEI是CT引导下将 19G穿刺针插入肝癌结节 ,将 4 0 %乙酸 6～ 12ml+优维显 0 .1～ 1ml混合剂直接注入肿块 ,共 2～ 4次。TACE是将氟尿嘧啶10 0 0～ 12 5 0mg和羟基喜树碱 2 0～ 30mg注入动脉 ,再将卡铂 5 0～ 6 0mg与超液化碘油 10～ 30ml充分混合后注入 ,再用 1～ 2mm明胶海绵颗粒栓塞肝动脉 ,2组TACE均 1～ 3次。结果　综合组近期有效率 (CR +PR)为 75 % ,对照组为 2 6 .7% ,两组差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =4 .95 ,P <0 .0 5 )结论　PEI +TACE治疗不宜手术的原发性肝癌初步疗效较好 ,但还需加大样本量研究。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮无水乙醇注射治疗肝癌的长期疗效观察

背景与目的肝癌的介入治疗中,经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheterarterialchemoembolization,TACE)与经皮无水乙醇注射(percutaneousethanolinjection,PEI)是开展最广泛、效果最显著的两项治疗措施。TACE联合PEI可明显提高肝癌的近效疗效,但远期随访结果报道较少。本研究拟探讨TACE联合PEI治疗肝癌的长期效果及价值。方法675例肿瘤直径为2～15cm(平均9.6cm)、不能切除的原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)接受介入治疗,其中179例行TACE联合PEI治疗(联合组),496例行单纯TACE治疗(TACE组)。两组中各有10例介入治疗后行Ⅱ期手术切除,标本送病理研究。其他病例随访5～7年以上(平均6.6年),分别统计1、3、5、7年累计生存率。联合组与TACE组两组无论是手术切除病例,还是随访病例,介入治疗前的一般资料均具有可比性。结果病理研究显示,虽然治疗前后肿块缩小程度两组无显著性差异,但联合组肿瘤平均坏死程度[(100.0±0.0)%]及完全坏死率(100%)均显著高于TACE组[分别为(91.5±7.1)%和20%,P<0.05或0.01]。随访结果显示,联合组1、3、5、7年生存率分别为80.5%、58.6%、29.6%和16.5%,TACE组分别为68.5%、27.8%、7.2%和5.2%,统计学处理均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论TACE联合PEI是提高HCC远期生存率较好的治疗     

原发性肝癌肝移植术围手术期辅助治疗的研究

目的:探讨围手术期辅助治疗在原发性肝癌肝移植中的意义。方法:回顾性分析36例原发性肝癌肝移植手术病例的临床资料,比较单纯行经肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)、TACE 经皮瘤内无水酒精注射(PEI),多电极射频治疗(RFA) TACE以及全身化疗等围手术辅助治疗措施对患者复发率及生存率的影响。结果:12例患者经辅助治疗后肿瘤直径缩小(66.7%),平均(4.8±1.2)cm,13例肿瘤临床分期降级。术后1、2、3年复发率分别为33.3%、47.2%、55.6%。TACE PEI、RFA及TACE RFA组病例总体治疗效果较好。结论:原发性肝癌肝移植围手术期辅助治疗可明显改善肝移植的效果,降低术后的复发率或延长复发时间。     

原发性肝癌的介入治疗及其预后的影响因素

目的：评价肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞(TACE)对原发性肝癌的疗效，并对影响疗效的多种因素进行分析。方法：1995年1月～2001年1月时90例肝癌患者行肝动脉介入治疗。24例单纯肝动脉灌注化疗(TAI)，66例肝动脉灌注化疗加碘油栓塞(LP-TACE)。分析其生存率与治疗方法、次数、门脉癌栓、肿瘤分型、肿瘤大小、肝功能Child分级及临床分期的关系。结果：1)全组1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为50．O％、26．7％、16．7％、3．3％、1.1％。TACE组1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为59．1％、31．8％、22．7％、4．5％、1．5％；TAI组1、2年生存率分别为25．0％、12．5％，无存活3年者。TACE组疗效较好，P＜O．01；2)生存期与治疗次数呈正相关，P＜O．01；3)门脉内无癌栓者的生存率显著高于门脉内有癌栓者，P＜O．05；4)单结节型生存率最高，弥漫型最差，P＜O．01；瘤径≤5cm者疗效最好，P＜O．01；5)肝功能ChildA级者疗效较好，P＜O．05；6)Ⅰ期生存率最高，Ⅲ期最差，P＜O．01。结论：肝癌介入治疗的远期疗效与治疗方法、次数、门脉癌栓、肿瘤分型、肿瘤大小、肝功能Child分级、临床分期密切相关，积极地超选择性肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞有助于提高患者的生存率。     

大肝癌患者行 TACE 序贯射频消融的疗效及复发因素

目的：探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合序贯射频消融术（RFA）治疗大肝癌患者的疗效及复发因素。方法：选取我院2013年1月－2015年1月肿瘤外科中晚期原发性大肝癌患者110例并分为肝动脉化疗栓塞组（TACE 组）与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合序贯经皮射频消融术组（TACE ＋RFA 组）各55例,TACE 组患者行一次或多次单一肝动脉化疗治疗;TACE ＋RFA 组在肝动脉化疗治疗结束后1～2周再行序贯经皮射频消融术治疗。结果：TACE 组与 TACE ＋RFA 组总有效率分别为63．64％（35／55）、94．54％（52／55）。TACE ＋RFA 组1年生存率为72．7％（40／55）,2年生存率为20．0％（11／55）,而 TACE 组分别为56．36％（31／55）、7．27％（4／55）。Log －rank 检验结果显示肿瘤数量、分期、血清甲胎蛋白水平等为大肝癌患者预后的因素,与患者预后有一定关系。结论：经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性中晚期大肝癌可以有效提高患者生存率,延长患者的生存期。肿瘤数量、直径、分期等是影响患者复发的危险因素。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合无水乙醇注射治疗原发性肝癌疗效比较

目的:比较肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合无水乙醇注射(PEI)治疗原发性肝癌的治疗效果.方法:52例患者接受TACE治疗,58例患者接受TACE联合PEI治疗,比较两组患者1、2、3年的存活率.结果:TACE联合PEI治疗组2、3年的存活率分别为34.48%,15.51%.显著高于TACE组2、3年的存活率15.38%,1.9%.结论:肝动脉化疗栓塞联合无水乙醇注射治疗较单用肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗能延长原发性肝癌患者存活期.     

食管癌围手术期治疗的研究现状和进展

食管癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。西方国家以腺癌为主,亚洲地区则以鳞癌为主,我国食管癌中鳞癌患者约占95％。手术为食管癌的主要治疗方法,但单纯手术的效果并不尽如人意,5年生存率不足30％。为了提高手术效果,国内外很多研究探索了手术联合围手术期治疗的综合治疗模式。目前认为,在确保疗前准确分期的基础上,对于Ⅰ期及ⅡA期的患者可直接行手术治疗;对于ⅡB期及Ⅲ期的患者可行新辅助化疗或同步放化疗后进行手术。关于术后辅助治疗,目前尚缺乏有力的循证医学证据支持,但一些研究已初步证实术后辅助治疗的有效性。此外,围手术期分子靶向药物的应用及新辅助治疗疗效预测因子的研究也越来越成为研究的热点。     

不可切除及不适合手术的食管癌患者的治疗原则

由美国癌症联合会(AJCC)与国际抗癌联盟(UICC)共同制定的食管癌新的TNM分期实施以后,对食管癌的临床研究和治疗提出了新的要求,与传统的食管癌临床研究和治疗相比,更加细化.本文根据食管癌新的TNM分期要求,就不可切除及不适合手术的食管癌治疗原则作一论述.     

Challenge and opportunities in the treatment of gastric cancer

Recent developments in treatment modalities for gastric cancer have allowed the selection of a variety of treatments, and this has resulted in some confusion in daily practice. The Japan Gastric Cancer Association issued the first edition of Gastric cancer treatment guidlelines in March, 2001 to provide a common basis of understanding of the extent of disease and selection of proper treatment among doctors, patients, and their families.     

Benefit from preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer treatment: disease-free patients' and oncologists' preferences

Preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) in resectable rectal cancer improves local control but increases probability of faecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Consensus was reached in 2001 in the Netherlands on a guideline advising PRT to new patients. Purpose was to assess at what benefit oncologists and rectal cancer patients prefer PRT followed by surgery to surgery alone, and how oncologists and patients value various treatment outcomes. Sixty-six disease-free patients and 60 oncologists (surgical, radiation, medical) were interviewed. Minimally desired benefit from PRT (local control) was assessed using the Treatment Tradeoff Method. Importance of survival, local control, faecal incontinence, and sexual dysfunction in determining treatment outcome preferences was assessed using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis. The range of required benefit from PRT varied widely within participant groups. Seventeen percent of patients would choose PRT at a 0% benefit; 11% would not choose PRT for the maximum benefit of 11%. Mean minimally desired benefit excluding these two groups was 4%. For oncologists, the required benefit was 5%. Also, how strongly participants valued treatment outcomes varied widely within groups. Of the four outcomes, participants considered incontinence most often as most important. Relative treatment outcome importance differed between specialties. Patients considered sexual functioning more important than oncologists. Large differences in treatment preferences exist between individual patients and oncologists. Oncologists should adequately inform their patients about the risks and benefits of PRT, and elicit patient preferences regarding treatment outcomes.     

Clinician and cancer patient views on patient participation in treatment decision-making: a quantitative and qualitative exploration

Patient participation in treatment decision-making is being increasingly advocated, although cancer treatments are often guideline-driven. Trade-offs between benefits and side effects underlying guidelines are made by clinicians. Evidence suggests that clinicians are inaccurate at predicting patient values. The aim was to assess what role oncologists and cancer patients prefer in deciding about treatment, and how they view patient participation in treatment decision-making. Seventy disease-free cancer patients and 60 oncologists (surgical, radiation, and medical) were interviewed about their role preferences using the Control Preferences Scale (CPS) and about their views on patient participation using closed- and open-ended questions. Almost all participants preferred treatment decisions to be the outcome of a shared process. Clinicians viewed participation more often as reaching an agreement, whereas 23% of patients defined participation exclusively as being informed. Of the participants, > or = 81% thought not all patients are able to participate and > or = 74% thought clinicians are not always able to weigh the pros and cons of treatment for patients, especially not quality as compared with length of life. Clinicians seemed reluctant to share probability information on the likely impact of adjuvant treatment. Clinicians should acknowledge the legitimacy of patients' values in treatment decisions. Guidelines should recommend elicitation of patient values at specific decision points.     

Palliative Endoscopic Therapy for Cancer Patients with Esophageal Fistula

Objective： To find an effective treatment for advanced cancer patients with esophageal fistula. Methods： From 1998 to 2006, we studied 42 patients with advanced esophageal cancer and 5 lung cancer patients with carcinomatous esophageal fistula （3 females, 44 males, aged 29-92 years）. Ten patients with both esophageal cancer stricture and fistula were first dilated under endoscope, then a memory stent with a membrane was placed in the esophageal lumen. Others were treated only with a memory stent with a membrane, three of them with a large fistula （diameter 〉1.5 cm） were treated with bio-protein glue after placement of an esophageal metal stent. Results： The fistulas were covered by a stent and the patients could eat and drink immediately. Their quality of life was improved and their survival was prolonged, 44 out of 47 patients survived for 〉3 mo. Conclusion： Placement of esophageal stent with membrane or in combination with bio-protein glue through endoscope is an effective method for treating the bronchoesophageal fistula.     

Surgical treatment of intestinal radiation injury

A review of 43 consecutive patients requiring operation for serious intestinal radiation injury was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of surgical treatment. The most common site of radiation injury was the rectum (19 cases), followed by the small bowel (13 cases), the colon (7 cases), and the combination of these (4 cases). The overall operative mortality was 14%; morbidity, 47%; and the postoperative symptom-free period, 18 +/- 30 months. Colostomy (N = 20) carried the lowest risk of mortality, 0%, as compared with resection (N = 17) and bypass procedure (N = 6), which were accompanied by the mortalities of 24% and 33%, respectively. During the follow-up (3-13 years) 12 patients (28%) died of recurrent cancer and 9 patients (21%) of persistent radiation injury, which yielded an overall mortality of 65% after resection and 50% and 65% after bypass and colostomy procedures, respectively. Continuing radiation damage led to 15 late reoperations. Ten of these were performed after colostomy, four after resection, and one after bypass. We conclude that colostomy cannot be regarded as a preferred operative method, because it does not prevent the progression of radiation injury and because it is, for this reason, associated with a higher late-complication rate. A more radical surgery is recommended but with the limitation that the operative method must be adapted to the operative finding.     

The effect of combination treatment with cis-platinum and low dose rate 125I radiation in a murine brachytherapy model

We studied the effect of combination treatment with cis-platinum during low dose rate irradiation from 125I sources in the RIF-1 murine flank tumor model. Cell survival measured with a colony forming efficiency assay was used as the experimental endpoint. Sources implanted into tumors delivered 25 Gy of radiation to isodosed annuli of tissue at a dose rate of 1.3 Gy/hr. When 3 mg/kg of cis-platinum was administered 24, 12, and 1 hr before or 0, 12 and 24 hr after irradiation, the effect on cell kill was additive. Thus in the RIF-1 model there is no particular advantage gained by treatment with the combinations of cis-platinum and 125I radiation used in these studies.