短期内颈部迁移性鱼刺异物8例的临床诊治经验

目的 探讨短期内颈部迁移性鱼刺异物的临床特点、诊断及治疗策略。方法 回顾2016年2月～2023年2月在天门市第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的8例短期颈部迁移性鱼刺异物患者的临床资料,总结其治疗情况。结果 7例鱼刺成功取出,其中2例咽后间隙鱼刺经口入路黏膜切开取出,1例咽后壁黏膜下鱼刺在彩超定位下经口入路黏膜切开顺利取出,4例下咽及颈段食管腔外鱼刺经颈部切开取出,术后均无并发症。1例食管前壁内细小鱼刺颈部切开手术未成功取出,但随访至今近1年无不适。结论 有鱼刺异物摄入史,内镜检查阴性,但颈部疼痛症状持续存在的患者,须高度警惕异物可能在短期内迁移至咽部及食管腔外组织内。根据异物位置及与周围组织关系,选择合理的手术入路,术前术中利用彩超辅助定位可提高手术成功率。食管壁内较小鱼刺异物,应谨慎选择手术治疗,亦可保守观察。     

迁移性咽和颈段食管异物4例

目的：探讨迁移性咽和颈段食管异物的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法。方法：对位于腔壁内的异物，应尽量选用内镜下切开黏膜取出；若异物已移至腔外，则采用颈侧切开术。结果：4例患者均顺利取出异物，3例无并发症发生，1例声带麻痹。结论：颈部薄层CT扫描是证实异物迁移的重要手段，并对手术时定位异物有重要价值；食入异物出现迁移者，可产生致命性并发症，应及时处理。     

咽科学

20 0 4 0 74 2迁移性咽和颈段食管异物 4例 /蔡昌枰… / /临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志 $C 2 0 0 3,17(11) 6 48～ 6 49目的 :探讨迁移性咽和颈段食管异物的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法。方法 :对位于腔壁内的异物 ,应尽量选用内镜下切开黏膜取出 ;若异物已移至腔外 ,则采用颈侧切开术。结果 :4例患者均顺利取出异物 ,3例无并发症发生 ,1例声带麻痹。结论 :颈部薄层CT扫描是证实异物迁移的重要手段 ,并对手术时定位异物有重要价值 ;食入异物出现迁移者 ,可产生致命性并发症 ,应及时处理。图 4参 7(高晗 )2 0 0 4 0 74 3阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患…     

游走性咽、颈段食管异物23例精准定位及成功治疗

目的总结游走性咽、颈段食管异物的临床特点以及诊断、定位、治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年3月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治游走性咽、颈段食管异物23例, 男性9例, 女性14例, 年龄35～82(55.0±12.7)岁。异物摄入患者排除咽喉部异物后, 均采取食管CT确诊食管异物, 行多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction, MPR), 从水平位、冠状位、矢状位多个维度以及校正重建的MPR来定位异物的位置, 根据异物位置, 选择合适的手术方法, 记录患者症状、并发症、异物种类、定位和手术方法以及相关信息, 采用描述性方法和SPSS 25.0软件分析相关数据。结果游走性食管异物23例的临床症状表现包括咽痛(20/23)、异物感(6/23)、声嘶(1/23)、转颈受限(1/23)、张口受限(1/23)等局部症状, 也有发热(7/23)、纳差(1/23)、腹痛(1/23)等全身症状。异物种类为19例鱼刺, 2例金属丝, 1例绣花针, 1例鸡骨。其中颈段食管腔外的游走异物为9例(39.1%);颈段食管肌肉层异物2例(8.7%);咽部游走...     

全身麻醉下食管异物取出术523例

目的：探讨患儿在全身麻醉下食管异物取出术中行鼻咽腔检查的必要性。方法：回顾我科自1980年以来对523例患儿在全身麻醉下行食管异物取出术的临床资料,分析其手术失败的原因。结果：本组共行手术523例,其中508例(97．1％)术中取出异物,10例(1．9％)异物滑入胃内,48h内经大便排出;5例(1．0％)全身麻醉后异物滑落至鼻咽腔,食管镜检查未见异物,后经2次手术或在全身麻醉喉镜下将异物取出。结论：患儿在全身麻醉下,由于食管肌肉松弛,加上重力作用,食管异物容易发生移位,滑落至鼻咽腔内,尤以食管入口处异物为甚。因此,对术前检查异物征阳性而术中未见异物者,应常规在全身麻醉喉镜下检查口咽及鼻咽腔,以防漏治。     

18例颌面颈深部异物的诊治体会

我们治疗颌面颈深部异物 1 8例 ,效果较满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 8例患者中 ,男 1 4例 ,女 4例。儿童 1例 ,成人1 7例。异物性质 :缝衣针 1例 ,气枪子弹 9例 ,金属片 1例 ,木质异物 2例 ,医源性异物 5例 (其中纱条3例 ,棉片 1例 ,橡皮管 1例 )。异物部位 :食管外咽旁间隙 1例 ,咽后间隙 1例 ,喉环甲软骨外前侧 2例 ,颈深部颈动脉三角区 ,锁骨上三角区各 1例 ,翼腭间隙 3例 ,眶尖、眶顶后部、筛窦外侧眶内各 1例 ,蝶窦 1例 ,额窦 1例 ,上颌窦 4例。2　治疗方法与结果1 8例异物均手术取出治愈。 1例眶尖铁片异物患者术前失明 ,术后未恢复…     

食管异物并发食管穿孔及颈部脓肿临床分析

目的：探讨食管异物并发食管穿孑L及颈部脓肿的临床特点及治疗方法,以期提高对该病的诊治水平。方法：24例食管异物并发食管穿孔及颈部脓肿患者均在全身麻醉下行食管镜检查异物取出术,其中经食管镜取出异物14例,开胸后取出义齿3例,颈侧切开取出异物5例;余2例未见异物。结果：24例患者中并发脓肿16例,其中食管周围脓肿10例,颈部脓肿4例,纵隔脓肿2例;治愈21例,死亡1例,1例因血糖高转内分泌科,1例转胸外科继续治疗。结论：早期诊断、早期治疗是处理食管异物并发食管穿孔的关键。对于食管异物并发食管穿孔及颈部脓肿患者行薄层CT扫描具有极高的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。颈部脓肿一经确诊,应及时行脓肿切开引流术,合理应用抗生素,有效控制感染及并发症的发生,加强营养支持治疗可提高治愈率。     

咽喉部鱼刺异物迁移致颈部脓肿分析

目的　探讨咽喉部鱼刺异物迁移致颈部脓肿的临床特征、辅助检查、治疗手段及预防策略。方法　回顾性分析8例咽喉部鱼刺异物迁移致颈部脓肿的临床资料。结果　7例有异物误咽史。2例鱼刺迁移至胸锁乳突肌内,3例至舌骨舌肌内,1例至甲状软骨上角与颈动脉鞘之间,1例至咽后间隙,1例至甲状腺内侧。6例行彩色B超检查,5例发现异物。所有患者均行颈部CT检查,4例发现异物。全部患者均通过颈外侧入路颈部探查取出异物。结论  对伴有异物吞咽史的颈部脓肿患者首先考虑异物迁移。彩色B超检查有明确价值,薄层CT及三维重建可作为补充检查手段,手术为首选。医疗安全教育、提高医患警惕为主要预防手段。     

食管异物44例临床分析

目的探讨食管异物的特点及临床疗效。方法整群选取回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月我院耳鼻咽喉科收治的44例食管异物患者的临床资料,观察分析其临床特点及治疗方法。结果44例患者经手术全部治愈,发现食道癌1例,食管穿孔3例,1例术中未见异物。结论硬管食管镜是取出食管内异物的主要方式,普及社会健康教育对食管异物的防控是非常有必要的。     

气囊导尿管治疗儿童食管硬币类异物的临床疗效分析

目的探讨气囊导尿管治疗硬币类食管异物的价值与临床应用。方法回顾性分析2000年5月~2015 年6月耳鼻咽喉科收治的130例采用双腔导尿管法治疗儿童硬币类异物的手术方式、成功率和并发症。结果130例中，一次性顺利取出112例，16例需第二次进管取出，另2例因患儿极度不配合而住院给予全麻下同样方法进行手术，术后均未出现任何并发症。结论尽早明确诊断、采取恰当手术方式是治疗儿童食管硬币类异物成功和降低儿童食管异物并发症的关键所在。儿童硬币类的食管异物采用双腔气囊导尿管取出的手术方法具有安全、可靠、取材方便、实用性强及无并发症等优点，在临床工作中具有一定的参考价值。     

儿童纽扣式电池食管异物分析

目的　总结儿童纽扣式电池食管异物临床表现,探讨其安全、有效的治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析我院2014年4月～2016年12月收治的误咽纽扣式电池患儿12例,其中1例异物位于食管第二狭窄,其余11例均位于食管第一狭窄。结果　8例经食道镜取出,1例电子胃镜取出,1例经电子胃镜取出困难,改行食道镜取出,1例采用Foley管取出,1例Foley管取出困难进一步行食道镜取出。9例并发食管周围炎,食管腐蚀伤,2例并发食管穿孔,1例并发食管气管瘘。结论　食管异物为小儿常见急诊,其中纽扣式电池对人体的危害极大,纽扣式电池含有重金属及化学化合物,对食管壁具有腐蚀性,造成食管壁的损伤,伴发食管穿孔、狭窄等,损伤程度与异物嵌顿时间成正比,及时采取合理的手术是治愈的关键。     

Is the rigid hypopharyngo-esophagoscopy for suspected foreign body impaction still up to date?]

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of flexible esophagoscopes leads to controversies regarding the current status of rigid hypopharyngo-esophagoscopy in case of suspected foreign body impaction. METHODS: In a retrospective investigation we analyzed 309 open tube hypopharyngo-esophagoscopies performed for suspected foreign body impaction. RESULTS: In 108 patients (35.0 %) a foreign body was detected endoscopically. 69 Patients (22.3 %) had other pathologic findings within the upper digestive tract. 72 % of the foreign bodies and 83 % of the pathologic findings were localized within the hypopharynx or the cervical esophagus. CONCLUSIONS: The superior diagnostic and therapeutic properties of the classical rigid endoscopy in this area underlines its still actual status in patients with suspected foreign body impaction.     

儿童扣式电池消化道异物临床分析

目的：提高对儿童扣式电池消化道异物的诊疗水平。方法：14例扣式电池消化道异物中,食管6例,胃、下消化道7例,食管、胃多发异物1例,平均年龄2岁1个月。胃、下消化道异物7例未予特殊处理,密切观察;食管异物6例在全身麻醉下行食管镜检＋异物取出术;食管、胃多发异物1例行食管镜和电子胃镜异物取出术。取出后均行对症治疗。结果：胃、下消化道异物7例1～2d自行排出;食管异物6例,4例取出治愈,1例取出后出现食管狭窄,1例死亡;食管、胃多发性异物1例,取出后治愈。结论：扣式电池食管异物腐蚀性强,危害大,易危及患儿生命及形成食管狭窄,及时诊断、合理手术是治愈的关键。扣式电池胃、下消化道异物由于消化液的中和,嵌顿概率低,密切观察,多可自行排出。     

Chronic esophageal foreign bodies in pediatric patients: a retrospective review

OBJECTIVE: Chronic esophageal foreign bodies (CEFB) are associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in adults. However, the presentation, management and outcome of chronic esophageal foreign bodies in children are not well described. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of children with chronic esophageal foreign bodies admitted to the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, between May 1990 and January 2002. A chronic esophageal foreign body was defined as a foreign body estimated to have been present for over 1 week. RESULTS: Over the inclusion period, 522 children were admitted with esophageal foreign bodies, 41 (8%) of which were chronic. The most common foreign bodies were coins. Seventy-six percent of patients presented with a primary complaint of respiratory symptoms, with respiratory distress being the most common followed by asthmatic symptoms and cough. Twenty-two percent of patients had primarily gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea/vomiting and dysphagia. One patient was asymptomatic on presentation. A perforated esophagus was identified in 18 patients, with 17 of these being a technically perforated esophagus and one case being a classic esophageal perforation. There were no deaths or permanent morbidity in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms are more common than gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients with chronic esophageal foreign bodies. Removal by rigid esophagoscopy is recommended. A small proportion of cases require open removal of the foreign body. Conservative management is appropriate for the technically perforated esophagus. A good outcome should be anticipated for the majority of cases.     

特殊类型气管支气管异物手术取出方法探讨

目的：探讨特殊类型气管支气管异物手术取出的有效方法。方法：针对不同的异物,研制和借用一些特殊器械,采用多种不同的治疗方法,取出特殊类型气管支气管异物61例,分析各类特殊类型气管支气管异物手术特点。结果：61例患者支气管异物分别使用异物钩（31例）、笔帽螺丝取出器（11例）、异物网（13例）、特制微抱式三爪倒齿异物钳（3例）、细倒齿式食管异物钳（3例）等均顺利取出。无明显并发症,无死亡病例。除已行气管切开的5例外,其他患者未行气管切开。结论：根据各类特殊类型异物特点和患者的情况设计相应的器械和选择适宜的手术方法是保证治疗成功的关键。     

Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract in pediatric patients

Objective: To investigate pediatric foreign body cases in the aerodigestive tract, and to elucidate the characteristic problems in Japan. Methods: A total of 310 pediatric patients (age 15 or below), gathered from two medical university hospitals (University of Tokyo and Jichi Medical School), were included in this study. Data were collected by retrospective chart review and were statistically analyzed. Results: Two-year-olds were the most common patients, and the range from age 1 to age 4 included 67.7% of all the patients. The most involved sites were the nose (39.4%) and the pharynx (38.4%), followed by the esophagus (12.9%) and the trachea-bronchi (6.5%). Fish bones and toys were the representative foreign bodies (30.7 and 13.6%, respectively). Other foreign bodies often encountered included coins, food, candy, peanuts and nuts, and batteries. The type of foreign body was closely related to the site in which foreign bodies were lodged: 77.3% of foreign bodies in the pharynx were fish bones, and toys were the most common impacted foreign body in the nose. In the esophagus, representative impacted foreign bodies were coins (35.7%), but disk-type battery ingestion has been increasing in recent years. Although most foreign bodies in the esophagus were safely removed, one case of a disk-type battery had a serious sequela. In the trachea-bronchi, peanuts, food, cotton, and coins were impacted. A rigid bronchoscope was basically used to remove foreign bodies, but in some cases, a fine flexible endoscope, with a channel for fiber forceps, was useful, because it could be inserted into narrow bronchi. Advance of a flexible endoscope will make it an excellent tool for diagnosis and management of the trachea-bronchial foreign body. Conclusions: Fish bones in the pharynx, which were closely related to Japanese eating habits, and toys in the nose, were the typical foreign bodies encountered in this study. In the esophagus, an increased incidence of disk-type battery ingestion has become a serious problem in recent years. Since prevention is the most essential way to manage foreign body cases, feedback from studies to public education should be encouraged.     

复杂性食管异物的临床诊疗分析

目的 探讨复杂性食管异物伴发严重并发症的种类及特点,总结其临床诊断及治疗方法。 方法 对广东医科大学附属医院2015年1月至2018年1月住院治疗的244例食管异物中22例伴有严重并发症的患者资料进行回顾性分析,包括发患者群、就诊时间、异物类型及嵌顿位置、并发症类型及诊断治疗方式等。 结果 22例中除4例儿童外,其余患者均在发病后通过进食馒头、蔬菜、努力吞咽等方式,试图将异物强行推入胃中未果,从而出现严重并发症;从发病到就诊最长达32 d,平均5.9 d;误吞异物类型中17例(77.3%)为动物性骨头,以鱼骨和鸡骨为主;10例嵌顿于食管入口水平,5例嵌顿于T1-T2水平,3例嵌顿于T8-T9水平;严重并发症包括食管穿孔或合并食管局部炎症6例(27.3%),颈部及纵隔气肿、脓肿5例(22.7%),食管纵隔瘘4例(18.2%),游走于食管外异物3例(13.6%),咽后壁脓肿1例(4.5%),气胸1例(4.5%),气管食管瘘1例(4.5%),食管主动脉瘘1例(4.5%);14例于食管镜下取出异物,3例经颈侧切开探查取出异物,3例同时行颈部及纵隔脓肿切开引流术,1例行食管镜+胸腔镜探查,并行肺大泡切除术,1例行支气管镜异物取出术+气管食管瘘修补术;22例患者中治愈21例(95.5%),平均住院时间为6.2 d,死亡1例(4.5%)。 结论 复杂性食管异物多见于老年患者,多因发生异物嵌顿后患者错误的暴力吞咽方式、不及时就医等不恰当处理方法,导致了患者病情的延误。异物的类型、嵌顿位置及就医时间与并发症的产生及严重程度呈正相关,上消化道造影及CT检查是诊断食管异物及其并发症的最有效方法,能够清楚地显示出异物与周围重要组织器官的关系,多学科协助治疗是挽救严重并发症引起危重病情的重要方式。     

Protein energy malnutrition revealing an esophageal foreign body

It is not unusual for a foreign body to be swallowed and be lodged in the esophagus. It is however, very unusual for such a foreign body to remain lodged for a period of 8 months. This particular case, a 15-month-old male infant, is under focus because of the time length the foreign body remained in the esophagus without local complications, what is unusual is a protein energy malnutrition complication. The neck and chest X-ray permitted the foreign body identification. The management of esophageal foreign body requires a multidisciplinary approach among otorhinolaryngologist, radiologist and pediatrician.     

食管异物引发食管穿孔的处理

目的:探讨食管异物引发食管穿孔的有效处理方法。方法:回顾性分析我科处理的7例食管异物引发食管穿孔及各种并发症的患者资料。结果:6例经手术处理,3～18d(平均14.2d)治愈;1例单经保守治疗,49d治愈。结论:取出异物、修复瘘口、切开引流、控制感染和营养支持治疗等是确实有效的综合治疗措施;单经保守治疗有效,但治愈时间较长。