两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

两家工厂工人吸烟行为与烟瘾的调查

目的 调查工人的吸烟行为和烟瘾及戒烟意向,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 通过问卷调查,应用横断面调查方法对江苏省2家工厂的336名工人进行调查;烟瘾调查与评价采用国际问卷(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FIND);吸烟、烟瘾与某些影响因素的相关性分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 男性260人,吸烟率为69.2%,目前吸烟率为64.6%(168人),戒烟者占总吸烟者的6.7%;女性均为从不吸烟.年龄较大、文化程度较低或一线生产工人的吸烟率较高,与朋友或吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时吸烟较常见,63.0%的吸烟者觉得戒烟不难(自评戒烟难度30分以下),目前想过戒烟的占44.4%.吸烟者认为吸烟可引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别为92.9%和86.1%,认为吸二手烟能引致肺癌和冠心病的比例分别占89.9%和83.3%.自我评价戒烟的难度与尼古丁依赖性明显相关,与自评＜30分比,自评30～60分和＞60分的吸烟者尼古丁依赖性的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(0.47～8.68)和9.90(3.09～31.75).结论 男性工人的吸烟率仍然很高,但轻度烟瘾的占大部分,且自评戒烟难度不大,现时是开展并推动工人戒烟的良好时机.     

Characteristics of daily and occasional smoking among youths

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a more detailed understanding of the characteristics of occasional smokers, and how the characteristics of occasional smokers differ from those of daily smokers. This information can then be used in youth smoking programmes to better address these differences in a manner that would target appropriate youth with appropriate cessation methods. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 976 university students, aged between 18 and 25 years, in Ankara, Turkey. The topics covered included age, sex and tobacco use characteristics. Daily and occasional smokers were defined according to traditional definitions of smoking. RESULTS: Among the 976 students surveyed, 482 (49.4%) reported being active smokers. Among these smokers, 199 (41.3%) were classified as occasional smokers and 283 (58.7%) were daily smokers using the traditional definitions of smoking. Many of the active smokers had relatives or friends who also smoked, specifically, 46.5% had a father who smokes, 13.3% had a mother who smokes, 26.8% had an older brother or sister who smokes, and 69.7% had two or more close friends who smoke. Although more than 51.3% of smokers planned on quitting smoking, only 26.1% had previously tried to quit smoking but 64.7% believed they could successfully quit. Daily smokers reported that they made fewer attempts to quit smoking than occasional smokers. More often than occasional smokers, daily smokers reported that they smoke because they like the image, they are addicted, smoking relieves stress and/or their friends smoke. Occasional smokers reported that they smoke less at home or at the university than in other places, and smoke more often with friends than when alone or with family members. This pattern is encouraged by the family structure in Turkish society, where smoking by adolescents at home in the presence of family members is frowned upon. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates substantial differences between occasional and daily smokers. If effective future smoking prevention and cessation programmes that target youth are going to be developed, data like those gathered in this study are critical. Basic information regarding cigarette consumption patterns, while important, is insufficient to understand behaviour and key factors that trigger smoking among the youth population.     

中国居民吸烟行为的现状分析

目的分析我国居民吸烟行为,为有针对性地制定控烟措施提供基础资料.方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对167063名（男76 556人,女90507人）15岁及以上居民的吸烟行为,包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率、平均吸烟量、吸烟类别、戒烟率、戒烟成功率、复吸率及被动吸烟率等进行描述性分析.结果我国15岁及以上居民吸烟率为24.0%,男性（50.2%）明显高于女性（2.8%）,现在吸烟率为23.6%,男性（49.6%）明显高于女性（2.8%）.98.8%的男性及几乎全部女性吸烟者为现在吸烟者,95.1%的男性及92.9%的女性现在吸烟者为常吸烟者,46.0%的男性及21.4%的女性现在吸烟者为重型吸烟者.农村居民上述指标均高于城市居民.我国18岁及以上吸烟者中81.3%主要吸有过滤嘴香烟,11.9%主要吸手卷烟或旱烟,4.2%主要吸无过滤嘴香烟,2.3%主要吸烟斗或水烟袋,0.3%主要吸雪茄.结论我国居民中吸烟率仍然很高,烟草控制仍然面临着巨大的挑战,应采取有针对性的措施,有效地控制烟草的消费.     

2013-2014年安徽省成人吸烟和戒烟行为状况分析

目的 了解安徽省成人居民吸烟和戒烟行为状况,为制定烟草控制措施提供依据。方法 利用2013-2014年安徽省成人慢性病及其危险因素监测项目调查数据,使用事后分层权重调整和复杂抽样设计方法进行统计分析。结果 有效样本量为7 182人,现在吸烟率为26.2%（95% CI:23.9%~28.4%）,男性高于女性,分别为51.2%（95% CI:45.5%~56.8%）和1.4%（95% CI:0.5%~2.4%）;男性现在吸烟率随文化程度提高出现降低趋势（P<0.001）。现在每日吸烟率为23.7%（95% CI:21.4%~26.0%）,男性（46.5%,95% CI:41.7%~51.3%）高于女性（1.2%,95% CI:0.5%~1.9%）。现在吸烟者日均吸烟量为17.1（95% CI:16.5~17.6）支,男女分别为17.2（95% CI:16.7~17.8）支和10.5（95% CI:9.4~11.7）支,且男性日均吸烟量随着年龄升高而增加（P=0.048）,随文化程度升高而减少的趋势（P=0.003）。二手烟暴露率为57.6%（95% CI:51.2%~64.0%）。男性现在吸烟者中仅有37.6%（95% CI:25.0%~50.2%）打算戒烟,男性戒烟率为13.8%（95% CI:7.5%~20.1%）,成功戒烟率为9.1%（95% CI:5.1%~13.0%）。结论 安徽省成人居民吸烟行为普遍存在,二手烟暴露率较高,成年男性烟草使用率高,戒烟和成功戒烟率水平低。     

天津市戒烟门诊158名就诊吸烟者戒烟状况调查

目的 了解天津市戒烟门诊就诊吸烟者的人群特点、吸烟情况、戒烟情况,为更有效的开展戒烟门诊服务提供科学依据。方法 调查前来三家戒烟门诊就诊的158名吸烟者,并于一个月后进行随访。结果 就诊吸烟者中50%(79/158)是通过医生推荐或转诊至戒烟门诊,47.5%(75/158)决定戒烟的原因是自身患病,59.5%(94/158)的人尝试过戒烟;就诊吸烟者的平均烟龄为19.5年,平均每日吸烟量为16.3支;一个月随访的应答率为86.7%(137/158),一个月随访的时点戒烟率为43.1%(59/137),未戒烟者的一个月时点减烟率为56.4%(44/78);27.0%(37/137)的人认为医生或药物对其戒烟帮助最大。结论 天津市戒烟门诊能提高吸烟者的戒烟率,但目前就诊人数较少,还应继续加大戒烟门诊的宣传力度。     

广州市工厂职工吸烟行为与尼古丁依赖性调查

目的 调查工厂职工吸烟行为和尼古丁依赖性,为控烟提供科学依据.方法 横断面调查广州市668名不同工作类型工厂职J二的吸烟行为和尼古丁依赖性,后者采用国际问卷FTND进行评价;尼古丁依赖性与某些因素的相关性采用logistic回归分析.结果 (1)曾吸烟率男性65.0%(348/535,其中经常吸55.5%,偶吸5.4%,戒烟4.1%),女性3.0%(4/133);男性一线工人、安全主任目前吸烟率分别为67.6%和64.5%.(2)男性经常吸和偶吸者轻度尼古丁依赖分别占66.7%和89.7%;经常吸烟者烟龄越长尼古丁依赖性越高,一线工人和安全主任尼古丁依赖性较高.结论 男性工人和安全主任的吸烟率较高,但轻度尼古丁依赖者占大部分,可作为首期戒烟干预的首选对象.     

农村男性吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素分析

目的 了解农村男性现在每天吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素及其相对重要性。方法 采用横断面研究方法,以山东省临沂市莒南县14个行政村的男性现在每天吸烟者为研究对象,逐一入户,进行面对面问卷调查,共得有效问卷1 287份。应用logistic回归分析、优势logistic回归分析探讨戒烟意愿影响因素及其相对重要性。结果 1 287名每天吸烟者中有318人（24.7%）打算在未来6个月内戒烟。logistic回归分析显示,有既往戒烟经历（OR=1.691,95%CI：1.458～1.962）、吸烟量少（OR=0.751,95%CI：0.639～0.884）、烟草危害认知程度高（OR=1.038,95%CI：1.001～1.077）、患慢性病（OR=1.765,95%CI：1.013～3.075）的男性吸烟者更倾向有戒烟意愿。优势logistic回归分析显示,既往戒烟经历是戒烟意愿首位影响因素,其他依次是吸烟量、烟草危害认知以及慢性病患病情况。结论 农村男性吸烟者戒烟意愿比例较低。戒烟意愿主要与吸烟者自身因素有关,其中有既往戒烟经历是增加戒烟动机的首位影响因素。     

Association of active and passive smoking with occupational injury in manual workers: a cross-sectional study of the 2011 Korean working conditions survey

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of active and passive smoking with occupational injury among manual workers. Data from the 2011 Korean Working Conditions Survey were analyzed for 12,507 manual workers aged ≥15 yr. Overall, 60.4% of men and 5.8% of women were current smokers. The prevalence of injury was higher among never smokers who were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) (7.7% in men and 8.1% in women) than current smokers (4.2% in men and 4.1% in women). After controlling for potential confounders, in men, compared to those who never smoked and were not exposed to SHS, people who never smoked and were exposed to SHS (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.7, 2.2–6.4) and current smokers (aOR=2.5, 1.6–3.8) were more likely to experience injury. Among women, the aORs of occupational injury were 8.4 (4.2–16.7) for never smoking women with occasional exposure to SHS and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.4–8.7) for current smokers, in comparison to never smoking women who were never exposed to SHS at work (reference group). The present study suggests that exposure to SHS is a possible risk factor of occupational injury for never smoking men and women.     

Smoking habits and associated factors among Greek physicians

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the smoking habits and associated risk factors among Greek physicians. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of Greek physicians. METHODS: A national sample of 1284 physicians (718 men, 566 women) participated in the study, which was conducted between September 2003 and June 2005. Data were collected through an anonymous self-completed questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyse the influence of different factors on the probability of a physician being a current or former smoker. RESULTS: Overall, 38.6% of the physicians (40% of men; 37% of women) currently smoked, 13.8% were former smokers, and 47.6% had never smoked. Eighty-three per cent of smokers reported starting smoking before the age of 25 years, with half of them during medical school (aged 19-24 years). Multivariate analyses revealed that physicians who were male, unmarried, divorced or widowed, surgeons or anaesthetists, and residents were more likely to be current smokers. Former smokers were more likely to be older, male and born in a rural area. Moreover, the odds of being a current or former smoker were significantly higher among physicians with a history of parents who smoked. The proportion of physicians who reported counselling patients (often or always) to stop smoking was lower among current smokers compared with those who never smoked or those who were former smokers (74.4% vs. 85.3% vs. 84.7%, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among Greek physicians is exceedingly high and similar to that of the general population. More effective interventions that reduce smoking in the medical community should be implemented immediately so that physicians will be better able to fulfil their function as role models for the general population.     

Characteristics of smokers who enroll and quit in self-help programs

Smokers who volunteer for self-help smoking cessation programsmay be poor candidates for such minimal treatments. Throughgeneral publicity, we recruited 2021 Health Maintenance Organizationenrollees for a self-help quit smoking intervention trial. Volunteerswere mostly heavy smokers (mean 26 cigarettes/day) with a long-establishedhabit (mean 27 years), strong nicotine dependency (77% smokedtheir first cigarette of the day within 30 min of awakening)and extensive quitting histories [median of three serious quitattempts and many who had already tried group or individualquitting programs (35%), nicotine gum (25%) or quitting guides(43%)]. Self-reported, cotinine-validated, 7-day abstinencerates at 16 months follow-up were significantly higher for smokerswith lower nicotine dependency, lower cigarette brand nicotinecontent, no previous use of nicotine gum, no smoking-relatedchronic medical conditions, longer duration of previous quit,a more health promotive lifestyle with respect to alcohol anddiet, and a supportive partner, and in subjects randomized toa minimal contact telephone counseling intervention. The telephonecounseling advantage was significantly greater for smokers whoat baseline were less nicotine dependent, had not used an intensivecessation treatment, smoked higher nicotine cigarettes and hadless social support. Diffusion strategies to reach smokers withlower readiness to volunteer and triage mechanisms to screenout smokers who are poor candidates for self-help treatmentsare needed if these treatments are to achieve their potential.     

Predictors of Spontaneous Smoking Cessation Among Chinese Men Whose Wives are Pregnant

This is an exploratory study to identify the predictors that Chinese men will spontaneously quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy. Smoking husbands who accompanied their non-smoking pregnant wives to an antenatal clinic were invited to complete a questionnaire soliciting information regarding their smoking behaviours, perceptions of support received from their wives, and motivating factors for quitting smoking. A total of 74 men were recruited. Two-thirds (67.6%) were daily smokers, had started smoking under the age of 18 (66.2%), and smoked 6-15 cigarettes (48.6%) a day. Nearly one-third of the smoking husbands (n = 50, 67.6%) reported that their wife was the person who provided them with the necessary main support in quitting. Nearly a quarter (18 out of 74, 24.3%) of the husbands indicated that they quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy. Those more likely to quit were the 'occasional smokers' (61.1% vs. 38.9%), those who craved cigarettes a few hours after getting up (0% vs. 100%), those who were confident in their ability to quit (77.8% vs. 22.2%), and those who had previously attempted to quit (88.9% vs. 11.1%). The level of negative support from wives to quit smoking was significantly related to men's quitting (55.6% vs. 44.4%). The results of this study identified the husbands most likely to spontaneously quit smoking during their wives' pregnancy as those who were occasional smokers, were confident about smoking cessation, and reported their wives as being bothered by smoke.