个体化人工颞下颌关节置换术远期疗效报告

目的：随访2例3侧采用人工颞下颌关节置换的患者,随访时间分别为4年和4年半,以评价人工关节置换的远期临床疗效。方法：2例3侧采用人工颞下颌关节置换术进行骨关节病治疗的患者,分别进行了为期4年和4年半的临床随访。记录患者术后在关节疼痛、开口度等指标的变化及患者对治疗结果的主观评价。结果：2例患者术后受累关节疼痛、开口受限及咀嚼能力等方面均获得了满意的改善,开口度在术后4年均增加至35mm以上,未再出现明显颞下颌关节区疼痛．VAS疼痛评估为0-1。开口受限无复发,开口度维持良好。患者自觉咀嚼能力明显增强,生活质量明显提高。结论：人工关节置换术是重建颞下颌关节的一种良好术式,对恢复因骨关节病等导致的关节功能丧失是一种较理想的选择。     

标准型人工颞下颌关节置换术应用效果初步报告

目的:介绍标准型人工全关节置换术应用于颞下颌关节重建的方法,初步评价其疗效及应用价值。方法:6例(10侧)颞下颌关节病患者,年龄49～66岁,平均59岁。3例(5侧)有既往颞下颌关节手术治疗史,3例(5侧)为内紊乱伴骨关节炎。术前均有明显开口受限及关节区疼痛,开口度1.0～2.9cm,平均1.9cm。采用标准型人工关节置换术,术后定期观察开口度及关节疼痛等变化,结合影像学检查等评价治疗效果。结果:成功完成6例(10侧)人工关节置换术。术后随访7～49个月,平均17.5个月。植入关节未出现因感染、排异、松动或断裂等导致的失败。有既往手术的病例中,1例(2侧)发生假体内侧异位成骨,1例(2侧)耳颞区疼痛无法缓解,其余4例(6侧)开口受限及关节区疼痛均有较明显改善。影像学检查均未见假体松动等异常情况。结论:标准型人工全关节置换术对缓解关节疼痛有明显效果,可有效改善开口度及提高咀嚼能力,但对咀嚼肌疼痛的缓解效果不理想。     

外伤性颞下颌关节强直保留关节盘的手术治疗

目的：应用新的手术方法治疗外伤性颞下颌关节强直，达到恢复颞下颌关节结构，改善面部外形和防止术后复发的目的。方法：外伤性颞下颌关节强直36例，其中男16例，女20例。年龄5～54岁之间，病程1～16年不等，开口度0～1．5cm。手术方法凿开关节窝与髁突之间的骨性融合，凿除前内侧移位的髁突骨折碎片，将残余的关节盘向外牵拉、复位与外侧关节囊缝合，并将髁突与关节窝磨改光滑。结果：术后17例随访l～7年，保留关节盘手术的病例均无复发，术后开口度平均达到3．36cm。一例11岁的女孩术后3年发现，面部畸形基本恢复正常。结论：恢复颞下颌关节正常结构，保留关节盘在防止外伤性颞下颌关节强直手术后复发中起很重要的作用。     

颞下颌关节强直的牵引成骨治疗

目的探讨牵引成骨技术在颞下颌关节强直治疗中的应用。方法应用内置式牵引器治疗8例单侧颞下颌关节强直患者,患侧升支区制备一个1.5～2.0cm颊舌向等宽的骨间隙,并去除喙突,恢复开口度,升支后缘方块截骨,截骨块保留翼内肌附着,与下颌骨间安装牵引器,术后采用升支牵引成骨术,每日牵引1mm,分2次完成,重建颞下颌关节结构及恢复颞下颌关节功能,并坚持开口训练18个月以上。结果经牵引成骨后,患者牵引间隙成骨良好,新形成的关节形态得到改建,升支高度延长1.2～2.1cm,开口度达到正常。结论牵引成骨是治疗颞下颌关节强直的有效方法。     

保留颞下颌关节盘治疗外伤性颞下颌关节强直

目的：应用保留颞下颌关节盘的手术方法治疗外伤性颞下颌关节强直,达到恢复颞下颌关节结构、改善面部外形和防止术后复发的目的。方法：对36例外伤所致Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型颞下颌关节强直病例进行手术,男16例,女20例,年龄5～54岁,病程1～16a,最大开口度0～1.5cm。新的手术方法是凿开关节窝与髁突之间的骨性融合,凿除前内侧移位的髁突骨折碎片,将残余的关节盘向外牵拉、复位,与外侧关节囊缝合,同时将髁突与关节窝磨改光滑。结果：36例病例中,21例术后随访1～7a,保留关节盘手术的病例均无复发,术后平均开口度为3.37cm。1例11岁患儿术后面部畸形得到改善。结论：保留颞下颌关节盘正常结构在防止外伤性颞下颌关节强直手术后复发以及生长发育期患者面部畸形中具有重要作用。     

肋骨肋软骨移植重建颞下颌关节的临床研究

目的：探讨颞下颌关节真性强直的手术治疗和预防术后的复发。方法：采用自体肋骨肋软骨移植对32例颞下颌关节真性强直患者进行了关节重建术，术后通过测量张口度，计算手术前后张口度的差值、下颌前伸和侧向运动范围，以及颞下颌关节x线片检查等，综合评价手术治疗效果。结果：32例随访1～12年术前后张口度的差值均在2．0cm以上，效果优良，重建关节无骨质吸收，咬合关系良好，下颌具有前伸和侧向运动功能，无复发。结论：自体肋骨肋软骨移植的颞下颌关节重建术是治疗颞下颌关节真性强直的一种较理想方法。     

口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置治疗颞下颌关节强直

目的：应用口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置及耳前切口去除骨球关节窝成形术治疗颞下颌关节真性强直,评价其重建颞下颌关节的效果。方法：对5例颞下颌关节骨性强直患者切除病变区骨质,形成关节窝,采用口内下领骨升支垂直截骨倒置升支后部构造新的”髁突”,重建颞下颌关节。手术后常规随访,评价其疗效。结果：全部病例术后随访3～24个月,开口度3．1～4．1cm,平均开口度3．6cm,效果满意。结论：应用口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置及耳前切口去除骨球关节窝成形术治疗颞下颌关节真性强直具有多方面优势,减少了并发症的发生,是治疗颞下颌关节真性强直的有效手术治疗方法。     

应用非生物关节半置换术治疗真性颞下颌关节强直疗效评价

外科手术是治疗真性颞下颌关节强直有效方法，治疗目的在于重建关节功能和防止术后复发。本文报告２６例真性颞下颌关节强直，全部应用非生物关节、单侧置换１６例，双侧置换１０例，术后随访１～３年，结果表明，非生物关节半置换术重建关节功能良好，复发率低。本文讨论了半关节置换术式选择，该手术方法简单，安全、且术后二周就可早期进行关节功能练习，并从口腔进食     

全身(远处)感染致颞下颌关节强直:1例报告及文献复习

颞下颌关节强直可由创伤、感染、退行性变及间隙缺损导致。其中以局部感染多见,而全身感染则罕见。本文报道1例因全身远处感染导致双侧颞下颌关节强直的患者,该35岁女性患者因开口困难近20年就诊,并于20年前出现包括颞下颌关节区的全身多处脓肿,CT显示髁突与颞骨融合。采用双侧颞下颌关节截除术及人工关节置换术治疗,术后3个月开口度达2.5 cm,患者获得了满意的进食及语言功能。     

人工颞下颌关节的研究进展

颞下颌关节结构和功能的复杂性使得其重建成为外科医生所面临的最大挑战之一。人工颞下颌关节是颞下颌关节重建的重要方式之一，主要适用于颞下颌关节强直、无法复位固定的髁突粉碎性骨折、颞下颌关节肿瘤、晚期关节内紊乱及一些先天性颅面综合征等所致的颞下颌关节发育不良等。人工颞下颌关节旨在改善颞下颌关节的功能、减少疼痛并防止严重的并发症。在口腔颌面外科，人工颞下颌关节具有能模仿正常的解剖形态、与宿主贴合、不需另行取材、术后能立即进行功能训练等优点。假体材料在人工颞下颌关节的发展中起着至关重要的作用，优良的设计、牢靠的固定都是人工颞下颌关节能够行使其功能必不可少的条件，当然关节生物力学的研究也是必不可少的。随着材料学、关节生物力学及制作工艺等相关学科的飞速发展，人工颞下颌关节在关节假体的植入材料、假体的设计等方面取得了不少进展。随着人工颞下颌关节的发展，其应用也越来越广泛。本文对人工颞下颌关节的发展及其临床应用作一综述。     

Groningen temporomandibular total joint prosthesis: An 8-year longitudinal follow-up on function and pain

Total temporomandibular joint replacement is a surgical procedure for patients with severe temporomandibular joint afflictions affecting quality of life, which have not responded beneficially to previous conventional surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome of the Groningen temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis in patients with chronic pain and mutilated temporomandibular joints following multiple surgical procedures, with respect to prosthesis failure, the patient's postoperative level of satisfaction and longitudinal changes in maximum mouth opening, functional mandibular impairment and pain. Eight female patients were studied in whom Groningen TMJ prostheses were inserted, two unilaterally and six bilaterally.The Groningen TMJ prosthesis was mechanically successful during 8 years of follow-up in seven out of eight patients with a disc dislocation being seen in one patient (7%). Patients were satisfied, despite the limited improvement of the maximum mouth opening, and pain scores.Although the decline of MFIQ scores during 8 years of follow-up was significant compared to baseline (p = 0.027), the effects of the prosthesis on maximum mouth opening, function and pain were limited. This may be due to persistent chronic pain and the adverse effects of multiple previous surgical procedures.     

Management of recurrent ankylosis in arthrogryposis: new solutions to a rare problem

Arthrogryposis is a rare condition that comprises contracture of the joints, muscular weakness, and fibrosis. Restricted mouth opening caused by coronoid hyperplasia has been reported but to our knowledge, ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has not. Standard management of ankylosis includes creation of a gap arthroplasty and possible reconstruction with autogenous or alloplastic materials. We describe management of a patient with arthrogryposis who developed ankylosis for a second time after satisfactory gap arthroplasty and total replacement of the TMJ with a custom-made prosthesis. The original prosthesis was removed, the ankylosis resected, and the prosthesis replaced. This has given an excellent outcome at 12 months.     

颞下颌关节强直治疗方法分析

目的 探讨治疗颞下颌关节强直并有效防止复发的方法.方法 对3例外伤性颞下颌关节强直病例,除将残余关节盘复位缝合外,分别用喙突、残留髁状突及喙突联合钛金属关节头恢复颞下颌关节结构.结果 病例1术后1年复查,张口度为2.5 cm,咬合时下颌偏术侧.病例2术后1年复查,张口度为3.7 cm,咬合关系正常.病例3术后3个月复查,张口度为3.9 cm,前牙轻度开(牙合).结论 恢复关节的"正常"解剖结构,使残余的关节盘复位,保留残留的髁状突,并使其复位固定,有望提高颞下颌关节强直患者手术疗效,减少复发.     

Prospective study of the long-term outcomes and complications after total temporomandibular joint replacement: analysis at 10 years

This prospective analysis was performed to assess the long-term benefits of the TMJ Concepts joint replacement system in the UK. All patients who had replacement temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with at least 10 years of follow-up were included. The most common primary diagnoses were trauma, multiple previous operations, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative disease, and ankylosis. A total of 43 patients (62 joints) were followed up for 10 years (mean age 45, range 22–70 years); 39 were female and four were male. The mean number of previous TMJ procedures was 2.5 (range 0–10). Over the 10 years of follow-up, there were significant improvements in pain score (10-point scale; decreased from 7.4 to 1.7), maximum mouth opening (increased from 21.0 mm to 34.7 mm), and dietary score (10-point scale; increased from 4.1 to 9.5). Joints in two patients failed, one secondary to a local dental infection and one due to reankylosis. None failed due to wear of the prosthesis, whether the prosthesis was standard cobalt–chrome or all-titanium. Total TMJ replacement gives good long-term improvements, both lessening pain and improving function, and is an effective form of management for irreparably damaged joints.     

Endoscopically assisted fixation of the custom-made total temporomandibular joint prosthesis in TMJ Yang’s system through a modified preauricular approach

This article describes the experience with the endoscopically assisted fixation of the customized total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis in TMJ Yang’s system only through a modified preauricular approach. Twenty patients (23 joints) treated with the custom-made total TMJ prosthesis were retrospectively recruited. An endoscopically assisted technique was used through a modified preauricular approach to fix the mandibular component for all these patients. These reconstructions were evaluated by surgical records, clinical examinations, and radiographic observations. All patients had successful fixation of the prosthesis. No patient had permanent weakness of the facial nerve and malocclusion or any other severe complications. The mean operative time was 111 min per joint (range, 85–133 min). The average surgical bleeding was 195 ml per side. The mean follow-up period was 16.2 months (range, 5–32 months). The mean scores were 8.3 for surgical satisfaction and 9.2 for scar healing evaluation. All patients experienced positive clinical outcomes, with a mean 75.2% reduction in pain and 53.7% increase in mouth opening with significant differences (P < 0.05). The endoscopically assisted TMJ reconstruction with the customized prosthesis in TMJ Yang’s system through the modified preauricular approach could produce good aesthetic and functional results.     

Accuracy of digital templates for guidance of custom-made total temporomandibular joint replacement

This study evaluated the application of digital templates to guide custom-made total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement. Patients treated with a custom-made total TMJ prosthesis for TMJ osteoarthrosis, ankylosis, or tumours were included prospectively. Before surgery, two types of digital template (articular eminence and condyle neck templates) were designed to guide the bone osteotomy and prosthesis positioning. The reconstructive outcomes were assessed through clinical examinations and accuracy analysis by superimposing the postoperative three-dimensional craniomaxillofacial model onto the preoperative virtual plan. Thirty-seven patients (45 joints) underwent successful TMJ reconstruction with the custom-made TMJ prosthesis guided by the digital templates, without intermaxillary fixation. For all patients, the occlusal relationship was stable in reference to the preoperative state. There were significant improvements in pain and maximum inter-incisal opening. Through merging of the pre- and postoperative craniomaxillofacial models, the maximum implanted error was 1.17 ± 0.23 mm in linear measurement and 1.19 ± 0.14 mm in surface deviation. There was more deviation in the anteromedial part of the fossa and inferior part of the mandibular handle. The digital templates were able to assist in the accurate placement of the TMJ prosthesis without the need for intermaxillary fixation.     

Novel approach to the study of jaw kinematics in an alloplastic TMJ reconstruction

Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction is a reliable treatment modality in patients with severely diseased TMJ with good clinical behaviour. TMJ mandibular function after alloplastic reconstruction has scarcely been analysed as a biomechanical parameter and investigation has generally been limited to interincisal measurements without deeper insight into joint kinematics. Dynamic stereometry to assess condylar movements relative to the fossa was performed at the 5 year follow-up of a patient who underwent condylar resection of the right TMJ followed by total alloplastic joint reconstruction to treat pigmented villonodular synovitis. The patient could achieve wide mouth opening, but overall mandibular kinematics showed a strong deviation towards the prosthetic side due to the lack of mandibular translation caused by the absence of the lateral pterygoid attachment. Possible overloading of the joint contralateral to the TMJ prosthesis might be prevented by optimizing replacement joint design.