窒息新生儿甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨足月新生儿窒息后血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法采用化学发光法测定52例足月窒息新生儿(重度窒息20例、轻度窒息32例)和35例健康足月儿出生1天及10天的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)含量,并观察其动态变化。结果生后第1天窒息组FT3、FT4明显低于对照组(P<0.01),重度窒息组低于轻度窒息组(P<0.05);重度窒息组TSH明显高于对照组(P<0.01),轻度窒息组与对照组间TSH差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。10天后各组FT3、FT4、TSH差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。生后1天时窒息组FT3、FT4低于正常值的比例和TSH高于正常值的比例均高于对照组(P<0.05),轻度窒息组FT3、FT4低于正常值的比例高于对照组(P<0.05),TSH高于正常值的比例与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),生后10天时各组各指标异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新生儿窒息可导致甲状腺功能受损,且随窒息程度加重而加重,血清甲状腺激素水平对判断窒息新生儿病情及观察疗效有一定意义。     

苯巴比妥、苯妥英、卡马西平对癫痫患儿甲状腺激素的影响

观察常用抗癫痫药物对癫痫患儿血清甲状腺激素的影响。对无甲状腺功能减退临床表现的癫痫患儿(各组均20例)共80例,应用RIA法测定血清TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3、rT3、TSH浓度。结果未经治疗癫痫患儿所有激素水平与正常对照组比较无显著差异,苯巴比妥组FT4值低于正常对照组(P<0.01),卡马西平组TT4、FT4值也明显降低(P<0.01),苯妥英组TT4、FT4、FT3值均显著降低(P<0.01),所有各组rT3、TSH无改变。资料表明,抗癫痫药物对甲状腺激素影响强度依次为苯妥英钠、卡马西平、苯巴比妥。     

肾病综合征甲状腺功能的研究

目的　探讨肾病综合征 (NS)患儿发作期和缓解期的甲状腺功能改变。方法　用放免法对 1 6例原发性NS在发作期和缓解期行血、尿T3、T4 、FT3、FT4 及血TSH水平测定。结果　发作期血清T3、T4 、FT3、FT4均低于正常 ,较缓解期及对照组显著下降 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,尿T3、T4 、FT3、FT4 较缓解期和对照组显著增多 (P <0 .0 0 0 1 )。结论　NS患儿发作期甲状腺功能低下 ,缓解后恢复正常 ,其主要原因可能是尿中大量蛋白丢失的结果     

窒息新生儿血糖、甲状腺功能变化

目的：探讨窒息新生儿血糖、甲状腺功能变化的意义。方法：对30例窒息新生儿(窒息组)及30例同期出生的正常新生儿(对照组)于第3天取静脉血送检测FT3,FT4,TSH,BS。结果：窒息新生儿FT3,FT4均低于对照组,有显著性差异;TSH,BS与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论：窒息新生儿FT3,FT4均显著低于正常新生儿;TSH,BS无明显差异。窒息新生儿适时使用甲状腺素治疗有利于疾病的恢复和减少并发症。     

内分泌系统疾病

00287,病理性新生儿甲状腺激素的变化及其临床意义/张善云…//四川医学一1999,20(5).一488~489 采用放射免疫法测血清T3、T‘、TSH,结果:二组的检测结果在性别上无差异。病理组中早产儿和足月低体重儿和血清TSH低于对照组(P<0.05),其余各类疾病的TSH值与对照组无显著差异(P>。.05),而病理组的血清T3、T4值均低于对照组,有显著差异(尸<0.01)。表1参2(姜红) 002880卡马西平对癫痛患儿甲状腺激素水平影响的临床观察/王临旭…//中国实用儿科杂志一2000,15(1)一26一27 平均治疗3个月后,T4、FT;分别为(1 13.1士40.6)mmol/L和(16.6士3.6)pm…     

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目的探讨心脏疾患及合并充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患儿心衰时,血清甲状腺激素(TH)水平的变化规律及临床意义。方法对2003-09—2006-09山西省阳泉市第一人民医院收治的116例心脏疾病患儿分为2组,心脏病合并CHF组82例,心脏病未合并CHF组34例,以28例健康体检儿童为对照组,均做如下检测及分析:(1)检测CHF患儿血清TH水平,包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离T3(FT3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离T4(FT4)、反T3(rT3)及促甲状腺激素(TSH),三组间进行比较。(2)以血清TH水平与心功能进行相关分析。(3)动态观察CHF患儿的血清TH水平,探索其变化规律。结果(1)CHF组与N-CHF组及正常对照组比,血清T3、FT3及FT4均显著降低(P<0.01),rT3显著升高(P<0.01)。(2)随心功能的下降,T3、FT3、T4、FT4渐降低,rT3渐升高。TSH与心功能变化无相关性。(3)CHF组经治疗后血清TH多恢复(P<0.01),顽固性心衰组则无恢复(P>0.05)。结论(1)小儿CHF伴有血清TH的改变,以T3、FT3及FT4的降低,rT3的升高为主,其改变程度与心功能状态具有相关性。(2)随着心功能的改善,TH的改变多渐恢复,顽固性心衰患儿则无恢复,提示TH水平持续不恢复者预后较差。     

危重新生儿甲状腺功能状态探讨

目的　 探讨危重新生儿甲状腺功能的变化。 方法 　对 3 0例危重新生儿 (危重组 )及 18例同期出生的正常新生儿(对照组 )于第 3～ 7天 (其中 18例危重新生儿于恢复期复查 )取静脉血检测T3、T4 、FT3、FT4 、rT3和TSH。 结果 　危重新生儿T3、T4 、FT3、FT4 均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ,rT3显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,TSH无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,恢复期危重新生儿T3、T4 、FT3、FT4 可基本恢复正常 ,但仍略低于对照组 (P >0 0 5 )。 结论 　危重症新生儿甲状腺功能损害严重 ,疾病恢复后甲状腺功能自行恢复 ,无需甲状腺素治疗     

新生儿胃肠道生长发育及胃肠激素的研究

为探讨新生儿胃肠动力学的特点 ,应用放免分析方法对 36例重度窒息新生儿、2 2例轻度窒息新生儿和 2 4例正常新生儿的血清胃泌素、血浆胃动素进行了检测和对比研究。结果显示 :重度窒息组血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素水平明显低于正常对照组 (t值分别为 8 32 5、3 5 75 ,P <0 0 1) ;轻度窒息组胃泌素和血浆胃动素与正常对照组相比无显著差异 ,(t值分别为 1 2 6 4、0 0 4 1、P >0 0 5 )。因此 ,新生儿重度窒息 (在围产期 )可导致血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素水平明显降低 ,从而导致喂养不耐受 ,易合并肠道并发症     

奥卡西平对局限性发作癫(癎)患儿血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的 探讨奥卡西平(OXC)单药治疗对癫(癎)患儿甲状腺激素水平的影响.方法 对18例门诊初诊为局限性发作的癫(癎)患儿(治疗组)行OXC单药治疗,采集用药前、平均治疗3个月及1 a后晨空腹静脉血3 mL,用放射免疫法检测其血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)、游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,并以18例健康儿童作为健康对照组.治疗组与健康对照组性别、年龄无统计学差异.结果 OXC治疗前T4、FT4、T3、FT3、TSH与健康对照组比较均无统计学差异(Pa >0.05).OXC治疗3个月,T4、FT4均比治疗前明显减低,差异均具有高度显著性(Pa <0.01),T3、FT3、TSH与治疗前比较均无统计学差异(Pa >0.05).OXC治疗1 a,T4、FT4与治疗前比较差异均具有高度显著性(Pa <0.01),T3与治疗前比较亦有显著差异(P<0.05),FT3、TSH与治疗前比较无统计学差异(Pa >0.05).OXC治疗1 a,T4、FT4、T3、FT3与治疗3个月相比均无统计学差异(Pa >0.05).结论 OXC长期或短期应用均可影响癫(癎)患儿甲状腺激素水平,OXC治疗期间须定期监测癫(癎)患儿的甲状腺功能.     

新生儿窒息血气和电解质变化的临床分析

目的分析新生儿窒息时血气及电解质变化。方法49例窒息新生儿根据Apgar评分分为轻度窒息组(n=20)和重度窒息组(n=29)。采用美国855血气分析仪测定动脉血血气和电解质变化。结果重度窒息组的血pH值、BE值、PaCO2均明显低于轻度窒息组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。窒息新生儿血清K 、Na 均低于正常水平,但轻、重度窒息组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。重度窒息患儿血清Cl-、Ca2 均明显低于轻度窒息者,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论新生儿窒息时血气变化以混合性酸碱失衡为主,重度窒息时血清Cl-、Ca2 明显降低,及时监测血气及电解质变化,有助于了解病情变化,指导治疗。     

先天性甲状腺功能减退症新生儿心电图改变的意义

目的评价先天性甲状腺功能减退症(CH)新生儿的心电图(ECG)改变,及与血清甲状腺激素(TH)水平的相关性,探讨TH减少对新生儿心脏电生理活动的影响。方法对50例CH新生儿(日龄17～28d)和35例健康新生儿(健康对照组)进行常规十二导联ECG检查,分别检测心率(HR)、PR间期(PR)、QT间期(QT)、QRS波电轴(QRSa)、QRS波时限(QRS)、校正QT间期(QTC)等,同时用化学发光法测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)和促甲状腺素(FSH)水平,对心电图指标和血TH水平行相关性分析。结果与健康对照组相比,CH组血清FT3、FT4、TT3、TT4水平显著降低,TSH水平显著升高(Pa<0.001);CH组HR显著低于健康对照组,PR及QT较健康对照组显著延长(Pa<0.05),但二组QRSa、QRS及QTC差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。HR与FT3、FT4呈显著正相关,与TSH呈显著负相关(Pa<0.05);PR间期与FT3、FT4、TT4呈显著负相关,与TSH呈显著正相关(Pa<0.05);但QT、QRS、QRSa及QTC与血TH水平均无明显相关(Pa>0.05)。结论CH可对新生儿窦房结起搏产生显著影响,引起心脏自律性改变,而心肌动作电位、房室传导等电生理活动则尚未受影响。     

Thyroid function in fetus and mother during the second half of normal pregnancy

Thyroid hormones, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and thryrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in 46 paired fetal and maternal blood samples collected between 17 and 36 weeks of gestation. The samples were selected retrospectively from fetuses that had undergone cordocentesis for prenatal diagnosis, had been found to be unaffected and confirmed healthy at birth. In maternal serum, total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations were high, but free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were within normal adult ranges; reverse T3 (RT3) increased and TSH levels decreased towards term. Fetal TT4, FT4, TT3, FT3, TBG and TSH levels significantly increased whereas RT3 sharply decreased with gestational age. The ratio of fetal TSH/FT4 significantly decreased, suggesting that the set point for negative feedback of pituitary TSH secretion is changing while the sensitivity of the thyroid gland to TSH increases throughout gestation. There was no significant correlation between the maternal and fetal TBG, TSH, TT4 and FT4, whereas maternal TT3 was positively correlated with fetal TT4, FT4, TT3 and FT3. Normal reference values for maternal and fetal iodothyronines, TBG and TSH throughout the second half of gestation provide insight into fetal thyroid development and may be useful for prenatal diagnosis.     

特发性肾病综合征患儿血清游离甲状腺激素检测的临床意义

探索特发性肾病综合症（ＩＮＳ）患儿血清游离甲状腺激素（ＴＨ）、甲状腺激素结合球蛋白（ＴＢＧ）的变化情况及其变化的机理和临床意义。对１６例ＩＮＳ患儿及１５例正常儿童对照,用放免法测Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４,化学发光酶免疫分析法测ＴＳＨ、ＴＢＧ,放射配基单点饱和饱和结合分析法测糖皮质激素受体（ＧＣＲ）。结果：①ＩＮＳ患儿Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４均低于对照组,ＴＳＨ升高,差异非常显著。②ＴＢＧ降低,ＴＢＧ与ＴＨ呈正相关。③ＩＮＳ患儿ＧＣＲ升高,ＴＨ与ＧＣＲ未见相关性。提示对糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）治疗敏感的ＩＮＳ患儿,虽然其ＴＨ是降低的,但其ＧＣＲ是升高的。     

Changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone-binding proteins during early infancy. Studies in healthy fullterm, small-for-gestational age and preterm infants aged 7 to 240 days.

Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin (Alb) were determined in 492 blood samples from 127 fullterm (FT), 91 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 88 preterm (PT) healthy infants aged 7 to 240 days. Serum T4 decreased about 20% during the first month of life. In infants aged 7--49 days, serum T4 concentrations were significantly lower in SGA than in FT infants, and even lower values were found in PT infants. Serum T3 increased 50--70% reaching maximal values by 50--79 days of life. Serum T3 levels were higher in FT than in SGA infants throughout the observation period. In PT infants serum T3 increased from low values to levels which exceeded those of SGA and FT infants by 120--240 days of life. Serum TSH level did not change with age and was less than or equal to 5 mU/l in all infants. Serum TBG values were high compared to normal adult values and did not change significantly with age. Comparable serum TBG values were found in FT, SGA and PT infants. Serum TBPA increased with age. Serum TBPA increased gradually in FT infants. In SGA infants serum TBPA increased from low values to levels which by 120--240 days of life exceeded those of PT and FT infants. In PT infants a decrease in serum TBPA appeared before the rise commenced. Serum Alb increased gradually in FT, SGA and PT infants during the observation period. Serum Alb in PT infants aged 30--119 days was lower than those in FT infants with similar ages. These physiological changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and hormone-binding proteins during early infancy should be considered when interpreting thyroid function tests in infants with various maturity.     

CHANGES IN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID HORMONES AND THYROID HORMONE-BINDING PROTEINS DURING EARLY INFANCY Studies in Healthy Fullterm, Small-for-gestational Age and Preterm Infants Aged 7 to 240 Days

Abstract. Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin (Alb) were determined in 492 blood samples from 127 fullterm (FT), 91 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 88 preterm (PT) healthy infants aged 7 to 240 days. Serum T ₄ decreased about 20% during the first month of life. In infants aged 7–49 days, serum T₄ concentrations were significantly lower in SGA than in FT infants, and even lower values were found in PT infants. Serum T ₃ increased 50–70% reaching maximal values by 50–79 days of life. Serum T₃ levels were higher in FT than in SGA infants throughout the observation period. In PT infants serum T₃ increased from low values to levels which exceeded those of SGA and FT infants by 120–240 days of life. Serum TSH level did not change with age and was 5 mU/1 in all infants. Serum TBG values were high compared to normal adult values and did not change significantly with age. Comparable serum TBG values were found in FT, SGA and PT infants. Serum TBPA increased with age. Serum TBPA increased gradually in FT infants. In SGA infants serum TBPA increased from low values to levels which by 120–240 days of life exceeded those of PT and FT infants. In PT infants a decrease in serum TBPA appeared before the rise commenced. Serum Alb increased gradually in FT, SGA and PT infants during the observation period. Serum Alb in PT infants aged 30–119 days was lower than those in FT infants with similar ages. These physiological changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and hormone-binding proteins during early infancy should be considered when interpreting thyroid function tests in infants with various maturity.     

窒息新生儿血糖、皮质醇、胰岛素水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察窒息新生儿血糖（BG）、皮质醇（Co）、胰岛素（InS）水平变化，以探讨其临床意思。方法用微量法和放免法检测40例正常新生儿和50例窒息新生儿血糖、皮质醇、胰岛素。结果窒息新生儿脐血BG、InS、Co明显升高，且与窒息严重程度呈正相关（r值分别为0．36、0．31、0．33）。出生3dBG和Co水平有所降低，而InS水平无降低趋势。重度窒息组与对照组相比，各项水平差异显著（P〈0．01），且窒息组3d时BG、Co水平与脐血相比有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论应激状态可造成BG、InS、Co升高，随窒息解除、病情缓解，胰岛素抵抗的恢复较血糖和皮质醇恢复慢。在窒息抢救时，尤其是重度窒息儿，应密切监测血糖与激素变化，且慎用糖皮质激素。     

Peripheral insensitivity to thyroid hormones in a euthyroid girl with goitre.

A 9-year-old girl was euthyroid with a small goitre, exophthalmos, scaphocephalic skull, minor sketelal abnormalities, and raised serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Other members of the family did not have goitres and their thyroid hormone levels were normal. From age 3 years the patient was treated for Graves''s disease, but after 4 years treatment was stopped because of enlargement of the goitre. Despite increased serum thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), and triiodothyronine (T3), basal serum TSH, and the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were normal. Pituitary refractoriness was present because full suppression of the TSH response to TRH was achieved only after daily administration of 500 micrograms thyroxine. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, and the activity of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase remained normal when excess T4 was administered, demonstrating the tissue resistance to thyroid hormones. Peripheral lymphocytes were found to have nuclear receptors for T3 with normal affinity, but the relatively low binding capacity indicated that the biochemical defect might be a deficiency of nuclear receptor protein. The findings in this patient differ somewhat from previously reported cases of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones.     

Changes in thyroid function after bone marrow transplant in young patients

BACKGROUND: Changes in thyroid function among young patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were evaluated. METHODS: The study included 91 patients (50 males) who underwent BMT from 1985 to 1995 at the age of 0.6-21 years. Sixty patients had neoplastic disease such as leukemia or lymphoma, and the remainder had non-neoplastic diseases. Preconditioning regimen for BMT included 12 Gy of fractionated-total body irradiation (TBI) for patients with neoplastic disease and 3-8 Gy of irradiation for the remaining patients, in addition to chemotherapy. Evaluation of thyroid function was performed by serial assessment of basal serum FT4, FT3, TSH concentrations as well as by TRH test. RESULTS: No patient had overt hypothyroidism or elevated basal TSH concentrations (>10 mU/L). However, 6 (7%) of patients experienced exaggerated peak TSH response to TRH stimulation several years after BMT. In 33 patients whose thyroid status was evaluated before, within 3 months, and 1 year after BMT, serum FT3 concentrations as well as peak TSH response to TRH stimulation significantly decreased immediately after BMT (<3 months) and normalized within 1 year. However, serum FT4 concentrations did not change significantly. One patient developed primary hypothyroidism and another developed follicular adenoma of the thyroid 5 and 12 years after BMT, respectively. CONCLUSION: Short-term changes in thyroid function after BMT can indicate euthyroid sick syndrome rather than tertiary hypothyroidism. It must be noted that overt hypothyroidism may occur several years after BMT, hence long-term follow-up of thyroid function is warranted.     

Effect of perinatal asphyxia on thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels

AIM: To compare serum concentrations of thyroid hormones--T4, T3, free T4 (FT4) and reverse T3 (rT3)--and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) found in the umbilical cord blood of term newborns with and without asphyxia and those found in their arterial blood collected between 18 and 24 h after birth. A further aim of the study was to assess the association between severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and altered thyroid hormone and TSH levels, and between mortality and FT4 levels in the arterial blood of newborns between 18 and 24 h of life. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out. The case group comprised 17 term newborns (Apgar score < or = 3 and < or = 5 at the first and fifth minutes; umbilical cord blood pH < or = 7.15) who required bag and mask ventilation for at least one minute immediately after birth. The control group consisted of 17 normal, term newborns (Apgar score > or = 8 and > or = 9 at the first and fifth minutes; umbilical cord blood pH > or = 7.2). Cord blood and arterial blood samples were collected immediately after birth and 18 to 24 h after birth, respectively, and were used in the blood gas analysis and to determine serum concentrations of T4, T3, FT4, rT3 and TSH by radioimmunoassay. All newborns were followed-up until hospital discharge or death. RESULTS: Gestational age, birthweight, sex, size for gestational age, mode of delivery and skin color (white and non-white) were similar for both groups. No differences were found in mean levels of cord blood TSH, T4, T3 and FT4 between the groups. In the samples collected 18 to 24 h after birth, mean levels of TSH, T4, T3 and FT4 were significantly lower in the asphyxiated group than in the control group. Mean concentrations of arterial TSH, T4 and T3 between 18 and 24 h of life were lower than concentrations found in the cord blood analysis in asphyxiated newborns, but not in controls. In addition, asphyxiated newborns with moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy presented significantly lower mean levels of TSH, T4, T3 and FT4 than those of controls. None of the asphyxiated newborns with FT4 > or = 2.0 ng/dl died; 6 out of the 11 asphyxiated newborns with FT4 < 2.0 ng/dl died. CONCLUSIONS: Serum concentrations of TSH, T4, T3 and FT4 are lower in asphyxiated newborns than in normal newborns between 18 and 24 h of life; this suggests central hypothyroidism secondary to asphyxia. Asphyxiated newborns with moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy present a greater involvement of the thyroid function and consequently a greater risk of death.