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儿童青少年超重和肥胖不仅对其身心健康影响重大,亦危害成年期的生活质量,已成为全球范围的公共卫生问题.近年来,中国儿童青少年超重肥胖率的增长较为突出,为探索和评估其防控策略及防控措施的效果,国内专家学者对其流行现状及特征进行了大量研究.本文对国内专家学者的研究进展进行了综述. 相似文献
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Welsh J. A. Cogswell M. E. Rogers S. 《世界核心医学期刊文摘》2006,2(6):56-56
目的:观察学龄前儿童的超重与甜饮料消费间的关系。方法:采用回顾性研究观察学龄前儿童的超重与甜饮料消费的关系。于1999年1月至2001年12月对10904名2~3岁儿童进行随访,收集其身高、体重、哈佛食物频率问卷的数据,并在1年后再收集身高和体重的数据。甜饮料包括含维生素C的果汁、其他果汁、果汁饮料及哈佛食物频率问卷中所列的苏打水。logistic回归分析用于对年龄、性别、种族、出生体重、高脂饮食和甜食的摄入、总卡路里等进行校正,结果按体重指数(BMI)基线进行分层。 相似文献
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目的 了解超重及肥胖与社会经济地位的关系,为超重和肥胖的健康干预工作提供参考.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取调查对象,对辽宁省某市7791名35岁以上居民进行超重及肥胖与社会经济地位关系的研究.采用自行设计的调查问卷,调查问卷内容包括家庭基本情况、居住环境、家庭年度总收入、家族史、医疗保障、吸烟饮酒情况、饮食习惯、睡眠质量、体育锻炼、体格检查状况.数据处理使用SPSS17.0统计学软件进行χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 超重和肥胖占总人数的45%,其中超重率33.5%,肥胖率11.5%.经多因素调整后,超重和肥胖人群在收入、职业、文化上的差异有统计学意义.家庭人均年收入和职业类型与超重和肥胖呈正相关;受教育水平与超重和肥胖呈负相关.结论 辽宁省某市超重及肥胖与社会经济地位关系紧密,应将高收入、白领职业和低学历人群作为重点健康干预对象. 相似文献
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儿童焦虑症与不同家庭特征的对照研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:探讨不同家庭特征与儿童焦虑的关联性。方法:使用费立鹏等引进的家庭环境量表对144例焦虑症患儿的家庭特征进行调查,同时以无心理疾患的正常儿童家庭作对照。结果:除恐怖性焦虑症外,其余焦虑症儿童家庭在亲密度,独立性,成功和娱乐性等分量表中的得分明显低于儿童家庭(P<0.01),社交性焦虑症患儿家庭在道德宗教分量表上得分最低(P<0.01)。在4组焦虑症患儿家庭,亲密度均与知识性呈正相关(r=0.9219,0.8348,0.8935,0.9550,P均<0.001)。结论:焦虑症患儿家庭成员间的心灵沟通欠缺,社交,文化活动不够。家庭特征明显影响儿童心身的正常发育。 相似文献
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目的:调查2016年吉林省延吉市城区儿童和青少年超重/肥胖现状及相关的生活方式,阐明超重/肥胖的影响因素。方法:采用普查方法对吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁的儿童和青少年42 132人进行身高和体质量测量,计算体质量指数(BMI)。采用问卷调查、分层整群随机抽样方法,在参加体检调查对象中抽取10~14岁儿童和青少年1 523人,调查饮食习惯。采用中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重和肥胖,采用Logistic回归分析和中介效应分析方法筛选超重/肥胖影响因素。结果:2016年吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁儿童和青少年超重和肥胖总体检出率分别为16.7%和18.4%,超重+肥胖检出率为35.0%。男生超重和肥胖检出率(18.6%,22.0%)均高于女生(14.7%,14.4%)(P<0.01)。7~13岁男生各年龄组超重检出率均高于同年龄的女生(P<0.05或P<0.01),男生各年龄组肥胖检出率均高于同年龄的女生(P<0.01)。男生超重检出率在12岁达到高峰,在6~10岁肥胖检出率(23.8%~25.6%)均较高,11~17岁肥胖检出率随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降。每周吃烧烤食物≥ 3次(男生OR=1.767,P=0.010,95% CI:1.148~2.719;女生OR=2.205,P=0.002,95% CI:1.327~3.664)和节食减肥(男生OR=2.113,P<0.001,95% CI:1.456~3.065;女生OR=2.128,P<0.001,95% CI:1.430~3.167)增加儿童和青少年超重/肥胖风险,每周吃甜点心≥ 3次(男生OR=0.359,P<0.001,95% CI:0.226~0.573;女生OR=0.324,P<0.001,95% CI:0.186~0.565)和按时吃三餐(男生OR=0.683,P=0.028,95% CI=0.486~0.960;女生OR=0.624,P=0.016,95% CI=0.424~0.916)可降低超重/肥胖风险。自我评价体型在超重肥胖和每天按时吃三餐之间具有完全中介效应。结论:吉林省延吉市6~17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率处于较高水平,日常饮食习惯和节食减肥是超重/肥胖的主要影响因素。 相似文献
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目的探讨学龄期儿童超重和肥胖的影响因素,为儿童超重和肥胖的防治提供基础资料。方法选取155名7~11岁儿童作为研究对象,其中肥胖104例、超重51例,160例7~11岁正常体重儿作为正常对照。通过问卷调查的方式研究儿童肥胖的影响因素,对相关因素采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果人工喂养、父亲超重或肥胖、母亲超重或肥胖、食欲好食量大、经常喝饮料或吃甜品、每天运动时间〈2 h是儿童肥胖的危险因素。结论儿童超重或肥胖的形成并非单一因素造成,与父母的肥胖程度和生活方式密切相关。 相似文献
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儿童期社会经济地位是指儿童期的社会阶层和父母教育程度的认知,近年来研究表明其与中老年健康相关,不良的儿童期社会经济地位可能导致中老年出现严重的健康问题,其是从整个生命周期的角度探讨中老年健康的影响因素。生命历程健康发展理论、路径模型及变动模型将儿童期社会经济地位与中老年健康进行关联。儿童期社会经济地位影响中老年健康的发生机制包括环境因素和医疗卫生服务的可及性等。本文应用生命历程健康发展理论、路径模型及变动模型阐述儿童期社会经济地位与中老年健康的关系及其发生机制。 相似文献
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目的研究农村居民社会经济状况(socioeconomic status,SES)与高血压患病率的关系。方法通过对甘肃省榆中县1228名居民进行问卷调查和体检,收集高血压患病情况及文化程度、经济收入、职业的数据,分析SES(文化程度、经济收入、职业)与高血压之间的关系。结果调查人群高血压患病率为27.4%,男女性高血压患病率分别为27.1%和27.7%(P>0.05)。高血压患病率随年龄增加而增加(P<0.05)。社会经济状况与高血压患病相关,其中男性高SES组与低SES组相比,患高血压的比数比是2.36(95%CI:1.27~4.40);女性SES与高血压的关系与男性相反,随着SES增高,患高血压的危险降低,但是差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SES与高血压的关系在农村男女性居民之中不同,男性SES与高血压患病率呈正相关,女性则未发现显著的关联。 相似文献
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DENG Yan YANG Dan YU Jia Ming XU Jing Xian HUA Hui CHEN Ren Tong WANG Nan OU Feng Rong LIU Ru Xi WU Bo LIU Yang 《Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES》2021,34(2):101-109,中插2-中插13
Objective To assess the association of socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract blindness in terms of year lived with disability(YLD) rates and to determine whether ultraviolet radiation(UVR) levels modify the effect of socioeconomic status on this health burden.Methods National and subnational age-standardized YLD rates associated with cataract-related blindness were derived from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) study 2017. The human development index(HDI) from the Human Development Report was used as a measure of socioeconomic status.Estimated ground-level UVR exposure was obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).Results Across 185 countries, socioeconomic status was inversely associated with the burden of cataract blindness. Countries with a very high HDI had an 84% lower age-standardized YLD rate [95%confidence interval(CI): 60%–93%, P < 0.001] than countries with a low HDI;for high-HDI countries, the proportion was 76%(95% CI: 53%–88%, P < 0.001), and for medium-HDI countries, the proportion was48%(95% CI: 15%–68%, P = 0.010;P for trend < 0.001). The interaction analysis showed that UVR exposure played an interactive role in the association between socioeconomic status and cataract blindness burden(P value for interaction = 0.047).Conclusion Long-term high-UVR exposure amplifies the association of poor socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract-related blindness. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening UVR exposure protection interventions in developing countries with high-UVR exposure. 相似文献
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Socioeconomic Distribution of Health and Health Care Utilization in a New Town in Hong Kong, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Objectives To assess the association of socioeconomic indicators with various chronic and acute illnesses and the utilization of public health care in a new town in Hong Kong, China.Methods Illness experience and socioeconomic and demographic data of 7570 residents from 2022 randomly selected households were collected through telephone interviews. The relationships between indicators and illnesses/choice of health care were explored using stepwise logistic regressions after adjusting for sex and age. Results Significant positive associations were noted between low household income and diabetes meUitus, any chronic illnesses among adults and flu among younger subjects; low educational level and accident-related illness among adults; being born in Chinese mainland and flu, any acute illness in adults. For the utilization of public health care, low household income was the most consistent risk factor. Conclusion This study did not demonstrate a unidirectional socioeconomic gradient in health but supported the hypothesis that socioeconomic deprivation was associated with the utilization of public health care. 相似文献
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Objective To determine the extent of the obesity epidemic in school‐aged Chinese children in 2010 and track the increasing trend in different socioeconomic regions over the preceding 25 years. Strategies for preventing childhood obesity are suggested. Methods We used a dataset provided by the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health from 1985‐2010. Subjects were 7‐18‐year‐old students randomly selected from urban and rural areas in 30 provinces. Eight subgroups were created according to region and socioeconomic status. Results Increased rates of the epidemic (overweight and obesity combined) were greatest in large coastal cities‐32.6% and 19.1% among males and females, respectively. These rates has neared that of developed countries. Similar increases were found in all other regions, including the once poverty‐stricken rural west. The epidemic in most of the rural areas began after 2000, but has spread swiftly over the last decade. In 2010, it was estimated that 9.9% of Chinese school‐aged children and adolescents were overweight and that an additional 5.1% were obese, representing an estimated 30.43 million individuals. Conclusion The prognosis for China’s childhood‐obesity epidemic is dire. To prevent childhood obesity, we suggest several strategies, including reasonable dietary intake, increase physical activity, a change in sedentary lifestyles and corresponding behavioral modifications. 相似文献
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北京市部分职业人群亚健康状态及其影响因素的调查研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
目的 了解北京市部分职业人群的亚健康状况及其影响因素,从而为找出这部分人群亚健康状态的高危因素并制定有效的预防措施提供依据.方法 采用<中国城市(北京)人口亚健康状态综合评价、诊断与分型的研究>亚健康调查问卷,对北京市西城区不同行业的职业人群1 000人进行亚健康症状问卷调查.采用t检验或方差分析比较不同性别、年龄、学历和职业调查人群间亚健康总分的差异,并采用多元线性回归分析亚健康状态的影响因素.结果 调查对象中女性亚健康总分及各个维度得分均高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);40岁以上年龄组的亚健康总分最高,为(52.78±1.28)分;教育工作人员以及医疗工作者的亚健康总分在不同职业中最高,为(53.70±0.84)分.经逐步法筛选自变量,亚健康状态的危险因素为工作竞争、接受超出能力的工作;保护性因素为参加体育锻炼、有谈心的朋友、白天停顿休息放松.结论 亚健康状态的高危人群为40岁以上,且女性更容易出现,工作、社会环境因素是诱发亚健康状态的重要因素.应针对这部分人群开展健康教育,调整其工作、生活、行为方式,预防亚健康状态并阻止其向疾病转化. 相似文献
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华东某地区军队人员两周患病情况及其影响因素分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:调查华东某地区军队人员主要健康问题及其影响因素,探讨医疗服务的潜在需求.方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法对2300名军队人员进行健康询问调查,利用Logistic回归模型对军队人员两周患病情况和影响因素进行分析.结果:回收有效问卷2187份,有效率95.09%.该地区军队人员的两周患病率是25.88%(566/2187).两周患病的主要疾病构成为感冒(39.79%)、腰腿痛(18.65%)、胃痛(16.30%)、训练伤(2.94%),其他(22.32%).Logistic回归结果表明,心理压力是影响两周患病的最主要因素标准偏回归系数为0.203 1,优势比(OR)为1.403,年购药自付费用>100元、年龄55岁及以上、离退休干部、团以下干部和陆军兵种等因素对两周患病有较大影响.结论:应重视部队心理健康教育和基层团以下干部的健康问题,加大健康教育的力度,改善军队人员的健康状况,确保部队战斗力. 相似文献
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目的:了解4个地区居民自我药疗行为的现状及其特点,分析影响4个地区居民自我药疗行为和自我药疗意愿的主要因素。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对抽取的北京、西安、成都和昆明4地区4 400户城乡居民进行健康询问调查,选择明确回答半年内是否采取自我药疗行为及是否愿意自我药疗的15岁以上居民(n=8 826),再从中选取无任何缺失项的8 585个居民作为分析对象,以Andersen医疗服务利用框架,采用Logistic回归方法对先决、使能和需要3个层面的相关因素与自我药疗行为和自我药疗意愿的关系进行了实证分析。结果:控制其他变量条件下,25~44岁居民、45~64岁居民、65岁及以上居民采取自我药疗行为的概率分别是参照组(15~24岁居民)的1.52倍(P=0.000)、1.59倍(P=0.000)、1.53倍(P=0.001);城市居民比农村居民更少采取自我药疗行为(P=0.000);半年内至少有1种常见病症的居民采取自我药疗行为的概率是参照组(未有常见病症居民)的10.85倍;患有慢性病居民的自我药疗意愿是参照组(未患有慢性病居民)的1.22倍(P=0.035);半年内至少有1种常见病症居民的自我药疗意愿是... 相似文献
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LUO Hui 《中国结合医学杂志》2015,21(1):67-70
Objective:To introduce and explore the current status and prospects of traditional Tibetan medicine(TTM) in China.Methods:Government websites,national statistics,and authoritative papers from journal and government daily were fully searched.Further data were gathered by related experts.Results:With the implementation of policies on growing TTM,there have been improvements in TTM’s health care,scientific research,education,and pharmacy industry.TTM hospitals contribute to the health service system in Tibet Autonomous Region and other four Tibetan regions;TTM education has been incorporated into national education system in China;the number of scientific researches on TTM funded by the government is increasing year by year;Tibetan medicines become available to more people with the development of TTM pharmacy industry.Conclusion:TTM is well preserved and developed in China,and more efforts should be taken to promote its spread and development. 相似文献