雷公藤属醋酸乙酯部位化学成分及药理作用研究进展

雷公藤属植物化学成分复杂,具有广泛的药理作用。现在已经从雷公藤属醋酸乙酯提取部位分离得到多种化学成分,主要为二萜类、三萜类、倍半萜类、生物碱类及其他化合物;药理研究表明其具有抗炎、免疫抑制、抗血小板聚集作用和杀虫活性。对雷公藤属醋酸乙酯部位化学成分及药理作用研究进展进行综述,为后续研究提供理论依据。     

苍耳属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的对菊科苍耳属(XanthiumL.)植物的化学成分及药理作用作一综述。方法按照化合物的结构类型对苍耳属植物的化学成分进行分类综述,并且对其主要的生物活性进行总结。结果苍耳属植物中含有的化学成分主要有倍半萜内酯类、水溶性苷类、挥发油等化合物,它们具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛等药理作用。结论为苍耳属植物的进一步研究提供了依据。     

南蛇藤属植物的化学成分与药理作用

南蛇藤属植物分布广泛,含有丰富的萜类、生物碱、黄酮类化合物。近来的研究证明其具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、镇痛、抗菌等广泛的药理活性,因此对其药效学物质基础进行深入的研究具有重要的现实意义。     

棘豆属植物化学成分与药理作用

棘豆属植物全世界有300余种,在民族医药中有广泛的应用。该属植物的化学成分主要包括黄酮类、三萜皂苷类、生物碱类等,这些化合物主要具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制等药理作用。综述了近20年来对棘豆属植物的化学成分及药理、毒理等方面的研究进展,为该属植物的开发利用提供参考。     

苦苣菜属植物化学成分与药理作用

苦苣菜属植物主要含倍半萜类及黄酮类化合物,此外还含有香豆素类、木脂素类、甘油酸酯苷类等化合物。该属植物及其提取物具有保肝、抗肿瘤、利尿、降血糖、降血压、降胆固醇、抗炎、抗氧化、抗凝血、抗菌、解毒、对脑缺血缺氧脑保护等药理作用。综述了近年来对苦苣菜属植物化学成分及药理作用研究情况,为国内研发和推广该属植物提供依据。     

蒙药漏芦花成分和药理作用研究进展

目的 为深入研究传统蒙药漏芦花成分及其药理作用提供参考。方法 检索中国知网、PubMed数据库中的相关文献，检索时限为1991年1月至2022年9月，分析并总结蒙药漏芦花的成分及药理作用。结果 漏芦花药材的成分主要包括黄酮类化合物31个、噻吩类化合物12个、萜类化合物19个、植物蜕皮激素类化合物21个、甾醇类化合物3个、木脂素类化合物2个；这些成分主要有抗癌、保肝、抗氧化、抗炎等药理作用，还可改善记忆，抗衰益智，调血脂等。结论 漏芦花的药用价值高，应进一步加强对其药理作用及机制的研究，为其药用资源的进一步开发提供科学依据。     

雷公藤内酯的提取、分析和药理作用研究进展

雷公藤内酯是雷公藤属多种植物中的主要有效成分之一,由于其生理活性强,具有显著的抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎等作用,在临床上得到广泛的应用.综述近几年来该化合物的提取方法,包括溶剂法、超声提取法、超临界提取法等,检测方法以及药理作用及其机制研究,为该化合物的进一步开发、利用提供参考.     

青蒿素及其衍生物药理作用研究有关进展

青蒿素属倍半萜内酯化合物,其衍生物主要有双氢青蒿素、青蒿琥酯、蒿甲醚和蒿乙醚,现在临床上主要用于治疗疟疾。随着对青蒿素及其衍生物药理作用的研究不断深入,除抗疟作用外,近年来又相继报道了抗炎、抗细菌脓毒症、抗肿瘤、放射增敏、抗菌增敏、抗组织纤维化等作用。笔者在此对国内外近年发现的青蒿素及其衍生物药理作用研究的最新现状作一综述。     

白叶藤属植物化学成分、药理作用及毒理研究新进展

白叶藤属植物在我国分布广泛,药用价值前景良好,其化学成分主要为生物碱类、苯丙素类、挥发油等化合物,具有镇痛、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、抗菌、抗疟、保肝和抗氧化等药理作用,同时又可引起神经毒性、生殖毒性和细胞毒性等毒副作用。本文对白叶藤属植物的化学成分、药理作用和毒理研究进行综述,以期为该属植物的深入研究和进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

中药甘草成分和药理作用及其现代临床应用的研究进展

甘草属豆科植物,在中医临床治疗疾病用药历史悠久,是一种使用频率较高的中药饮片,具有极高的药用价值.近年来,甘草的化学成分及其药理作用愈来愈受到人们的重视.现已鉴定的甘草主要化学分成有黄酮、皂苷、香豆素、多糖类等化合物,且其活性成分具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、保肝等多种药理作用.本文对甘草的主要化学成分、药理作用及其临床应...     

A new sesquiterpene ester inhibiting no production from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus

A new β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene ester, 1β,2β,6α, 13-tetraacetoxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (1), and the known compound 1β,6α,13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (2), have been isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 shows moderate activity of inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 55.4 μM.     

A new sesquiterpene ester from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus

From the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., a new dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene ester named 6α,13β-diacetoxy-1β,8β,9β-tribenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (1) has been isolated, along with three known compounds: 1β,6α,8β-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-agarofuran (2), 1β,6α-diacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (3) and β-sitostrol (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

月季花化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

月季花化学成分丰富多样,主要包括黄酮类、黄酮苷类、酚酸类化合物、芳香油、鞣质和色素等成分,其提取物或某些化学成分在抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面显示了较好的生物活性。本文综述了月季花植物中化学成分及药理作用的研究进展,并对今后月季花的应用前景做了展望。     

Pharmacological characterization of Synoeca cyanea venom: An aggressive social wasp widely distributed in the Neotropical region

The venom of social wasps has been poorly studied so far, despite the high number of accidents in humans and assessment of the use of these wasps as a biological control of pests. The study of the pharmacological effects of the venom is of great importance since the poisoning is dangerous causing serious systemic effects, including death in the case of multiple attacks. In this study, the pharmacological activities of venom from the social wasp Synoeca cyanea were evaluated by the following assays: LD50 in mice, the behavioural effects and the hemorrhagic activity induced by the venom in mice, the oedematogenic activity in rat, the haemolysis in human blood, the stimulating effect on guinea-pig smooth muscle, and the antimicrobial activity. The aim was to determine the toxic effects of venom and to perform a comparative study with earlier work conducted with venom from other wasp species. Results showed that S. cyanea venom produced a potent dose-dependent oedema, as well as antibacterial and haemolytic activities, suggesting the presence of histamine, serotonin, kinins and other molecules related to increased vascular permeability and cytolytic activity in this venom. Despite previous studies with wasp venoms, S. cyanea venom presented a slight hemorrhagic effect. Data obtained in the smooth muscle assay also suggest the presence of BK or analogues in S. cyanea whole venom. The knowledge of symptoms and effects produced by S. cyanea venom is critical for health organizations, in order to improve clinical treatment in accidents caused by wasp stings.     

鸡屎藤的化学成分、药理活性及临床应用研究进展

鸡屎藤Paederia scandens（Lour．）Merr．为茜草科鸡屎藤属草本植物,为民间常用草药,主要含有黄酮、环烯醚萜苷和挥发油类成分,具有显著的镇痛和抗炎作用,临床用于多种疼痛和胃肠道等疾病的治疗。本文通过查阅近年的文献资料,对鸡屎藤的化学成分、药理活性和临床应用进行综述,为鸡屎藤的研究开发和临床应用提供科学依据。     

Research on Acute Toxicity and the Behavioral Effects of Methanolic Extract from Psilocybin Mushrooms and Psilocin in Mice

The pharmacological activities and acute toxicity of the psilocin (PC) and dried residues of the crude extracts of psychotropic mushrooms were investigated in mice. The hallucinogenic substances were effectively isolated, by using methanol, from the species of Psilocybe semilanceata and Pholiotina cyanopus, that were collected in the north-east region of Poland. The chemical analysis of these extracts, which was performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS), indicated the presence of psilocin and other hallucinogenic substances, including indolealkylamines and their phosphorylated analogues. When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD₅₀ values were observed. However, the application of PC evoked the highest level of toxicity (293.07 mg/kg) compared to the activity of extracts from Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata, where the level of LD₅₀ was 316.87 mg/kg and 324.37 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the behavioral test, which considered the head-twitching response (HTR), was used to assess the effects of the studied psychotropic factors on the serotonergic system. Both, the fungal extracts and psilocin evoked characteristic serotoninergic effects depending on the dose administered to mice, acting as an agonist/partial agonist on the serotonergic system. A dose of 200 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced spontaneous head-twitching in mice (100% effect), as a result of the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. Compared to the activity of 5-HTP, the intraperitoneal administration of 1mg/kg of psilocin or hallucinogenic extracts of studied mushrooms (Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata) reduced the number of head-twitch responses of about 46% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, the administration of PC exhibited a reduction of about 60% in HTR numbers.     

Ribes fasciculatum var. chinense Attenuated Allergic Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

Ribes fasciculatum var. chinense MAX. (R. fasciculatum) has traditionally been used in Korea to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-inflammatory effect of R. fasciculatum is not completely understood. We aimed to ascertain the pharmacological effects of R. fasciculatum on both compound 48/80- or histamine-induced scratching behaviors and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. Additionally, to find a possible explanation for the anti-inflammatory effects of R. fasciculatum, we evaluated the effects of R. fasciculatum on the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Treatment of R. fasciculatum significantly reduced compound 48/80- or histamine-induced the pruritus in mice. R. fasciculatum attenuated the AD symptoms such as eczematous, erythema and dryness and serum IgE levels in AD model. Additionally, R. fasciculatum inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The maximal rates of TNF-α and IL-6 inhibition by R. fasciculatum (1 mg/ml) were approximately 32.12% and 46.24%, respectively. We also showed that R. fasciculatum inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Collectively, the findings of this study provide us with novel insights into the pharmacological actions of R. fasciculatum as a potential molecule for use in the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.     

Chemical constituents of the stems of Celastrus rugosus

Two new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids rugosusines A and B (1 and 2), and thirty-one known compounds were isolated from the stems of Celastrus rugosus. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI–MS and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested against SKOV3 and MGC-803 cell lines by CCK-8 method.     

Molecular network-based analysis of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction,a TCM herbal formula,for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Aim:

Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formula, has been shown effective in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, network analysis was performed to decipher the molecular mechanisms of GSZ in the treatment of DPN.

Methods:

The chemical components of the 3 herbs forming GSZ, ie, Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi), Paeonia lactiflora (Shaoyao) and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Zhimu), were searched in Chinese medicine dictionaries, and their target proteins were identified in PubChem. DPN genes were searched in PubMed gene databases. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to build the GSZ pharmacological network and DPN molecular network. The canonical pathways between the two networks were compared to decipher the molecular mechanisms of GSZ in the treatment of DPN.

Results:

Sixty-one protein targets for Guizhi, 31 targets for Shaoyao, 47 targets for Zhimu, as well as 23 genes related to DPN were identified and uploaded to IPA. The primary functions of the DPN molecular network were inflammatory response, metabolic disease, cellular assembly and organization. As far as the pharmacological network functions were concerned, Guizhi target proteins were involved in neurological disease, inflammatory disease, cellular growth and proliferation, cell signaling, molecular transport, and nucleic acid metabolism, Shaoyao target proteins were related to neurological disease, inflammatory disease, and Zhimu target proteins focused on cell death and survival, cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, DNA replication, recombination and repair, and cell cycle. In the three-herb combination GSZ, several new network functions were revealed, including the inflammatory response, gene expression, connective tissue development and function, endocrine system disorders, and metabolic disease. The canonical pathway comparison showed that Shaoyao focused on IL-12 signaling and production in macrophages, and Zhimu focused on TNFR2 signaling, death receptor signaling, ILK signaling, IL-17A in gastric cells, IL-6 signaling, IL-8 signaling, the role of JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2 in interferon signaling, IL-9 signaling, HMGB1 signaling, NO production and ROS production in macrophages, whereas GSZ focused aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and apoptosis signaling in addition to those pathways induced by Guizhi, Shaoyao and Zhimu.

Conclusion:

Although each single herb can affect some DPN-related functions and pathways, GSZ exerts more effects on DPN-related functions and pathways. The effects of GSZ on aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and apoptosis signaling pathways may be the key components of its total molecular mechanisms.     

树参属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

五加科Araliaceae树参属Dendropanax植物含有多种结构类型的化学成分,主要为多炔类,萜类,皂苷,挥发油等;用于瘫痪、偏头痛、臂丛神经炎、风湿性及类风湿性关节炎、扭伤、痈疖、小儿麻痹后遗症、月经不调等疾病的治疗,有抗心律失常、抗癌、抗菌和抗风湿、抗动脉粥样硬化、抑制酪氨酸酶的活性、抗肝炎病毒等药理活性。本文对树参属植物的化学成分及药理活性进行综述,为进一步开发利用该属植物提供参考。