某航空公司民航飞行员的心理健康状况

目的 了解民航飞行员的心理健康状况,并为今后进一步的相关研究奠定基础.方法 将匹斯堡睡眠质量指数、抑郁、焦虑自评量表、疲劳量表相结合,采用适合飞行员疗养使用的心理健康问卷对健康疗养中的某航空公司现役飞行员进行问卷调查.结果 民航现役飞行员中,入睡困难、需要更多时间休息、夜间易醒、躯体疲劳、兴趣减退、焦虑、检出率较高,分别为50.45％、82.9％、76.57％、60.4％、87.39％、74.77％;在睡眠效率因子上,50岁以上的飞行员不如50岁以下的飞行员,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在需要更多时间休息因子上,20～ 35岁组与36 ～50岁组的飞行员比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应重视民航飞行员在不同年龄阶段的心理卫生问题,加强对他们的心理卫生保健工作.     

医院员工满意度影响因素研究进展

医院员工满意度调查是目前衡量职工满意度状况的工具,能反映医院对员工的关注度,反映医院存在的问题,从而提出有效的措施整改。我国近年来开始逐渐关注医院员工的满意度,研究主要从工作满意度定义、工作满意度的测量方法及测量工具、工作满意度的理论基础及工作满意度的影响因素等几个方面开展的,不同时间、不同地区对于医院员工满意度的调查结果均有所不同。     

南昌市东湖区小学教师疲劳现状及其影响因素研究

目的了解南昌市小学教师疲劳的流行现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样研究方法,在南昌市东湖区10所小学中随机抽取4所小学,对抽中小学校所有从事教学工作的319名教师进行问卷调查与疲劳自评量表检测。结果 （1）83.9%的教师有不同程度的疲劳感,按疲劳测评量表评分标准对其疲劳进行评分,小学教师疲劳平均分为（28.52±15.35）分;（2）疲劳得分的多元线性回归分析提示睡眠质量差、目前工作压力大、现职工作满意和日常工作量大这4个因素与疲劳存在线性关系。结论小学教师疲劳现象较普遍,其预防应从睡眠质量、目前工作压力程度、对工作满意度和日常工作量4个方面加以重视。     

微型睡眠监护评价系统的研究

通过对人体睡眠呼吸障碍疾病的病理原理、睡眠呼吸测量方法、监护评价指标的研究,设计一种微型睡眠监护评价系统。分别基于光谱吸收法和力变化的方法．利用高性能的脉搏氧饱和度监测技术,以及新型传感器的呼吸监测技术．测量人体血氧饱和度和胸腹呼吸信号．从算法和传感器安装使用上提高信号的质量与可靠性．从而研制了一款成本低、易用性高．方便家庭使用的睡眠监护评价系统。     

海南三甲医院医护人员慢性疲劳与睡眠质量相关分析

目的 了解海南省三甲医院医护人员慢性疲劳现况及其与睡眠质量的关系,为早期诊断慢性疲劳和寻找有效的预防措施提供科学依据.方法 采用横断面研究的方法,用多级随机抽样的方法抽取1 042名医护人员,用疲劳量表14(FS-14)和睡眠质量量表(PSQI)进行测评.结果 FS-14总平均得分为(7.43±3.04)分,慢性疲劳的发生率为38.77％(404/1042),躯体疲劳得分(4.79±2.31)分,脑力疲劳得分(2.63±1.40)分;躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳、疲劳总分与PSQI各因子分的相关分析表明,均呈正相关,其差异有统计学意义(r=0.22～0.43,P＜0.05);多重线回归分析表明,日间功能障碍、睡眠障碍、睡眠效率、睡眠质量与疲劳呈正相关.结论 医护人员慢性疲劳与睡眠质量有关,睡眠质量越低,慢性疲劳程度越高.所以应保证医护人员的充足睡眠,以提高工作效率.     

对农村居民睡眠时间的调查

睡眠对于维护人体健康有着举足轻重的作用。充足的睡眠可以消除疲劳,使人的精力和体力得到有效的恢复,从而促进健康。为了解我市农村居民的睡眠时间,有针对性地采取相应的措施,使农村居民有充足的睡眠,以提高他们的生活和工作质量,我们进行了此次调查。现将结果报告如下:1 对象和方法1.1 对象 调查对象为我市5个镇的农村居民1.2 方法与内容 在5个镇各随机抽1个村,由调查员采用偶遇式面对面问卷调查方法,在每个村随机调查120人(年龄为15周岁以上),询问其每天的睡眠时间。睡眠时间的划分     

海军飞行员睡眠质量及影响因素分析

目的 了解海军飞行员睡眠质量，分析其影响因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法 2021年12月，以海军某部87名飞行员为调查对象，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）和睡眠相关因素自制量表进行睡眠质量和影响因素调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 海军飞行员睡眠质量得分为（5.22±2.66）分，高于国内常模[（3.88±2.52）分]，低于军医大学学员[（6.05±2.65）分]（均P<0.01），各因子中睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、日间功能障碍明显高于国内常模（均P<0.05），睡眠时间明显低于国内常模和军医大学学员（均P<0.05）,19.5%的飞行员睡眠质量差。不同睡眠习惯、噪音大小、饮食习惯和训练满意度的飞行员睡眠质量差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。环境因子、人际关系因子、运动习惯因子、生活习惯因子、训练因子与海军飞行员睡眠质量均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。结论 海军飞行员睡眠质量受居住条件、饮食习惯和训练压力多方面影响。航空医生要多关注飞行员睡眠质量问题，军队管理在综合考虑的基础上，...     

21 225名中学生多发性硬化和疲劳睡眠状况研究

目的掌握青少年学生多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的流行病学特征及疲劳睡眠状况,为制订MS防治计划和学校卫生工作规划提供重要依据。方法对21225名中学生进行问卷及临床、MRI筛查。结果未发现MS病例,99%以上的中学生存在急慢性疲劳症状,睡眠时间严重不足、睡眠质量差,严重影响了生活、学习和身心健康。结论MS在中学生中发病率低,利用疲劳睡眠量表在健康人群特别是中学生中进行MS筛查无实际价值,但对于开展学校卫生研究具有重要意义。     

南昌市妇产科医师职业疲劳状态与睡眠质量的相关性分析

目的了解南昌市妇产科医师职业疲劳状态与睡眠质量水平,分析二者之间的相关性,为改善妇产科医师职业疲劳状态和睡眠质量提供参考依据。方法选择南昌市5所三级医院和4所二级医院198名妇产科医师作为调查对象,采用一般资料评价表、疲劳评定量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数展开调查,运用Pearson相关性分析比较妇产科医师职业疲劳状态与睡眠质量的相关性。结果 186名妇产科医师疲劳平均得分为11.97±2.51,不同年龄、科室、职称和学历比较,疲劳总分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。186名妇产科医师睡眠质量平均得分为9.77±2.10,性别、科室、职称、学历和每周工作天数是睡眠质量的影响因素(均P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,妇产科医师疲劳各维度和总分均与睡眠总分呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论妇产科医师职业疲劳状态与睡眠质量均有待提高,改善其睡眠质量有利于缓解职业疲劳状态,促进妇产科医师身心健康发展,提升工作效率。     

苏州市三级医院153名神经内科医务人员的职业疲劳现状及与工作压力源和睡眠质量的关系分析

目的 了解苏州市三级医院神经内科医务人员的职业疲劳现状和影响因素,并分析其与工作压力源和睡眠质量的关系。方法 2022年1—2月,采用方便抽样方式向苏州市4所三级医院的153名神经内科医务人员发放问卷,问卷包含一般资料表、职业疲劳量表、工作压力源量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表,并对数据进行分析。结果 153名神经内科医务人员的职业疲劳总得分为（18.12±4.37）分,工作压力源总得分为（68.49±14.53）分,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总得分为（7.15±1.84）分。神经内科医务人员的工作压力源和睡眠质量的各维度得分及总分均与职业疲劳总分呈正相关（均P<0.05）。加班>10次/月、夜班轮换≥3次/月、健康检查不合格、工作压力、睡眠质量均是神经内科医务人员职业疲劳的危险因素（B=0.591、0.724、0.526、0.813、0.579,均P<0.05）。结论 苏州市三级医院153名神经内科医务人员的职业疲劳现状不容乐观,加班多、夜班轮换频繁、健康检查不合格、工作压力大、睡眠质量差均是苏州市三级医院神经内科医务人员职业疲劳的影响因素,其中工作压力越大和睡眠质量越差,其职...     

Prevalence of fatigue among commercial pilots

BACKGROUND: Short-haul pilots have largely been neglected in studies of fatigue, sleep loss and circadian disruption created by flight operations, but anecdotal evidence from pilots suggests that with the increasing amount of low-cost air travel, commercial pilots working short-haul operations may be becoming seriously fatigued. AIMS: This study attempted to ascertain how much subjective fatigue short-haul pilots reported, and makes comparisons between low-cost and scheduled airline pilots. METHODS: Pilots completed anonymous questionnaires (encompassing aviation factors, flight experience and a fatigue scale) posted on the Professional Pilots' Rumours Network website. RESULTS: Data were collected from 162 short-haul pilots and statistical adjustment for operational factors was made. Seventy-five percent reported severe fatigue and 81% reported the fatigue to be worse than 2 years ago. Eighty percent considered their thought processes were reduced while flying. Severe fatigue was reported more frequently by low-cost airline pilots than scheduled airline pilots (P = 0.05) and fatigue ratings were higher in this group (P = 0.03). Pilots who reported regularly flying into their 'discretion' hours had lower physical and psychological health, and overall fatigue scores, and poorer self-rated general health. Flying into discretion time occurred no more frequently in low-cost airline pilots than scheduled airline pilots. CONCLUSIONS: Identifiable fatigue problems are reported by short-haul pilots, but this cannot be attributed solely to the work schedules of low-cost airlines as regular use of discretion time appears to be associated with fatigue regardless of airline.     

远程飞行对军事飞行人员健康的影响因素与卫生保障对策

文章对国内外有关军事远程飞行任务对飞行员健康的影响因素及航空卫生保障对策进行了综述。远程飞行的影响因素主要包括长时间的作业任务、座舱环境、生理心理因素等3个方面。远程飞行的航空卫生保障对策包括合理的作息制度、改善座舱环境、不同飞行阶段的对策、催眠与促醒药物的合理使用,以及疲劳监测和管理等5个方面,为今后制订军事飞行人员的卫生保障对策提供参考。     

Medical risks in older pilots: a systematic review on incapacitation and age

Purpose

Our ageing society faces an ageing work force. The target of this systematic review was to analyse whether pilots have a measurable age-dependent increased risk of incapacitation due to medical reasons.

Methods

Publications listed in PubMed, NCBI and EMBASE were identified using defined terms. Two independent raters analysed 2,342 retrieved publications by predefined criteria. Ten publications met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Four publications use a similar numerator (in-flight incapacitation) and identical denominator (flight hours) and show in-flight incapacitation of pilots happening 0.19–0.45 times/10⁶ flight hours. Two of these studies did not analyse the possible correlation of incapacitation and age, and two did not use the denominator flight hours here. Age dependency of incapacitation is analysed in seven publications: Three analyse in-flight incapacitation and four analyse general incapacitation to fly. All but one—the only one including professional pilots older than 60 years—show an age-depending increase in incapacitation. The increase in in-flight incapacitation is far less than the increase in general flight incapacitation.

Conclusions

Medical in-flight incapacitation is a very rare event. Whether the increase in in-flight incapacitation results in an increase in accidents or can be compensated for by error reduction through experience cannot be answered. A register of all pilots with a clear identification system to follow their career and health, their accidents and impairments, might help to reconsider the grounding of pilots over 60 and to define better criteria than mere age.     

急性热应激和飞行应激对飞行员心电影响研究

本文用英国Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ公司的ＭｅｄｉｌｏｇＥｘｃｅｌ长程心电图分析系统探讨了１６名飞行员在急性热应激和飞行应激这两天４８ｈ心电的动态变化。结果发现，热应激心率的最高值在第二次劳动时，而飞行应激心率的最高值在飞行前５ｍｉｎ，特别是年轻飞行员其心率增高更甚，在这期间大多飞行员在热应激和飞行应激这两天大多出现了房性、室性早搏，提前出现Ｐ－ＱＲＳ波和代偿不全，而这些异常心律大多在热应激劳动和飞行起飞前３０ｍｉｎ出现。提示飞行时，其负荷最大值在飞行前的３０ｍｉｎ，并为预防飞行事故等提供了科学依据。     

Sleepiness of occupational drivers

Drowsiness and sleeping at the wheel are now identified as the reasons behind fatal crashes and highway accidents caused by occupational drivers. For many years, fatigue has been associated to risk of accidents but the causes of this symptom were unclear. Extensive or nocturnal driving was associated to accidents but few reports differentiated fatigue from sleepiness. In the early nineties, epidemiological data started investigating sleepiness and sleep deprivation as cause of accidents. Sleepiness at the wheel, sleep restriction and nocturnal driving have been incriminated in 20% of traffic accidents. Drugs affecting the central nervous system (i.e., narcotic analgesics, antihistamine drugs), nocturnal breathing disorders and narcolepsy have been also associated with an increasing risk of accidents. Treatments improving daytime vigilance (i.e., nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) reduce significantly the risk of traffic accidents for a reasonable economical cost. Sleep disorders among occupational drivers need to be systematically investigated. Chronic daytime sleepiness is still under diagnosed and sleep disorders (i.e. obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) are not enough explored and treated in this exposed population of sedentary males. Drivers education and work schedules integrating notions of sleep hygiene as well as promotion of sleep medicine could significantly improve road safety.     

海军飞行人员疲劳状况与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨海军飞行人员疲劳状况及其与心理健康的相关性,为疗养期间开展综合心理干预及制订训练方案提供依据.方法 采用疲劳评定量表(FAI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对540名海军飞行人员进行量表测评,数据采用SPSS 15.0软件包进行统计分析.结果 飞行人员在疲劳的严重程度上与健康组无明显差异,而明显低于慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)病人组(P＜0.01);不同机种飞行人员在疲劳的严重程度和情境特异性方面存在显著性差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),其中轰炸机飞行人员的疲劳程度显著高于歼击机飞行人员,情境特异性显著高于运输机飞行人员;不同专业飞行人员在疲劳的情境特异性方面存在显著性差异(P＜0.01),其中机械师在疲劳的情境特异性方面明显偏低;飞行人员疲劳状况与心理健康呈显著相关,多元逐步回归分析显示,SCL-90的躯体化和强迫症状是导致疲劳的重要因素.结论 不同机种飞行人员、不同专业飞行人员疲劳程度明显不同,飞行人员疲劳状况与心理健康密切相关.     

Melatonin, sleep, and shift work adaptation

BACKGROUND: Night work is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms, fatigue, accidents, and chronic disease. Melatonin secretion helps regulate sleep and circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVE: Melatonin, sleep disturbances, and symptoms (sleep, fatigue, mental) were compared among workers on permanent day, swing, and night shifts. METHODS: Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) was measured in postwork and postsleep samples. Disrupted circadian melatonin production was evaluated using the sleep:work 6-OHMS ratio. Wrist actigraphy characterized light exposures and sleep characteristics. RESULTS: Night workers had altered melatonin, disrupted sleep, and elevated symptom prevalence. Subjects grouped by their sleep:work 6-OHMS ratio rather than shift had even greater symptom prevalence. Risks for two or more symptoms were 3.5 to 8 times greater among workers with sleep:work ratios < or =1 compared to those with ratios >1. CONCLUSIONS: This ratio may help identify workers at increased risk for accidents or injuries.     

Mortality among aerial pesticide applicators and flight instructors: follow-up from 1965-1988.

BACKGROUND: Vital status followup for a retrospective cohort mortality study of 9,961 male aerial pesticide applicators was extended beyond a previous study (1965-1979) (Cantor et al. 1991), through December 31, 1988. METHODS: Rate ratios (RR) were used to compare directly adjusted mortality rates between applicators and a comparison cohort of 9,969 flight instructors. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for comparisons with the U.S. white male population. RESULTS: Among applicator pilots, there were 1,441 deaths, and among instructors, 1,045. In both groups, aircraft accidents were the major cause of death (446 applicators; 234 instructors). Compared with flight instructors, aerial applicator pilots were at significantly elevated risk for all causes of death (risk ratio = 1.34) and for malignant neoplasms (1.18), non-motor vehicle accidents (1.71), motor vehicle accidents (1.69), and stroke (1.91). Pancreatic cancer (2.71) and leukemia (3.35) were significantly elevated. Applicators were at lower risk of colon cancer (0.51) and multiple myeloma (0.23) mortality. Based on U.S. rates, the SMR for all causes of death among applicators was 111 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 105-117) and among instructors, 81 (CI = 76-85). CONCLUSIONS: Aircraft accidents were a major cause of mortality in both applicator and flight instructor cohorts. Several other causes of death, some possibly related to pesticide exposure, were also elevated among pesticide applicator pilots. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Sleep: A Good Investment in Health and Safety

ABSTRACT

Sleep management is critical to both good health and safety. Most people do not know how much sleep is needed and place themselves and sometime others at risk for medical problems and increased risk for injuries or fatal accidents. Sleep need is discussed and the amount of sleep required as a function of age is provided. Agriculture is a high-risk industry with many injury-related or fatal accidents. SLEEP Model, a Web-based simulation model, was used to predict increase in odds ratio for injuries for farmers and other professionals who tend to work with a buildup of sleep debt because of the nature of their work. Results are given for working the day after a night of no sleep with and without use of caffeine and for a gradual buildup of sleep debt for daily sleep amounts of 0, 2, 4, 5, and 5.5 hours of sleep for a 58-year-old person with predicted sleep need of 6.2 hours per day. Results were also compared to some measurements reported in the literature. Odds ratio of about 10 times normal for average of caffeine and non-caffeine use are associated with working a day after no sleep and no previous sleep debt or with a gradual buildup of sleep debt typical of farmers involved in planting and harvesting seasons. Generally, caffeine use can reduce risks by about 70 times but may have little benefit for a night of no sleep after a buildup of severe sleep debt.     

A Preliminary Study of New Parents,Sleep Disruption,and Driving: A Population at Risk?

Background Drowsy driving is estimated to be a causal factor in 2–16 % of vehicular crashes. Several populations are reported to be at high risk for drowsy driving accidents, including shift workers, teenage drivers, medical residents, and pilots. Although new parents are known to have significant sleep disruption, no study has investigated vehicular accidents or near miss accidents in this population. Methods A preliminary cross-sectional, anonymous survey of parents who had given birth within the previous 12 months. Participants were asked about their sleep, including validated measures of sleep disruption, their driving patterns, and information about near miss traffic accidents and actual crashes. Results Overall, 72 participants were enrolled. A large proportion of participants had poor sleep including approximately 30 % with daytime sleepiness, 60 % with poor daytime function and two-thirds with poor sleep quality. The mean sleep duration was only 6.4 h. Although most participants drove <100 miles per week, 22.2 % reported at least one near miss accident and 5.6 % reported a crash. Sleep problems were more common in those with near miss accidents and actual crashes than in those without. Of note, poor sleep quality was associated with a sixfold increase in near miss accidents even after accounting for other factors. Conclusion Poor sleep is common in new parents and we provide preliminary evidence that sleep disruption in this population is associated with near miss motor vehicle accidents. Drowsy driving results in thousands of unnecessary serious injuries and fatalities each year; raising public awareness that new parents are a high-risk group is important.