Opisthorchiasis, the pancreas and diabetes mellitus

The authors reviewed the data on pathogenesis, pathomorphology and clinical appearance of the incretory pancreatic involvement in opisthorchiasis patients. Besides, the authors presented their own data on the impact of opisthorchiasis invasion on the formation of diabetes mellitus. The concept of a diphasic involvement of the insular system was considered.     

Echinococcosis in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The paper presents results of an immunological screening of the population from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk region for echinococcosis. A high level (8.4 +/- 1.0%) of seropositivity of the population has been found to Echinococcus antigens. Occupational groups, such as reindeer-breeders, domestic servants in the tent of skins, hunters, fur-farmers, furriers) have been identified to be mostly at high risk for Echinococcus infection. Some animal species have been demonstrated to be implicated in the epidemiology of echinococcosis. The most likely source of human granulosus Echinococcus invasion is a dog whose mature Echinococcus infection rate is 5.8 +/- 3.2%, that of multilocularis Echinococcus is a polar fox whose infection rate is 40.3 +/- 4.3%.     

2015—2019年全国血吸虫病监测点病情监测结果分析

目的　分析2015—2019年全国血吸虫病疫情监测数据,为进一步控制和消除血吸虫病以及完善血吸虫病监测方案提供科学依据。方法　按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案（2014年版）》要求,在全国所有血吸虫病流行县（市、区）和三峡库区潜在流行县（市、区）设立国家血吸虫病监测点,按照不同流行类型对当地居民、流动人群、家畜血吸虫感染等进行监测,对血检阳性率、校正感染率、粪检阳性者特征、家畜感染情况等进行汇总、整理和分析。结果　2015—2019年,全国13个省（直辖市、自治区）453个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）和三峡库区4个潜在流行县（市、区）开展了监测。5年间本地居民血检阳性率从3.35%降至1.63%,校正感染率从0.05%降至0;流动人群血检阳性率从1.15%降至0.75%,校正感染率从0.20%降至0.001 03%。不同省份、职业和年龄本地居民和流动人群血检阳性率差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。5年累计发现132例粪检阳性者,其中本地居民97例,年龄四分位间距为47～61岁;流动人群35例,年龄四分位间距为26～48岁;两者年龄构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2015、2016年分别发现5头和1头血吸虫感染牛,2017—2019年未发现血吸虫感染阳性家畜。结论　全国血吸虫病疫情已进入低度流行阶段,未来应将监测工作作为一种干预手段,更多采取流动监测点监测,以及早发现风险、切断传播途径,助力我国血吸虫病消除。     

Prevalence,clinical characteristics and morbidity of the Asthma-COPD overlap in a general population sample

Objective: Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been regarded as distinct conditions, emerging literature suggests that overlapping phenotypes, called asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), exists. The aim of this study was to describe prevalence, patient characteristics and morbidity of ACO. Methods: From a cross-sectional population sample, the West Sweden Asthma Study, subjects with suspected asthma, chronic bronchitis or COPD, and a random sample, were invited to clinical examinations. ACO was defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma, or clear clinical signs of asthma at examination, with a FEV₁/FVC < 0.7. Results: Subjects were categorized as ACO (N = 181), COPD only (N = 89), asthma only (N = 651) or healthy (n = 1036) based on clinical examinations. Prevalence of ACO was 3.4% in the random sample (N = 1172) and 18.1% among asthmatics (N = 138) in the random sample. Subjects with ACO (mean age 59 years, 54% women) had an age and gender distribution in between asthma only (45 years, 63% women) and COPD only (62 years, 41% women). Ever-smoking was reported by 71%, 48% and 74% in the ACO, asthma only and COPD only groups, respectively. Subjects with ACO had worse lung function (mean FEV₁% of predicted normal 76%) than asthma only (100%) and COPD only (87%) and reported more respiratory symptoms. Also respiratory related emergency visits were more common in ACO compared to asthma only and COPD only, respectively. Conclusions: ACO is present in 3.4% of the population and common among subjects with both asthma and COPD. Subjects with ACO had worse lung function and more symptoms than subjects with asthma or COPD only.