肝癌患者配偶及一级亲属乙肝病毒感染分析

目的:观察肝癌患者配偶、一级亲属乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况.方法:检测139对肝癌患者和配偶及110例一级亲属HB-VM并对照分析.结果:肝癌配偶组HBVM阳性检出率显著低于肝癌组和肝癌一级亲属组(P<0.01);肝癌配偶组HbsAb阳性率较高(35.97%);肝癌患者及一级亲属HBVM最常见模式是HbsAg、HbeAb、HbcAb同时阳性.结论:肝癌患者及其一级亲属是一组HBV易感人群;肝癌患者配偶这一特殊人群不会因与肝癌家庭有密切接触而更易感染HBV.     

超高倍显微镜下脐带血中弓形虫监测的临床研究

目的研究在超高倍显微镜下直接检测到脐带血中的弓形虫,并结合新生儿临床症状确诊弓形虫病,及时治疗。方法随机抽取信阳职业技术学院附属医院妇产科2010年7月1日至2010年12月31日住院分娩的新生儿共200例。在新生儿娩出断脐后,有专业助产人员及时抽脐静脉血1mL,注入全封闭负压抗凝试管(内有3.2%枸橼酸钠),保持新鲜,及时在化验室对标本进行染色,在超高倍显微镜下检测弓形虫。对于检测到弓形虫阳性的新生儿及时治疗。并进行随访。同时采集200例新生儿脐带血,利用酶联免疫吸附试验在脐带血清中分别检测抗弓形虫免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM抗体。结果在200例新生儿脐带血中,弓形虫IgG抗体阳性7例(3.5%),IgM抗体阳性1例(0.5%)。200例新生儿脐带血在超高倍显微镜下检测弓形虫7例。结论两种检测方法无显著差异。     

精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属静息态脑功能网络的小世界属性研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属静息态脑功能网络小世界属性特征的异同。方法:对符合DSM-IV诊断标准的33例精神分裂症患者、30例未患病一级亲属和34例健康对照进行静息态脑功能扫描,利用AAL模板将大脑划分为116个脑区并进行网络构建,比较三组被试的网络属性特征。结果:三组静息态脑功能网络均具有小世界属性,但患者组部分脑区节点属性(节点度和节点局部效率)显著异常(p<0.05, Bonferroni校正),主要位于右颞上回、左眶额皮质、左后扣带回和右小脑下叶;亲属组左后扣带回的节点度显著增加。结论:精神分裂症患者和一级亲属都存在左后扣带回节点属性异常,提示左后扣带回功能异常可能是精神分裂症的早期改变且受遗传易感性影响。     

精神分裂症患者眼区情绪认知障碍的对照研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者及未患病一级亲属是否存在眼区情绪认知障碍。方法采用眼区情绪识别任务对32例精神分裂症患者、32例精神分裂症未患病一级亲属和32例正常对照者进行眼区情绪识别能力研究。结果精神分裂症患者与正常对照相比,眼区情绪识别任务的总正确张数及悲、喜、惊、恐、怒、厌的识别正确张数[分别为(97.59±17.62)张,(16.12±3.72)张,(17.91±3.05)张,(16.59±3.13)张,(14.71±3.58)张,(16.89±2.99)张,(15.82±3.44)张]比正常对照组[分别为(108.81±7.79)张,(18.72±2.13)张,(19.56±0.94)张,18.06±1.83)张,(17.59±2.08)张,(18.66±1.47)张,(17.66±2.43)张]显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。精神分裂症一级亲属与正常对照相比,眼区情绪识别任务的悲、怒识别正确张数[分别为(17.08±4.08)张,(16.53±3.13)张]与正常对照组[分别为(18.72±2.13)张,(18.66±1.47)张]相比显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而喜、惊、恐、厌差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者及部分精神分裂症一级亲属存在眼区情绪识别能力障碍,但一级亲属功能优于精神分裂症患者。     

精神分裂症患者亲属心理状况及相关因素调查分析

目的:分析精神分裂症患者亲属的心理健康状况.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对80例精神分裂症患者亲属的心理健康状况进行测评分析.结果:精神分裂症患者亲属在SCL-90的躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子和总分上都高于国内常模.结论:精神分裂症患者亲属受经济、社会支持、认知等因素影响,存在较明显的心理健康问题,应采取积极干预措施,提高他们的心理健康水平.     

对精神分裂症患者一级亲属个性与心理状态的调查和干预

目的：对精神分裂症患者一级亲属个性与心理状态进行调查,对问题家属进行干预,目的在于改善患者家庭成员间的关系,促进家属自我意识完善、人格完善,为患者实现良好的社会接触,尽快恢复疾病提供依据和参考。方法300例精神分裂症患者一级亲属,均给予艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)人格量表及症状(精神症状)自评量表(SCL-90)检测,对检测结果提示存在问题的精神分裂症患者一级亲属给予精神卫生知识宣讲和家庭干预,改善其不良认知。比对干预前后精神分裂症患者一级亲属两种自评量表结果变化情况。结果①干预前300例患者家属除L量表为(7.6±1.5)分,位于标准值以下,其余三项量表评分均超过其标准值,存在人格外向、强烈情绪反应及神经质情况。给予家庭干预及疾病宣讲后,除L量表外,300例患者家属各量表评分均较干预前明显改善(P<0.05);②干预前后,患者家属除躯体化、恐怖、偏执、精神病性四项内容无明显变化外,其余各指标均较干预前明显降低(P<0.05)。结论对存在不良认知或异常心理状态的精神分裂症患者一级亲属给予精神卫生知识宣讲会、积极有效的家庭干预等,可改善其不良情绪,提高认知水平,降低焦虑、抑郁等情绪困扰,利于生活质量的提升,值得临床推广。     

768例孕龄妇女弓形虫抗体检测结果的分析

目的了解孕龄妇女弓形虫感染状况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对768例孕龄妇女进行了血清弓形虫抗体(包括IgG和IgM)检测。结果 768例孕龄妇女中弓形虫抗体阳性52例,总阳性率为6.77%,276例有异常孕产史妇女阳性37例,阳性率为13.41%,492例无异常孕产史妇女阳性15例,阳性率为3.05%.两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),其中与猫有接触史的有205例中阳性39例,阳性率为19.02%;与猫无接触的有563例中阳性13例,阳性率为2.31%。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论弓形虫感染与异常孕产有直接联系,是引起异常孕产的一个重要因素;与宠物猫有接触史的育龄妇女弓形虫感染率较无接触史者高。     

弓形虫感染与孕妇免疫水平检测

目的　探讨弓形虫感染者免疫水平。方法　用单向免疫扩散法检测弓形虫抗体阳性孕妇血清 Ig G、Ig A、Ig M和 C3含量 ,用 BSA检测其 T细胞亚群。结果　与正常孕妇相比 ,弓形虫抗体阳性孕妇其血清 Ig G、Ig A、CD 4含量下降 ,CD 4/ CD 8比值下降 ,而血清 Ig M、C3上升。结论　弓形虫感染者体液免疫和细胞免疫均紊乱     

252例精神分裂症患者的血型调查分析

精神分裂症与血型有否关系,哪种血型的相对易感率高,多年来许多学者做过不少研究,但迄今并无定论。我们收集了252例精神分裂症以及正常人261例的血型进行调查分析。另对3例精神分裂症病人的血型,对一级亲属进行调查,现将结果报告如下: 一般资料     

生殖免疫检测在女性不孕不育中的临床应用分析

目的 分析生殖免疫检测在女性不孕不育中的应用效果。方法 选取1400例女性不孕不育患者作为观察组,另选取1000例正常生育的女性作为对照组。所有研究对象均进行生殖免疫检测,主要包括生殖抗心磷脂抗体(AcAb)[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]、抗精子抗体(AsAb)和抗子宫内膜抗体(EmAb)。比较两组生殖抗心磷脂抗体(IgA、IgM、IgG)、抗精子抗体、抗子宫内膜抗体阳性情况,并分析各项抗体检测原发性、复发性、继发性不孕不育阳性情况。结果 观察组IgA、IgM、IgG、抗精子抗体、抗子宫内膜抗体阳性率分别为14.36%、22.93%、8.93%、15.79%、23.00%,对照组IgA、IgM、IgG、抗精子抗体、抗子宫内膜抗体阳性率均为0。观察组IgA、IgM、IgG、抗精子抗体、抗子宫内膜抗体阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生殖抗心磷脂抗体检测原发性不孕不育阳性110例(7.86%),复发性不孕不育阳性337例(24.07%),继发性不孕不育阳性87例(6.21%);抗精子抗体检测原发性不孕不育阳性102例(7....     

Schizophrenia care and the Dutch community pharmacy: the unmet needs

Background Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease with a prevalence of 0.6% both worldwide and in the Netherlands. Without proper treatment, schizophrenia will be increasingly incapacitating for up to 70% of patients. Management consists of drug treatment and education and can include cognitive therapy. Information about antipsychotic drugs and the importance of treatment compliance are most often given to the patient by the treating psychiatrist. Method Structured postal questionnaires to patients and relatives ‐ 250 members of Anoiksis, a Dutch patients' association for people suffering from psychotic illnesses and 250 members of Ypsilon, a Dutch support network for relatives of patients suffering from schizophrenia or psychosis. Face to face, semi‐structured interviews with 25 community pharmacists randomly selected from different parts of the Netherlands. Key findings Patients and their relatives were unaware of the possible information‐giving and support roles of the community pharmacist. More than 60% of patients and relatives agreed that they would have liked to receive more information about drug treatment. Two‐thirds of patients and relatives thought that an active reminder to collect refill medication would be a valuable service. However, the community pharmacists were unaware of patients' unmet needs and of the support they could offer to patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Patients and their relatives have needs for medication information and support that are not currently being met. Dutch community pharmacists do not currently perceive that they have a contribution to make to the care of patients with schizophrenia. As the first stage in developing future community pharmacy services, the findings of this study should be disseminated to pharmacists. Objective To investigate the role of the Dutch community pharmacist in schizophrenia care.     

弓形体RH株抗原基因SAG1的扩增克隆及鉴定

目的 :体外扩增弓形体主要表面抗原 SAG1基因 ,构建 pc DNA3- SAG1真核表达质粒 ,为研制弓形体疫苗奠定基础。方法 :采用 PCR技术 ,自行设计一对寡核酸引物 (P1,P2 ) ,从弓形体 RH株基因组 DNA中特异扩增出编码SAG1抗原的基因片段。扩增的目的片段经纯化后用 Eco R1和 Hind 双酶切后 ,克隆到真核表达质粒 pc DNA3中 ,转化入大肠杆菌 TG1,用氨苄青霉素和 PCR初筛 ,将 PCR扩增阳性的重组子分别用 Sac1单酶切、Eco R1和 Hind 双酶切鉴定。结果成功地构建真核型表达质粒 pc DNA 3- SAG1,从而为进一步 SAG1重组抗原的体外表达创造有利条件。结果 :从 RH株基因组 DNA中特异扩增出编码 SAG1的全基因序列 ,扩增目的基因片段大小与预期长度(10 2 5 bp) ,相符 ;将分离、纯化的目的基因片段 SAG1插入 pc DNA3质粒 Hind 和 Eco R1位点 ,构建重组质粒pc DNA3- SAG1。结论 :成功构建重组质粒 pc DNA3- SAG1     

弓形体SAG1基因DNA诱导小鼠体液免疫应答及保护性研究

目的 :用重组真核表达质粒 pc DNA3- SAG1直接免疫 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,观察其 DNA免疫所诱导的小鼠体液免疫反应和保护性作用。方法 :大量制备重组质粒 pc DNA3- SAG1,然后将其导入 BAL B/ c小鼠体内。抗体滴度用 EL ISA法进行测定 :采用 PCR方法对小鼠的血液组织外源基因进行检测 ;对试验组及对照组进行 RH株攻击感染 ,并对其进行分析。结果 :用 EL ISA法检测的抗体 Ig G滴度为 1∶ 2 5 6 0 ;免疫后三周、六个月从免疫鼠的血液组织中用 PCR仍可检测到特异的SAG1基因的存在 :体外弓形虫攻击感染实验组和对照组 ,可见实验组的存活时间较对照组时间延长 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :重组质粒 pc DNA3- SAG1免疫 BAL B/ c小鼠可诱导一定的体液免疫应答和一定的保护性作用     

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) is under genetic control. A lower MAO activity in chronic schizophrenia has repeatedly been reported, and it has been suggested that reduced activity of this enzyme reflects an increased vulnerability to schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis platelet MAO was determined in 65 first-degree relatives of 22 schizophrenic index patients and in matched healthy controls. No difference in mean activity between the two samples could be detected, suggesting that reduced MAO activity in schizophrenia is more likely to be a phenomenon secondary to the disease. A significant parent-offspring correlation of MAO activities was obtained.This investigation was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii RH strain activity of herbal extracts used in traditional medicine

Methanolic extracts of 15 traditional medicines used to treat Toxoplasma gondii were tested in vitro for their anti-T. gondii activity and cytotoxicity. The median effective concentration (EC(50)) values for the herbal extracts ranged from 0.11mg/mL to 2.28mg/mL. Significant anti-T. gondii RH strain activity was observed with Zingiber officinale extracts (EC(50)=0.18mg/mL), which displayed a highly selective toxicity (selectivity=10.1). Sophora flavescens Aiton extracts also showed high anti-T. gondii activity (EC(50)=0.20mg/mL) and a high selective toxicity (4.6). This indicates that Z. officinale and S. flavescens Aiton extracts may be sources of new anti-T. gondii compounds.     

Low compliance with colonoscopic screening in first-degree relatives of patients with large adenomas

BACKGROUND: Little is known about compliance with colonoscopy as a screening method in first-degree relatives of patients with large adenomas. Aims To evaluate the compliance with screening colonoscopy among this population, and its determinants. METHODS: Data were obtained from the family part of the GEADE study, a study on genetic factors of colorectal adenomas. Index cases were 306 patients with adenomas > or = 10 mm. All living first-degree relatives aged 40-75 who could be contacted by the index case were asked to undergo a colonoscopy, unless they had had one in the previous 5 years. RESULTS: Among 674 eligible relatives, 56 had had a colonoscopy within the preceding 5 years and 114 underwent a screening colonoscopy resulting in a compliance with screening colonoscopy of 18%. This was not related to most characteristics of index cases. Compliance was significantly lower when the index case lived in the Greater Paris area than when he/she lived in other areas (12% vs. 21%). It was higher in siblings (18%) and offspring (23%) than in parents (9%) and in relatives under 55 years old (22%) than in relatives aged 55 and over (15%). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with colonoscopy was low in first-degree relatives of patients with large adenomas. The reasons for this should be determined and appropriate strategies developed to increase compliance.     

Schizophrenia patients' and psychiatrists' perspectives on ethical aspects of symptom re-emergence during psychopharmacological research participation

Rationale. Study designs involving medication-free intervals have become the subject of controversy in the current dialogue on the ethics of serious mental-illness research. Methods. Schizophrenia patients (n=59; response rate 75%; 48% inpatients) and psychiatrists (n=70; response rate 83%) responded to ten questions about a hypothetical scenario in which a schizophrenia study participant experienced the re-emergence of serious symptoms during the "wash-out" phase of a psychopharmacological trial. Patients provided their personal views, and psychiatrists gave their personal views and made predictions as to how schizophrenia patients in general would respond. Results. Schizophrenia patients and psychiatrists judged the hypothetical protocol as moderately harmful. Both expressed relatively low likelihood of willingness to participate in the study, given this potential outcome. Schizophrenia patients and psychiatrists found the decision fairly easy. Psychiatrists underestimated the level of harm and overestimated the difficulty of the decision as perceived by schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia patients acknowledged that the offer of money and request by their doctor or family would increase the likelihood of their participation, and psychiatrists accurately predicted these responses. In hypothetical decisions about the symptomatic study participant, 38% of patients and 39% of psychiatrists said they would allow him to leave the hospital. A majority of both groups (63% and 52%, respectively) indicated that medication should be given despite the study participant's objection. Psychiatrists incorrectly predicted this response, expecting instead that most schizophrenia patients would support the discharge request and few would support involuntary administration of medication. Patients and psychiatrists offered similar reasons for participation decisions but differed in their strategies for handling the situation. Conclusion. These findings suggest potential strengths of decisionally capable schizophrenia patients in assessing ethically important design elements of psychopharmacological trials. Implications for informed consent for research, expectations of the therapeutic obligations of clinical investigators, and the role of psychiatric advance directives in psychopharmacological research are outlined.     

Evidence of association between smoking and alpha7 nicotinic receptor subunit gene in schizophrenia patients.

A number of studies have suggested that the alpha-7-nicotinic receptor D15S1360 polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia and a deficiency in the normal inhibition of the P50 auditory-evoked response. Schizophrenia patients and some of their unaffected relatives show a failure of inhibition in their 50-ms response to the second of a pair of tones. Biochemical studies have suggested that the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in this sensory gating deficit. Furthermore, high-dose nicotine transiently normalizes the abnormality in P50 inhibition in schizophrenic patients and in their relatives. Schizophrenic patients are unusually heavy smokers, and up to 85% of hospitalized schizophrenic patients smoke. This rate is three times higher than the general population, and may represent an attempt to self-medicate through this pathophysiologic mechanism. Despite schizophrenics' extremely heavy nicotine use, nicotinic receptor genes have not been previously investigated in relation to smoking in schizophrenia. In this study, we hypothesized that the D15S1360 marker is associated with smoking in patients with schizophrenia. We found an association between the homozygous 113 bp allele and smoking risk (chi2=10.37, 3 df, p=0.015). Although this novel finding requires replication, it suggests that further study into the relationship between schizophrenia and nicotine system genes is warranted.     

Association between three functional polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and polydipsia in schizophrenia

The underlying pathophysiology of polydipsia in schizophrenia is poorly understood. However, several studies suggest there may be a genetic predisposition to polydipsia, including our previous study demonstrating familial concordance of polydipsia among first-degree relatives with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications may contribute to the development of polydipsia and studies show that dopamine D2 receptors are involved in drinking behaviour pathophysiology. Our hypothesis is that polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) may confer susceptibility to polydipsia in schizophrenia. We tested for an association between polydipsia in schizophrenia and three functional polymorphisms of DRD2. The three polymorphisms, -141C Ins/Del, Ser311Cys, and TaqIA, were genotyped in patients with polydipsia (n = 64) and in those without polydipsia (n = 91). Of the three polymorphisms, TaqIA was significantly associated with polydipsia [genotype: chi2 = 6.59, df = 2, p = 0.037; allele: chi2 = 6.52, df = 1, p = 0.011, OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.86]. Haplotype analysis of the three markers found increased significance of the association (global, p = 0.00091). Although based on a relatively small portion of the sample, individual comparison of the common haplotypes showed that haplotype Ins-Cys-A1 was significantly less frequent in patients with polydipsia (p = 0.00082). The present data suggests polymorphisms in DRD2 may confer susceptibility to polydipsia in schizophrenia. To confirm our findings, further studies are warranted on larger samples using more extensive biological measures for diagnosing the polydipsia phenotype.