乌拉地尔复合利多卡因对老年原发性高血压患者气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的观察乌拉地尔复合利多卡因对老年原发性高血压患者气管插管时血流动力学的影响。方法选择择期全麻手术患者120例,年龄58～75岁。随机分为A、B、C三组,每组40例,分别于诱导前3 min静注3 ml生理盐水、0.4 mg/kg乌拉地尔、0.4 mg/kg乌拉地尔+1 mg/kg利多卡因。分别记录三组麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、气管插管时(T2)、1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)的HR、SBP、DBP。结果与T0时比较,T1时三组SBP、DBP明显下降,HR明显减慢(P<0.01),T2、T3、T4时,A组SBP、DBP明显升高,HR明显增快(P<0.01);B组SBP、DBP稍有升高(P>0.05),HR明显增快(P<0.01);C组SBP、DBP稍有升高,HR稍加快(P>0.05)。结论乌拉地尔复合利多卡因应用于老年原发性高血压患者的气管插管诱导,能更好地抑制插管应激产生的心血管反应,用于老年原发性高血压患者是安全可靠的。     

舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管拔管时心血管反应的影响

目的评价舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管拔管时心血管反应的影响。方法选择全麻择期手术成年患者120例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,无明显心血管病史,随机分为两组(n=60),A组:舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg;B组:舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg+艾司洛尔1 mg/kg。观测比较麻醉诱导前、插管后5 m in、拔管后5 m in收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和心率(HR)变化,并采集桡动脉血7m l,测定血浆肾上腺素(Ad)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)的浓度。结果两组年龄、体重、ASA分级、并发症比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与A组同一时点比较,B组HR、SP、DP及血浆Ad和NA的浓度降低(P<0.05)。A组插管后HR、SP、DP及血浆Ad和NA的浓度明显高于麻醉诱导前(P<0.05),持续至拔管后5 m in;B组拔管前后变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔可更好地预防全麻患者气管拔管时的心血管反应。     

不同剂量丙泊酚用于复合麻醉诱导对循环系统影响的观察

目的:观察不同剂量丙泊酚用于复合麻醉诱导时对循环系统的影响。方法:择期全麻手术150例,随机分为A、B、C 3组各50例。麻醉诱导采用不同剂量的丙泊酚复合咪达唑仑、芬太尼、维库溴铵。其中,A组丙泊酚用量1.0mg/kg,B组1.2mg/kg,C组1.5mg/kg。观察3组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管即刻(T2)及插管后2min(T3)各时间节点收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)的变化。结果:T2时,A组SBP、HR显著高于C组(P<0.05);T3时,A组、B组SBP、DBP及HR均显著高于C组(P<0.05)。与T0比较,C组SBP、DBP及HR均显著降低(P<0.05);A组、B组T3时间节点SBP、DBP及HR与T0比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:1.0和1.2mg/kg丙泊酚用于复合全麻诱导相对安全;而1.5mg/kg丙泊酚用于麻醉诱导时,血压和HR显著降低,对循环系统有不良影响。     

芬太尼复合艾司洛尔或利多卡因对高血压患者气管插管时心血管反应影响的比较

目的比较芬太尼复合艾司洛尔或利多卡因对原发性高血压患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响。方法择期上腹部手术合并原发性高血压患者60例,年龄40~65岁,体重48~78kg,ASAI或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n=20):芬太尼3μg/kg组(I组)、芬太尼3μg/kg+艾司洛尔1mg/kg组(Ⅱ组)和芬太尼3μg/kg+利多卡因1mg/kg组(Ⅲ组)。3组均静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg、丙泊酚1.5mg/kg和罗库溴铵0.8mg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后1min(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后1min(T3)、3min(T4)及10min(T5)记录心率(HR)、收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP),并于T0、T1、T3时采集桡动脉血7ml,测定肾上腺素(Ad)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)的浓度。结果与T0比较,Ⅰ组在T2、T3时的HR、SP、DP明显升高(P<0.05);而Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组在T2、T3时的HR、SP、DP变化没有统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组的HR、SP、DP在T1~T5差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组T3时血浆Ad和NA的浓度变化没有统计学意义(P>0.05),而Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血浆中Ad、NA浓度低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论芬太尼3μg/kg复合艾司洛尔1mg/kg或利多卡因1mg/kg均可减轻高血压患者气管插管时的心血管反应。     

利多卡因咽喉表面麻醉联合右美托咪定对双腔气管插管诱导期血流动力学的影响

目的 观察喉麻管表面麻醉联合右美托咪定对双腔气管插管诱导期血流动力学的影响.方法 选择2016年6月至2017年2月60例择期行胸科手术并需要行双腔气管插管的患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组(S)和对照组(D)两组,每组30例.实验组在麻醉诱导前行右美托咪定0.75μg/kg静脉泵注10 min,并在插管时用喉麻管将2%利多卡因1 mg/kg行声门上,声门下表面麻醉.对照组在麻醉诱导前应用等量生理盐水静脉泵注10 min,并在插管时用喉麻管将2%利多卡因1 mg/kg行声门上,声门下表面麻醉.观察两组入室后(T0)、输注右美托咪定或生理盐水后(T1)、插管前即刻(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、插管后3 min(T4)、插管后5 min(T 5)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和平均动脉压(MAP)的变化,以及诱导期心血管不良反应发生情况.结果 S组在T 1、T 2、T 3和T 4的HR、SBP、DBP和MAP低于D组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组在T0、T5时段血流动力学差异无统计学意义;S组的心血管不良事件发生率显著低于D组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前2%利多卡因1 mg/kg喷喉表面麻醉联合右美托咪定0.75μg/kg静脉泵注10 min能够降低双腔气管插管引发的心血管应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定并减少心血管不良事件的发生.     

不同剂量丙泊酚复合依托咪酯全麻诱导效果比较

 目的 观察不同剂量丙泊酚复合依托咪酯应用于全麻诱导的血流动力学、脑电双频指数(BIS)变化特点及不良反应。方法 选择择期全麻手术患者90例,随机分为三组,每组30例。诱导方案:A组静注丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.075 mg/kg;B组静注丙泊酚1 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.15 mg/kg;C组静注丙泊酚0.5 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.225 mg/kg。诱导完成后行气管插管。观察记录诱导前(T₀)、插管前(T₁)、插管后1、3、5 min(T₂～T₄)三组患者MAP、HR、BIS的变化,记录三组患者注射痛、肌阵挛等不良反应发生率。结果 A组诱导后的MAP、HR低于B、C组,BIS高于B、C组(P<0.05);A组注射痛发生率低于B组(P<0.05);A、B组肌阵挛发生率低于C组(P<0.05)。结论 丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg复合依托咪酯0.075 mg/kg用于全麻插管对血流力学和BIS影响小、不良反应少。     

可乐定抑制颅脑外科全麻插管和应用头架心血管反应的观察

目的　探讨可乐定抑制颅脑外科麻醉诱导插管和应用头架时带来的心血管反应的临床效果。方法　选择 40例择期颅脑手术患者 ,随机分为两组 ,对照组 ( 组 )和可乐定组 ( 组 ) ,每组 2 0例。两组麻醉诱导均采用地西泮 0 .2 mg/kg、芬太尼 2 .5μg/kg、万可松 0 .1 mg/kg静脉注射行快速诱导并插管。 组除术前用药同 组外 ,于入手术室后麻醉诱导前 2 0 min缓慢静注可乐定 3μg/mg。分别观察在麻醉诱导前、气管插管及应用头架前后血压 (BP)、平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)变化情况。结果　 组患者 SBP,DBP,MAP,HR在插管即刻和用头架后与麻醉诱导前比较升高显著 (P<0 .0 1 )。而 组患者变化不显著。插管后至用头架前血流动力学基本平稳。 组在插管即刻和用头架后 SBP,DBP,MAP,HR与 组比较升高非常显著 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　术前应用可乐定可有效抑制颅脑外科麻醉诱导插管和应用头架时带来的心血管反应     

舒芬太尼减轻全麻气管插管心血管反应的临床观察

气管插管反射所引起血压、心率骤升是全麻诱导的一个潜在的危险因素。为了有效减少这种危险性,我们应用舒芬太尼替代芬太尼进行静脉诱导,有效减轻了全气管插管的心血管反应。1对象和方法1.1对象选择拟施全麻插管患者60例,男36例,女24例,年龄17～64岁,体重45～81kg,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级。随机分为两组,每组30例。两组病例的体重,年龄无差异(P>0.05)(表1)。1.2方法均于术前半小时肌注苯巴比妥钠0.1g,阿托品0.5mg。应用惠普多功能监护仪监测SBP、DBP和HR。麻醉诱导:A组采用咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg,芬太尼4～5μg/kg,卡肌宁0.8mg/kg,丙泊酚1mg/kg。B组采…     

右美托咪定清醒插管用于老年逆行胰胆管造影临床观察

目的观察右美托咪定用于老年逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)患者清醒气管插管的临床效果。方法选择2013年10月至2015年11月解放军307医院收治的择期行ERCP的老年患者80例为研究对象。随机分为两组,A组(观察组)为右美托咪定组,B组为咪唑安定组,每组40例。两组患者均行咽喉表面麻醉,A组入室后静脉注射右美托咪定0.5μg/kg;5 min后注射咪唑安定0.03 mg/kg及地佐辛0.1 mg/kg;7 min时行环甲膜穿刺气管内表面麻醉;10 min时行气管插管,插管后注射丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg;Ramsay镇静评分达5~6分开始ERCP操作;术中以丙泊酚3.0~5.0 mg/(kg·h),维持镇静至术毕。B组入室后,静脉注射生理盐水0.125 ml/kg,其余同A组。观察并记录各时间点心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、脉搏氧饱和度(Sp O2)、Ramsay镇静评分、麻醉效果、手术时间、苏醒时间、丙泊酚用量。结果 T2~T6时点,A组患者的HR在均低于B组;T3时点,A组的SBP也低于B组(P<0.05);T3时,A组镇静程度及麻醉效果均优于B组(P<0.05)。A组丙泊酚用量少于B组。结论右美托咪定清醒插管用于老年ERCP患者麻醉,安全可行,血流动力学稳定。     

艾司洛尔对妇科腹腔镜手术期间应激反应的影响

目的 观察艾司洛尔对妇科腹腔镜手术患者手术期间血压(BP)、心率(HR)及血儿茶酚胺浓度的影响.方法 32例全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者随机分为对照组(A组,n=16)和艾司洛尔组(B组,n=16).B组于开始气腹前1min经外周静脉注射艾司洛尔0.3mg/kg,然后以50μg/(kg·min)速度持续输注,至麻醉结束拔除气管导管为止;A组给予等量的生理盐水.记录患者术前(T0)、诱导时(T1)、气腹前(T2)、气腹后10min(T3)、气腹后20min(T4)及拔除气管导管后10min(T5)的HR、平均动脉压(MAP),同时测定各时点血中儿茶酚胺类激素(去甲肾上腺素及肾上腺素)的浓度,并进行比较.结果 A组T3、T4时的MAP、HR与T0、T1、T2相比显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),T3、T4、T5时的儿茶酚胺浓度较T0、T1、T2时显著增加(P<0.01),而B组各时点的BP、HR、儿茶酚胺浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 艾司洛尔能够抑制气腹引起的BP、HR及儿茶酚胺浓度改变等应激反应,起到稳定内环境的作用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）