樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对急性肾衰竭时血栓素和前列环素代谢的影响

本文从左肾动脉注射油酸建立了大鼠急性肾衰(ARF)模型,观察了樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对ARF时肾组织及血液中TXB_2和6-Keto—PGF_(1α)含量改变的影响。实验分四组,模型组左肾动脉注射油酸0.15ml/     

樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对急性肾衰竭大鼠肾微血管损伤的保护作用

本文采用直接从左肾动脉注射油酸的方法制备大鼠急性肾衰竭(ARF)模型,观察樟柳碱,东莨菪碱,山茛菪碱对油酸致大鼠ARF时肾微血管超微结构及肾组织结构损伤的影响。实验分四组,模型组左肾动脉注射油酸     

急性肾衰大鼠肾组织水含量变化及三种莨菪药的治疗作用

采用比重梯度法定量研究了油酸致急性肾衰大鼠肾组织水含量的改变及樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对这些改变的影响。结果表明，左肾动脉注射油酸后１０ｍｉｎ，左肾皮质比重轻度降低，６ｈ及２４ｈ后左肾皮质及髓质比重均降低；低剂量油酸首先引起皮质比重降低，继而髓质的比重也降低；樟柳碱和山莨菪碱可提高左肾组织比重。上述结果说明，急性肾衰初期仅肾皮质水含量增加，维持期肾髓质水含量也增加，肾组织水含量随油酸剂量的加大而增加，樟柳碱和山莨菪碱可减轻急性肾衰大鼠肾组织水肿。     

樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对急性肾衰竭大鼠肾缺血的保护作用

我们从左肾动脉注射油酸成功地诱发了大鼠急性肾衰竭(ARF)并发现注射油酸后10分钟、6小时、24小时肾组织有明显缺血。因此,本文观察了氢溴酸樟柳碱,溴丁基东莨菪碱,盐酸山茛菪碱对肾缺血的保护作用。结果如     

急性肾衰大鼠肾阻抗容积脉波的改变及三种莨菪药的治疗作用

用自己建立的阻抗法描记大鼠肾容积脉波，研究油酸致急性肾衰时肾阻抗容积脉波的改变及樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对这些改变的影响。结果表明：左肾动脉注射油酸后１０ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、６ｈ出现低平及平顶波，波高及流入容积速度明显低于注射前及生理盐水对照组。三种莨菪药治疗后，低平及平顶波明显减少或消失，波高及流入容积速度明显提高。结果说明：急性肾衰早期肾内脉动血管弹性降低，紧张度增高，周围阻力增加，肾组织血液灌流量降低；三种莨菪药均可改善肾内脉动血管的功能，提高肾组织血液灌流量     

樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对急性肾衰大鼠肾微血管损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究急性肾衰时肾微血管的损伤及樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山菪莨碱对这些损伤的影响。方法 :采用左肾动脉注射油酸的方法建立大鼠急性肾衰模型 ,采用电镜、光镜及TTC显色观察大鼠急性肾衰不同时期肾微血管超微结构、肾组织结构及TTC显色的改变。结果 :左肾动脉注射油酸后 1 0min ,肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞坏死 ;肾小球毛细血管不同程度充血肿胀 ,在皮质与髓质交界区 ,可见小血管内充满大量红细胞 ;TTC显色呈鲜红色。注射油酸后 6h和 2 4h上述损伤加重 ,TTC显然出现典型的不显色苍白区。三种莨菪药物不同程度减轻了急性肾衰时肾微血管损伤 ,改善了肾组织缺血 ,减少了肾小管上皮细胞坏死数。结论 :急性肾衰时很早即出现肾微血管的损伤 ,三种莨菪药对急性肾衰时肾微血管和组织结构的损伤均有保护作用。     

三种莨菪药对急性肾衰大鼠血流变性改变的影响

本文研究了油酸致大鼠急性肾衰时血液流变性的改变。观察了樟柳碱，东莨菪碱及山莨菪碱对这些改变的影响。结果表明，急性肾衰时，低切至高切变率时的全血粘度均明显增高，红细胞比积，血浆粘度及红细胞聚集指数也明显高于对照组。樟柳碱及东莨菪碱能降低血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数及全血粘度；山莨菪碱能降低血浆粘度及红细胞聚集指数。结果说明，急性肾衰时血液的流变性有明显障碍，三种莨菪药均能改善急性肾衰时血液的流变性。     

山莨菪碱、樟柳碱、白蛋白对油酸所致血管内皮细胞损伤的影响

我们先前的工作发现油酸对血管内皮细胞有直接损伤作用,本文探讨了山莨菪碱、樟柳碱及白蛋白对油酸引起培养内皮细胞损伤的影响。我们的实验结果发现山莨菪碱对0.01μl/ml浓度油酸引起的变化没有影响,但对0。25μl/ml浓度油酸引起内皮细胞~(51)C_r释放率升高、上清液中LDH浓度升高,6-酮-PGF_(1α)含量升高均有加强作用,表明山茛菪碱对油酸引起的损伤有加强作用而无保护作用;樟柳碱减轻油酸直接损伤引起内皮细胞LDH     

三种莨菪药对急性肾衰大鼠血栓素及前列环素代谢的影响

本文研究了急性肾衰时血栓素及前列环素代谢的改变，观察了樟柳碱，东莨菪碱及山莨菪碱对这些改变的影响。结果表明，肾衰后24小时，左肾皮质及髓质血栓素B2（TXB2）及6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6KF）均明显增高，6KF与TXB2比值无明显改变；肾衰后48小时，左肾皮质及髓质TXB2明显增高，6KF增高不明显，6KF与TXB2比值明显降低。三种药物对肾组织TXB2及6KF无明显影响．但均可提高血液中6KF含量，使6KF与TXB2比例增加。其作用以东莨菪碱最明显，其次是樟柳碱及山莨菪碱。结果说明，肾组织TXB2和6KF比例的变化可能是急性肾衰维持期肾组织血流量持续降低，肾功能恶化的重要因素。东莨菪碱及樟柳碱可提高血液中前列环素含量，这可能有助于肾组织血流量的恢复。     

银杏叶制剂和丹参对急性肾功能衰竭家兔rRBF的影响

目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)兔肾皮质局部血流量(rRBF)与血液流变学的关系 ,以及银杏叶制剂 (GbE)、丹参对其的影响。方法用50 %的甘油10ml/kg 行兔后肢肌肉加压注射 ,建立ARF动物模型 ,观察血液流变学、rRBF的变化 ,并给予GbE、丹参注射液对比观察。结果ARF组血液流变学指标明显异常 ,rRBF明显下降。ηb、ηp、EAI、HCT等与rRBF呈明显负相关(P均<0.05)。GbE组、丹参组动物血液流变学、rRBF等指标明显改善。结论ARF时血液流变特性恶化和肾局部微循环障碍可能是造成rRBF下降的直接原因之一。GbE、丹参对甘油所致ARF家兔的血液流变特性及肾组织缺血性损害有明显的保护作用     

家兔心肌缺血及再灌流对红细胞变形能力的损伤及其防治的实验研究

本文以家兔为对象,利用激光衍射法研究了在结扎冠状动脉左室枝后及放开结扎重新供血造成再灌流时红细胞变形能力的改变情况。结果表明:再灌流对红细胞变形能力的损伤程度比单纯缺血严重得多,这些改变可以引起并加重心肌微循环障碍,导致心肌细胞的进一步损伤,再灌流前给予山莨菪碱和樟柳碱均可以有效地改善红细胞的变形能力。结果提示对心肌梗塞患者及时给予山茛菪碱或樟柳碱可能有助于防止再灌流对红细胞变形能力的损伤。     

异搏停和山莨菪碱对大鼠被动型Heymann肾炎病变的影响

本实验应用抗大鼠肾小管抗原的抗血清制做大鼠被动型Ｈｅｙｍａｎｎ肾炎（ＰＨＮ）动物模型，并选用异搏停和山莨菪碱进行处理，观察两药对其病变的影响，结果表明：异搏停及山莨菪碱处理的大鼠尿蛋白均明显低于ＰＨＮ组，病理组织损伤亦有一定程度的改善。提示：上述两药均对大鼠ＰＨＮ病变有一定的治疗作用。     

三种莨菪类药物对失血性休克大鼠不同组织氧耗量的影响

氧耗是正常组织细胞生命活动的一个基本标志,不同组织氧耗又不尽相同。失血休克后不同组织细胞氧耗量的测量,文献报道甚少,应用莨菪类药物对失血性休克大鼠不同组织氧耗量的测量亦未见文献报道,故此本文着重探讨莨菪类药物对失血性休克大鼠不同组织氧耗量的影响,为休克的防治提供依据。１　材料和方法１．１　实验动物、药品及仪器由本院动物实验室提供Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,体重２２０～２５０ｇ,雌雄不拘,分组如下：（１）正常对照组（１０只）,（２）失血休克组（１０只）,（３）盐酸莨菪碱组（１０只,简称６５４２）,（４）溴…     

Folic acid induces acute renal failure (ARF) by enhancing renal prooxidant state

Systemic administration of folic acid (FA) in mice was used for studying the pathogenesis associated with acute renal failure (ARF). However, the mechanism by which FA induces ARF remains poorly understood. The present study therefore, was planned to investigate the effect of folic acid administration on prooxidant state and associated ultrastructural changes in renal tissue. Balb/c male mice of 4–6 weeks old were divided into control and two folic acid treatment groups (Groups A and B). The animals in group A were administered intraperitoneal injection of folic acid (100 mg kg^?1 body weight) for a period of 7 consecutive days while the animal in group B were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of folic acid (250 mg kg^?1 body weight). The renal tissues were collected and used for the analyses of lipid peroxidative indices and activities of antioxidant enzymes in renal tissues. To corroborate biochemical findings scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in renal tissue was studied. Folic acid treated animals demonstrated marked renal hypertrophy accompanied by severe impairment of renal function. Glutathione levels (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were significantly decreased and LPO levels increased following FA treatment. SEM results further substantiated the observed biochemical changes as evident by severe inflammation in glomeruli, swelling in primary and secondary pedicels, blebbing in villi, and tremendous deprivation of erythrocytes (RBCs) in FA treated kidneys. The present study therefore suggests that acute administration of folic acid leads to the generation of oxidative stress and altered membrane architecture responsible for folic acid induced ARF.     

Laboratory tests in acute renal failure]

This review is focused on the roles of laboratory test in acute renal failure (ARF). The roles of the laboratory test changes along with the alterations in clinical features and with the advances of treatment. Recent acute renal failure is characterized by the following three features: most of the ARF develops in hospitals, the frequency of nonoliguric ARF is increasing, and the association of other organ failure such as heart failure, liver failure or respiratory failure, increases the mortality rate. Hemodialysis is instituted in the early phase of ARF to enable the supply of enough nutriments and drugs. These features of recent ARF increases the importance of the frequent analysis of plasma creatinine in patients, who are at risk for ARF, to diagnose ARF at the onset. After the development of ARF, laboratory tests for the evaluation of other organ function is repeated. The development of new drugs increases the incidence of interstitial nephritis, and the advances in the therapeutic approach on systemic diseases (such as SLE or PN), which frequently develop ARF, alter the prognosis of these diseases. Since the early diagnosis of these diseases is important, it is necessary to develop noninvasive and reliable tests for the diagnosis of these diseases.     

Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure

Clinical and experimental studies on the development of myoglobinuria-associated acute renal failure (ARF) were reviewed. ARF developed in 30% of the cases of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF accounted for 5-10% of all ARF. The presence of dehydration or hypotension at the presentation of rhabdomyolysis seems to be a risk factor in the development of rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF. ARF occurred more frequently in the rhabdomyolysis caused by sepsis or burns. Glycerol-induced ARF in rats or rabbits has been studied to investigate the pathogenesis of myoglobinuria-associated ARF. The early decrease in inulin clearance (Cin) in glycerol-induced ARF was dependent upon the decrease in renal blood flow, but the decrease in Cin in the late phase could not be attributed to the decrease in renal blood flow. Diminished glomerular permeability and cast formation might play important roles in the decrease in Cin in the late phase of glycerol-induced ARF.