小脑扁桃体切除术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞

目的探讨切除小脑扁桃体治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的疗效。方法对21例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的病人采用切除下疝的小脑扁桃体。结果随访复查17例病人中，MRI均显示枕大池重新形成，脊髓空洞明显缩小，其中3例消失。结论小脑扁桃体切除是治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的有效方法。     

Chiari Ⅰ畸形后颅窝线性容积与小脑扁桃体下疝及脊髓空洞的相关性研究

目的 对Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者后颅窝的各线性结构进行测量,探讨不同下疝程度以及是否并发脊髓空洞的Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者的发病机制以及利用MRI在后颅窝结构上的测量意义.方法 回顾分析2004年8月至2012年6月北京积水潭医院神经外科住院治疗的Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者97例,在MRI上测量其斜坡的长度、枕骨基底部的长度、蝶骨底长度、枕骨鳞部、脑干的长度、小脑半球的长度、枕骨大孔径、Twining's线、小脑幕与Twining's线的角度.结果 根据MRI影像学的表现,将Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者小脑扁桃体下缘尾向移位程度分为3度,其中Ⅰ度48例(49.5％),Ⅱ度36例(37.1％),Ⅲ度13例(13.4％);合并脊髓空洞69例(71.1％),无脊髓空洞28例(28.9％).Chiari Ⅰ畸形小脑扁桃体下疝Ⅰ度的患者斜坡的长度(d+e)、枕骨基底部的长度(e)、脑干长度(b)和小脑半球的长度(c)显著大于Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度的患者(P＜0.05).合并脊髓空洞患者枕骨大孔径(B to OP)显著小于无脊髓空洞患者(P＜0.05),脑干的长度(b)显著长于无脊髓空洞组患者(P＜0.05).结论 在Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者中,后颅窝骨性结构及内在神经结构的发育异常,是引起小脑扁桃体下疝及脊髓空洞等病理生理改变的重要原因,在手术治疗中要对此区域的病理改变进行有针对性的治疗,为患者制定合适的手术策略.     

小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形的MRI诊断与临床误诊原因分析

①目的 探讨小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形MRI诊断及临床误诊原因。②方法 11例MRI诊断的小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形患，检查采用GE Signa Profile SYS#0．2 TMR机。③结果 在T1WI上，延髓和小脑扁桃体向下疝入枕骨大孔，小脑扁桃体低于枕骨大孔平面5mm。11例中8例(73％)伴有颈段脊髓空洞症，环枕融合畸形3例(27％)，颅底凹陷2例(18％)，胸椎畸形1例(9％)，腰椎隐性脊柱裂1例(9％)。2例(18％)脑积水，2例(18％)延髓斑状钙化。④结论 先天性ChiariⅠ型与获得性ChiariⅠ型脊髓空洞产生机制类似。矢状位T1WI可准确显示小脑扁桃体形态和疝出程度，MRI是诊断小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形的首选，手术是治疗唯一的方法。     

MRI对Chiari畸形的诊断及鉴别诊断分析

目的探讨Chiari畸形(小脑扁桃体下疝畸形)的MRI表现,评价其诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析30例经核磁共振检查确诊的Chiari畸形患者的MRI资料及临床表现。结果 30例Chiari畸形患者均表现为小脑扁桃体变尖削,向下疝入枕大孔平面下5 mm~25 mm,其中单纯Chiari畸形2例,合并脑积水8例,合并脊髓空洞症17例,脑积水和脊髓空洞症并存2例,合并颅底凹陷症1例。结论MRI能准确诊断Chiari畸形及其并发症,为诊断Chiari畸形的首选影像学检查方法。     

Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的外科治疗(附32例报告)

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗方法。方法：分析我科收治的32例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症患者进行手术治疗，以后颅窝减压、小脑扁桃体切除、脊髓空洞穿刺、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连为主，达到解除后脑受压，解除粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅的目的。结果：随访24例患者中，临床症状完全消失18例，好转2例，术前有头痛、颈痈或肩臂病症状者均有显著减轻，3例自觉症状无变化，复查MRI显示21例空洞明显缩小。结论：后颅窝减压、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅是手术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的关键。     

浅析Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝的MRI诊断

目的：探讨利用MRI扫描诊断Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝及其并发症的要点。方法回顾性分析我院行颈椎MRI扫描的小脑扁桃体疝患者8例。结果8例患者均为Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝合并脊髓空洞症，MRI平扫均可见小脑扁桃体下端变尖并经枕大孔疝入上部颈椎椎管内，颈椎中下部脊髓中央可见管状长T1、长T2信号。结论小脑扁桃体经枕大孔向下疝入颈椎椎管内超过5 mm并多合并脊髓空洞症，即可诊断本病，而MRI扫描一种有效而准确的影像学检查方法。     

成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型后颅窝线性容积特征与小脑扁桃体下疝程度和脊髓空洞的相关性分析

目的分析成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型后颅窝线性容积特征与小脑扁桃体下疝程度和脊髓空洞的相关性。方法2013年8月至2017年1月,于我院收治的成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者中选取74例,其次,选取82例和成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者年龄匹配的正常成人为对照组,对两组研究对象进行MRI检查,分析成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型后颅窝线性容积特征与小脑扁桃体下疝程度和脊髓空洞的相关性。结果相较于对照组,成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者的后颅窝斜坡倾斜角ɑ、BE、AD、CD、AB等均更小,P0.05。结论成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者的后颅窝容积会在一定程度上减少,和扁桃体下疝程度、脊髓空洞之间没有显著相关性存在,Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者斜坡发育和小脑扁桃体下疝程度、脊髓空洞之间有一定相关性存在。     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的MRI研究

目的：研究Chiari畸形（CM）／脊髓空洞症（SM）患者小脑扁桃体下疝的程度与空洞大小之间的关系，探讨其发病规律。方法：回顾性分析162例CM／SM的MRI资料，测量小脑扁桃体疝的长度（L）、空洞的长度（空洞沿椎体的节段数）和宽度、对所有的计量资料进行统计学处理。结果：L＜5mm，占13．58％，L＝5－15mm，占75．31％，L＞15mm，占11．11％，小脑扁桃体下疝的程度与空洞长度的相关系数r1=-0.0961,P=03517，与宽度的相关系数r2=-0.0055,P=0.9578。结论：小脑扁桃体下疝长度在5－15mm之间者易伴发脊髓空洞，小脑扁桃体下疝的长度与空洞的大小无显著的线性相关。     

后颅窝小骨窗减压及硬膜成形术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症

目的 研究后颅窝小骨窗减压及硬膜成形术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术疗效.方法 枕下正中入路,咬除枕骨大孔后缘及环椎后弓,显微镜下切开硬脊膜,根据小脑扁桃体下疝程度及粘连严重程度决定不切、部分切除或电凝小脑扁桃体,重建第四脑室正中孔与小脑延髓外侧池之间的交通.开放脊髓中央管开口,无张力修补硬脑膜,重建枕大池的正常脑脊液循环.结果 42例手术均顺利完成,术后恢复平稳,无严重并发症.患者的肌力、痛、温觉及肌张力均有不同程度的好转.随访6个月～3年MRI,27例示下疝之扁桃体均回缩3～5mm,8例空洞消失,脊髓形态接近正常,19例空洞缩小.结论 采用后颅窝小骨窗减压及硬膜成形术,是治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形合并脊髓空洞症的有效方法.     

枕大池扩大重建术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的临床研究

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术方式。方法：采用小脑扁桃体下疝切除 枕大池扩大成形术。结果：9例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的患中男4例，女5例，年龄18-47岁，均经MRI检查确诊。术后近期肌力的恢复明显优于感觉的恢复。3-6个月复查的病例中，感觉恢复的速度好于肌力，可达正常或接近正常。6-24个月MRI复查的8例中，5例空洞变细如线，3例空洞消失，但脊髓形态仍细于正常1/5-1/4。结论：此术式损伤小，效果较好，要求：小脑扁桃体切实复位，四脑室正中孔开放，枕大池蛛网膜下腔扩大，枕肌缝合逐层严密。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.