丙烯腈作业工人尿硫氰酸盐含量的分析

目的 探讨接触丙烯腈工人不同工龄之间的尿硫氰酸盐含量的差异。方法 选取某化纤厂丙烯腈接触工人147名,不接触尘毒人员56名,收集晨尿,测定尿硫氰酸盐浓度。结果 随工龄的增加,尿中硫氰酸盐的含量递增,统计显示组间差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 丙烯腈接触的时间越长,人体尿中硫氰酸盐的含量有增高的趋势。     

90名铅职业接触者血铅和尿铅含量结果分析

目的 通过测定职业接触者血铅和尿铅的含量,评价血铅和尿铅在职业病诊断方面的实用性和可靠性. 方法 用石墨炉原子吸收法对职业接触者的血铅、尿铅及铅标准物质进行检测,对检验结果进行统计分析.结果 职业接触者血铅和尿铅的检测结果具有较高的符合度.结论 血铅与空气铅浓度密切相关,但血铅采样不方便,尤其不为儿童接受,同时因易受污...     

Relation of mercury exposure to elemental mercury levels in the urine and blood

The levels of elemental and inorganic mercury were measured in urine and blood samples from workers in thermometer manufacturing factories. The inorganic mercury levels in the urine did not correlate with the levels of mercury exposure for each worker. However, a significant correlation was noted between elemental mercury levels in the urine and the levels of individual exposure. A significant correlation was also found between elemental mercury levels in the urine and mercury levels in the blood. These findings suggest that the determination of elemental mercury in urine may serve as a useful indicator for assessing levels of recent exposure to mercury vapor, as well as the level of inorganic mercury in the blood.     

高温噪声作业人员血脂水平的调查分析

目的探讨高温+噪声和单纯噪声的职业病危害因素对劳动者血脂水平的影响,为预防和减轻高温及噪声对作业人员健康的影响提供依据,同时探讨血脂是否可作为噪声、高温作业人员职业健康检查的必检项目。方法选择某工厂的冶炼工、浇铸工、热处理工60名为高温、噪声接触对象;选取该厂的原料工、打磨工、制模工60名为单纯噪声接触对象;选取该厂不接触噪声、常温作业的财务人员、销售人员、采购人员72名为对照组。用方差分析、秩和检验的方法进行统计分析。结果高温+噪声组、单纯噪声组和对照组工人的血脂成分中总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平(x珋±s)和甘油三酯(TG)中位数水平的差异无统计学意义,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)中位数水平,3组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组工人HDL-C水平多重比较显示,高温+噪声组与噪声组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);高温+噪声组与对照组、噪声组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);3组工人血脂增高率比较,TC、LDL、TG,均P0.05,HDL-C增高率P0.05。TC、TG、LDL水平不高于对照组,差异无统计学意义,高温+噪声组、单纯噪声组的血脂异常检出率(除HDL-C外)均比对照组高,但差异无统计学意义。结论血脂检查不应做为噪声、高温作业人员职业健康检查的必检项目。     

氟化物接触人员尿羟脯氨酸和尿氟测定的意义

为了解长期接触氟化物人员骨组织代谢早期的变化,同时也为了有效地加强对长期接触氟化物人员的健康监护,我们对我省某铝厂电解车间工作人员进行了尿氟和骨吸收指标-尿羟脯氨酸(HOP)的测定和分析.     

Individual mercury exposure of chloralkali workers and its relation to blood and urinary mercury levels.

On two occasions, chloralkali workers were investigated with regard to personal air mercury exposure, blood mercury and urinary mercury. The first investigation (13 workers, 2 weeks) was made at an exposure above the threshold limit value (64 microgram/m3, range 36--112), the second (16 workers, 8 weeks) at a lower exposure (23 microgram/m3, range 15--43). At the higher level of exposure, good correlations were found between air exposure and blood or urinary mercury for the group, but not for individuals. At the lower level, the correlations were less pronounced for the group. For individuals, the best correlation was found between mean air exposure during one week and blood mercury about half a week later. Other individuals, mainly the least exposed, showed no such correlation. Corresponding correlations were not found for urinary mercury. The urinary excretion rate was determined only for the last few hours of the workday, but the results agree with earlier investigations of 24-h excretion on a group basis. The threshold limit value for mercury in air (50 microgram/m3) corresponds to 150--175 nmol Hg/1 blood (= 30--35 microgram/1) for the group, with large individual variation.     

某蓄电池厂作业工人血铅、尿铅与指甲铅检测结果分析

目的 通过对某蓄电池厂工作人员血铅、尿铅及指甲铅水平的分析, 探讨三者在职业病诊断中的价值。
方法 留取该企业203名作业工人静脉血标本、尿标本以及指甲标本, 用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅、尿铅以及指甲铅水平, 并对数据进行统计学分析。
结果 该企业铅烟时间加权平均浓度(C_TWA)为(0.31 ±0.37) mg/m3, 铅尘C_TWA为(0.28 ±0.50) mg/m3。员工血铅均值为(280.37 ±164.86)μg/L, 异常率为22.7%;尿铅均值为(0.035 ±0.042) mg/L, 异常率为11.3%;指甲铅均值为(1 407.96 ±2 625.26)μg/g。男性工人血铅、尿铅、指甲铅水平均高于女性工人, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01或0.05)。不同工龄组工人血铅、尿铅异常率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血铅、尿铅水平和指甲铅水平均存在相关关系(r=0.544、0.546, P < 0.01)。
结论 该蓄电池厂铅作业工人血铅、尿铅、指甲铅均有异常, 指甲铅和血铅水平有较好的相关性。指甲铅水平可作为职业性慢性铅中毒诊断的一个辅助指标, 值得进一步探讨。
     

碳酸锶作业工人尿锶和血钙调查

对碳酸锶作业工人的尿锶和血钙进行了调查, 发现其尿锶和血钙水平显著高于对照组, 且随工龄的增加有升高趋势。     

Cadmium in blood and urine related to present and past exposure. A study of workers in an alkaline battery factory

Blood and urinary cadmium concentrations together with cadmium in air concentrations from the breathing zone of 18 male workers in an alkaline battery factory were determined at regular intervals for 11 consecutive weeks. Nine of the workers examined were smokers and nine non-smokers. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ in age or years of employment. Cadmium in air concentrations varied, but no definite trend was observed. The concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine were found to be stable. Exposure to airborne cadmium was identical for smokers and non-smokers but average cadmium concentrations in the blood and urine of smokers were approximately twice as high as those in non-smokers. For the whole group, urinary cadmium was significantly correlated with years of employment, but no correlation was found between blood cadmium concentrations and exposure. For non-smokers, the correlation between cadmium in blood and years of employment was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This finding indicated that blood concentrations of cadmium reflect body burden in non-smokers at current low exposure levels.     

Selenium levels in human blood, urine, and hair in response to exposure via drinking water.

Blood, hair, urine, and tap water samples were obtained from participants in a population exposed to varying amounts of selenium via water from home wells. Concentrations of selenium in urine and hair produced significant positive correlations with well-water selenium levels. Blood selenium with well-water selenium did not produce a significant correlation. Urine selenium correlation with hair selenium and urine selenium correlation with blood selenium were found to be significant. No significant correlation for hair selenium with blood selenium was found. We conclude that blood selenium alone is not an adequate monitor of selenium exposure or body burden at levels below chronic toxicity.     

Arsenic levels in human blood, urine, and hair in response to exposure via drinking water.

Five communities with water supplies having arsenic concentrations of 6, 51, 98, 123, and 393 μg/liter were selected for study. Samples of blood, hair, urine, and tap water were obtained from participants in each community and analyzed for arsenic content. Results showed an increase in arsenic concentration for urine and hair samples as the water arsenic concentrations increased. Arsenic levels in blood did not show this trend until chronic toxicity was expected. We conclude that arsenic levels in water at concentrations of 100 μg/liter or less seem not to produce an undue body burden.     

职业接触铟工人血和尿中铟的检测

目的 建立血和尿中铟(In)的检测方法, 评估职业接触工人In的接触水平。
方法 血样和尿样用体积分数0.1%的硝酸+体积分数0.02%的曲拉通溶液将原体积稀释至10倍后, 采用工作曲线法定量, 利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定血和尿样中In的质量浓度, 并用该法对某液晶屏生产企业的82名接触In工人血和尿样中In进行检测。
结果 血和尿中In在选定范围内均具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数大于0.999, 血和尿中In检出限分别为0.014 5 μg/L和0.005 1 μg/L, 最低检出的质量浓度分别为0.145 μg/L和0.051μg/L, 血和尿中In的加标回收率分别为98.3%~103.2%和95.2%~100.5%, 检测的批内精密度分别为1.11%~2.05%和1.02%~1.99%, 批间精密度分别为2.08%~3.99%和1.14%~1.82%。82名工人尿中In的质量浓度均低于最低检出浓度, 血中In的质量浓度为 < 0.145~1.730 μg/L。
结论 建立的方法有检出限低、灵敏度高、精密度好等优点, 可用于In接触工人血和尿中In的检测。
     

Lead levels in workers' blood and urine

The relation between lead content in urine and blood of workers and the degree of manifestation of a disease is analysed in the paper. It has been found out that along with the increase in lead content in biomedia the severity of its effect on the organism is increased too. It has been shown that the determination of this element in urine is characterized by high diagnostic significance (more than 95%). The rate of lead excretion with urine increases with the increase of severity of a disease, and it is twice as much in people with chronic lead intoxication compared to that in practically healthy workers. It is proposed that determination of urine lead content be included as an obligatory test into the examination of workers in contact with lead.     

Cadmium in blood and urine related to present and past exposure. A study of workers in an alkaline battery factory.

Blood and urinary cadmium concentrations together with cadmium in air concentrations from the breathing zone of 18 male workers in an alkaline battery factory were determined at regular intervals for 11 consecutive weeks. Nine of the workers examined were smokers and nine non-smokers. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ in age or years of employment. Cadmium in air concentrations varied, but no definite trend was observed. The concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine were found to be stable. Exposure to airborne cadmium was identical for smokers and non-smokers but average cadmium concentrations in the blood and urine of smokers were approximately twice as high as those in non-smokers. For the whole group, urinary cadmium was significantly correlated with years of employment, but no correlation was found between blood cadmium concentrations and exposure. For non-smokers, the correlation between cadmium in blood and years of employment was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This finding indicated that blood concentrations of cadmium reflect body burden in non-smokers at current low exposure levels.     

Arsenic levels in blood, urine, and hair of workers applying monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA)

Uptake and excretion of total arsenic from monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) in workers who applied the herbicide was followed during the spraying season. Urine, blood, and hair samples were collected and air samples were taken from the workers' breathing zone. Arsenic concentrations in air samples ranged from 0.001-1.086 micrograms/m3. Blood and urine arsenic values ranged from 0.0-0.2 mg/L and 0.002-1.725 mg/L, respectively. The geometric mean arsenic concentration in urine increased during the week but returned to base levels on weekends. Hair arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.02-358.0 mg/kg, increased during the spraying season, and returned to pre-season levels once herbicide application ceased. Three workers had higher than normal pre-exposure hair values. However, only one of the three workers had consistently above normal values throughout the study period.